1908. 
421 
GETTING GRADE FOR DRAINS. 
I wish to make a suggestion to A. H'. 
Phillips (page 337) as to getting grade 
line for laying drain tile. I have laid 
several hundreds rods of tile, and used 
for getting grade the method which 
I have attempted to illustrate in ac¬ 
companying cut. Let A-B represent sur¬ 
face line of land to be drained; C-D 
bottom of tile ditch. At each end of 
proposed drain (say at A and B) set 
poles on both sides of proposed drain, 
so they will cross each other directly 
over proposed ditch, and some definite 
height above surface (say four feet). 
Let the points at the poles crossing be 
E and F on this plan. Now draw string 
from E to F. At points about one rod 
apart set poles slanting over proposed 
ditch so as to support the string drawn 
from E to F in a straight line. Now 
the line from E to F will be parallel 
with bottom of tile ditch. Cut a meas¬ 
uring pole of such length that when the 
upper end just touches the string the 
lower end will just reach to the pro¬ 
posed ditch bottom. If the gauge line 
is drawn five feet above the average 
surface, and the measuring pole is eight 
feet long the ditch will have an average 
depth of three feet. With this arrange¬ 
ment no skill is needed to dig a ditch 
with a. true grade, as the dullest ditcher 
could stand a pole upright under the 
string for measure. If the digging was 
such that team work could be used in 
making ditch, the drawing of the gauge 
string could be deferred until ready to 
finish ditch by hand. This is cheaper 
and better than engineers’ work. 
__ M. MORSE. 
COW PEAS AND CRIMSON CLOVER. 
(1. /)., gtoneboro, Pa. —if i plow straw¬ 
berries under from the 15th to 20th of 
July, would it be advisable to sow cow 
peas and Crimson clover together, and let 
the cow peas die down in Fall to pro¬ 
tect the Crimson clover through Winter? 
Would the cow peas left to winter-kill lose 
any of their nitrogenous value, or would 
they smother the Crimson clover out? Would 
they have to be cut before frost to keep 
from seeding and would the Canada field 
pea or the common cow pea do best for 
this section sown that time of year? They 
are something new in this section. 
Ans.— The southern cow pea would 
doubtless make some growth with you 
sown in July, and the growth might 
pay for the seed in the benefit it would 
give to the soil, but I doubt if Crimson 
clover would survive your Winter, even 
if the peas did not smother it out. 
Over in Ashtabula County, Ohio, a 
farmer wrote me that he is making a 
success with cow peas in his orchard, 
sown for the benefit of the trees. He 
said that the first time he sowed them 
he had very poor success, but by sow¬ 
ing the same land the next season he 
found that it had become inoculated and 
the peas did well. But you are in an 
elevated section, and farther north 
than the southern cow pea can be relied 
upon on a clay soil. In Michigan, on 
sandy soil, they have a variety called 
there the Michigan Favorite, and if 
you can get Michigan grown seed of 
this it will be advisable. The Canada 
pea would be better for you than the 
southern pea, but it would be of little 
use, I would suppose, to sow that in 
July. If you sow the cow peas very 
thinly, say half a bushel per acre, and 
harrow them in well, and then sow 
Crimson clover seed at the rate of 15 
pounds per acre, and brush it in lightly, 
I think that the peas may not grow so 
rankly as to smother the clover, and 
even if the clover fails to pass the Win¬ 
ter, I believe that the two would pay 
you in the improvement of the soil. I 
do not think y^ou will have any seed¬ 
ing, unless the pea advised is earlier 
than I think, but the seeding would be 
an advantage, for the seed will not 
survive the Winter, and you might 
THE RURAb 
gather some for future use. The 
Michigan Favorite does seed in Michi¬ 
gan, as I have had seed from there. 
There would be little if any loss from 
leaving the dead peas on the ground. 
They will hold the snow on the clover. 
I believe that as a rule you will do 
better with Canada peas sown early in 
Spring. w. F. massey. 
AILING ANIMALS. 
Colts on Sheep Pasture. 
Shall I keep my young colts in a pas¬ 
ture that has for years been stocked with 
wormy sheep, or hire them pastured? 
New York. g. f. m. 
Worms affecting sheep do not also affect 
colts, so the latter may safely be pastured 
where wormy sheep have grazed. It is 
quite likely, however, that the colts may 
find the old pasture infested with worms 
that affect them also, and this most prob¬ 
ably will be the case if adult horses have 
used the field. a. s. a. 
Horses With Sore Necks. 
Several of our work horses have sore 
necks, where the collar rests on the neck. 
Small loose scabs form, usually on top of 
the neck or within an inch of the top; 
when the scabs are removed a small crack 
appears with a very little matter in it. 
The next day the scab will be there again; 
sometimes the part is hot and slightly 
swollen. I have used creolin, carbolic acid 
and a carbolic salve without doing any 
good. We have tried zinc and leather col¬ 
lar pads, and also sweat pads. Can you tell 
me what to do for them? l. r. p. 
See article on the subject, page 355. Do 
not clip off the mane where the sore places 
come. The bristles resulting from clipping 
aggravate the sore. Paint part twice daily 
with a mixture of two ounces of tincture 
of iodine, and six ounces of extract of 
witch hazel. Dead skin must be cut away 
in old standing cases before healing will 
take place. Keep the collar clean and ad¬ 
just the draft to lessen weight and friction 
at top of neck. a. s. a. 
Care of Clyde Horses. 
What is the correct way to deal with a 
Clyde mare’s hairy fetlocks? Should I leave 
them full length, or clip them say one inch 
long and keep them about that length? 
What advantage are hairy legs anyhow? 
In our Winter the snow is half the time 
slush. But home in Scotland—I’m city- 
bred Scotch—the snow was mostly all slush. 
The point of the matter is that she has 
trouble with scratches. j. b. 
Nova Scotia. 
Do not clip the legs. The long hair 
protects the skin, and tliore will be little 
trouble from scratches (erythema and 
grease) if you make it a practice to dry 
the legs thoroughly as they do in Scotland. 
The drying is done by rubbing well with 
sawdust, and if at any time it is absolutely 
necessary to wash the legs always dry them 
thoroughly afterward, by using sawdust, or 
trouble is sure to follow. When the horse 
comes in with legs muddy allow the mud 
to dry on the surface of the hair; then 
brush it off. If the legs are wet right 
down to the skin dry them as advised. 
Where there is a tendency to scratches rub 
in a mixture of flowers of sulphur and 
olive' oil made of the consistency of thick 
cream and do not wash it off; repeat as 
required. a. s. a. 
Foul Claw. 
Could you give a remedy for a stubborn 
case of foul claw in cow? We have ex¬ 
hausted our resources trying to cure it 
without success, and would be thankful for 
advice that would help us out. w. l. s. 
Cleanse the parts thoroughly and cut 
away all loose, rotten or under-run horn 
of hoof. Then swab well with a saturated 
solution of sulphate of copper (bluestone) 
and when dry apply freely a mixture of 
equal parts calomel and subnitrate of bis¬ 
muth upon antiseptic cotton held in place 
by a clean, narrow bandage. Renew the 
dressing daily, but do not again use the cop¬ 
per sulphate solution, unless there are 
sprouting growths. Treatment will fail if 
pus is burrowing under the horn or hoof. 
Free vent must be given to the pus; then 
the treatment advised will prove successful. 
a. s. A. 
Chronic Diarrhea in Horse. 
One of my horses is troubled with what 
I call chronic looseness of the bowels. I 
am feeding about four quarts oats and 
two quarts corn ground together. This for 
three feeds, and dry, first-class hay, 10 
pounds. I have had her teeth attended to 
by the local veterinary twice. She is 17 
or 18 years old, but a very good animal 
yet. I cannot feed her any laxative food, 
nor any straw. u. 
New York. 
Feed whole oats and bran mixed, reduc¬ 
ing the present amount of concentrate one- 
third. Always allow water first, then hay, 
then the grain feed. Do not work her soon 
after a metal. If trouble continues mix in 
the feed twice daily a tablespoonful of a 
mixture of equal parts powdered wood char¬ 
coal. granular hyposulphite of soda and 
Hydrastis canadensis. a. s. a. 
NEW-YORKER 
THE" ■ 
.•ANIMALS* 
••FRIEND 
lilLLS EVERY 
IT STRIKES 
when our pntfnt sprayer is 
used. Keeps nil insect 
pests off cows in pasture 
longer than any imitation. 
Used since 1885. Absolutely 
harmless, cures all sores. 
Hal fcent’s worth saves3 
__ __ quartsinllkandmuchflesh. 
NO LICE in Poultry House, or any place it is 
sprayed. If dealer offers substitute, send us $1 for 
Improved 3-tube Sprayer and enough SHOO-FLY to 
S rotect 200 cows. Name express office. #1 returned 
t cows not protected. Send postal for free booklet. 
Shoo-Fly Mfgr. Co., 1317 N. lOtliSt., PhUa.JPa. 
FREE 
-FEEDERS HAND 
BOOK 
with analysis 
tables and val¬ 
uable informa¬ 
tion about Ajax Flakes, .tlie wonderful dairy feed. 
CHAPIN & CO., Inc. - Buffalo, N. Y. 
Milk Oil 
For 
Catde. Sheep, 
Hogs. 
Oldest American Dip. Cheapest, \L- 
most effective, strongest obtainable. ' 
1 gal. can $1.00, 5'1 gal. barrel S10. 
Catalog Stockmen’s Supplies Free. 
CYRIL FRANCKLYN, 62 BEAVER STREET, NEW YORK 
This is the New “Silberzahn” 
Air-Cooled 
2 - 34 - 5 . 
Get interesting information 
and valuable proposition from 
D I ETIS & COMPANY, 
MANUFACTURERS, 
Marinette,-Wisconsin. 
Stickney Gasoline Engines 
ARE THE BEST 
BECAUSE OF ITS DESIGN^ 
TEM. VALVE MOTION. 
ERNOR.^ THE ~ QUALITV^OF 
5 SYSH 
? GOV- 
I MB. % yUALITY^Ofj 
ITS MATERIA ANO THEM 
'-vi.or.1 itsIwo’sr3 
M 
ACCURACY 
M AN SHIR 
accausi .or— its STYStiS 
j %- ** ** -v~4 
SONS WHICH^ARB JOLDIN 
7 OUR ^FSEcicATALOGlF*^ 
catechism^ 
. STATIONARY, PORTABLE WOOD SAWING'OUTFITS 
SEND TODAY FOR FREE CATALOG,' 
CHAS. ft. STICKNEY CO, , 55 Batterymarch St.JBostonfMass; 
KEEP THE BOYS 
ON THE FARM. 
One of our Gasoline Engines 
in a small power house will keep the 
boys interested and do away with the 
drudgery that all boys hate. Any boy 
can operate our engines, they are so 
simple, and easy to start. 
Send for Catalog. 
First engine in county at agents’ price. 
THE MAXWELL & FITCH CO. 
ROME, N. Y. 
DON’T RUST FARM FENCE 
Sold dfreot to farmers at man¬ 
ufacturers’ prices. Catalogue 
free. Freight prepaid. 
THE WARD FENCE CO. 
Box 885 Decatur, Ind. 
Make a Big Cut in Your 
Year’s Dairy Feed Bill 
You .know the great milk-producing value of 
Distillers Dried Grains. The best dairymen 
are now feeding in summer as well as winter. 
It maintains the winter’s milk flow. Stock 
up now on Dewey’s 
Distillers’ Dried Grains 
At Summer Prices 
Prices sure to go up in the fall as corn is high 
and many distillers are closing. Keep per¬ 
fectly it stored in dry, and at present low 
prices is far better investment than money in 
hank. Write for price circular today. 
The Dewey Bros. Co,, Box 656, Blanchester, 0. 
Stockmen and farmers who use the Cooper Dips 
nave healthier animals—get more wool and better 
prices. More than half the cloth and flannel of 
the world is made of Cooper dipped wool. Tanks 
supplied at cost to all users of the Cooper Dips. 
COOPER’S POWDER DIP 
The leading sheep dip for 66 years. Used on over 
250 million sheep every year. Kills ticks, lice, nits 
and eggs in one dipping. Does not stnin the wool, 
but increases the yield and improves the quality. 
Price—25 gal, pkt. 50c; 100 gal. pkt. $2.00. 
COOPER’S FLUID DIP 
for all animals. A highly concentrated, non- 
poisonous fluid dip of marvelous strength. Mixes 
readily with cold water, whether hard, brackish, 
or salty. The only pure liquid dip—no sediment. 
Goes farther than Coal Tar dips and therefore 
cheaper. Positive remedy for scab, mange, ticks, 
lice, ringworm, eczema, sores, bites, stings, etc. 
One gallon makes 200 gallons for general dipping, 
or 300 gallons for disinfecting. Price—Qt. can 60c; 
H gal. can $1.00: 1 gal. can $1.76: 6 gal. can $8.60. 
COOPER’S WORM TABLETS 
A sure remedy for intestinal worms in Horses, 
Sheep, Cattle and Hogs. These tablets offer the 
great advantage of correct doses and certain re¬ 
sults. Dose—one tablet for lamb or shoot: two for 
sheep or hogs; three for horses and cattle. Price 
—10 tablets 20c postpaid: box of 100 tablets $1.50postpaid. 
COOPER’S “LAVENE” 
The most effective skin dressing for Horses, 
Cattle and Dogs. Cures worst case of Mange and 
Ringworm at one dressing. Searches the skin and 
attacks the disease at its root. Improves the coat 
and renders hair soft and glossy. Is used by many 
of the best breeders in preparing animals for show. 
Price—Quart can $1.00: gal. can $3.00. 
COOPER’S TREE SPRAY 
Fluids V1 Winter and V 2 Summer have 
caused a revolution in tree spraying:. These new and scien¬ 
tifically prepared spray fluids stand alone for tho absolute 
destruction of all living insects, eggs, fungi, etc. One gal¬ 
lon makes 100 gallons of wash. Price—Gallon can, $3.00. 
WHERE THERE IS NO DEALER 
If you live where there is no dealer who can supply you 
with the Cooper preparations, order from Wm. Cooper & 
Nephews, 177 Illinois St. .Chicago, and deduct 10% from any 
of above prices (Worm Tablets excepted) for freight account. 
Distributing: Agents: 
SCHIEFFELIN & CO.* 170 William St.. 
New York, N. Y.* 
AN INFLAMED TENDON 
NEEDS COOLING. 
m 
T[ 
E 
wEUBm 
assist nature to repair strained, rup¬ 
tured ligaments more successfully than 
Firing. No blister, no hair gone, and 
you can use the horse. $2.00 per bottle, 
delivered. Book 2-C Free. 
ABSORBINE, JR., for mankind, $1.00 
bottle. Cures Strained Tom Ligaments, 
Varicose Veins, Varicocele, Hydrocele, en¬ 
larged Glands and Ulcers. Allays pain quickly 
W, F.YOUNG, P.D.F. 88 Monmouth St .Springfield Mass 
SORE SHOULDERS 
Positively cured by Bickmore’s Gall 
Also Harness Galls.Cuts 
and Sores on horses and 
cattle. Guaranteed good 
for man and beast. Sam- 
and new horse book 10c. 
BICKM0RE GALL CURE CO., 
BOX 912 OLD TOWN, MAINE ~ 
— & 
Free Veterinary Book 
Infall I ble gu ide. Makes every man 
his own horse doctor. Postage 2c. 
Tuttle’s Elixir 
Insures sound horses. Cures sp) int, 
curb, spavin, etc. 8100 reward 
for failure whero cure Is possiblo. 
TUTTLE’S ELIXIR CO.. 
30 Beverly St., Boston, Mass. 
Beware of all blisters; they 
only temporary relief, if any. 
SIL0S“ Mr Farmer - y°« want a silo with tho 
wa. w simplest and best front on the market, 
write me for description and prices. The Queen 
City Silo Co., T.E.Cross, Mgr.,Lagrangeville,N.y. 
GREEN MOUNTAIN 
SILOS 
Skilled workmanship and 
finest selected material. 
Strong, rigid, substantial 
Absolutely without equal. 
Fully GUARANTEED. 
Write NOW for particulars. 
CREAMERY 
PACKAGE MFC. CO. 
220 West St., Rutland, Vt. 
JYTH’S POKOUS TICK. Write for “Hints 
— on Farm Drainage.” LYTH TILE CO., Angola, N. Y. 
better work 
LESS LABOR 
Two things much desired by every 
to erTt, Two things you’re su?7 
to get in Iron Age Imule 
k S * For over 70 years they 
have been recognized the lead¬ 
ers because they do bet 
ter work, do it easier 
do more of it, and 
thus save hired 
help. Excep¬ 
tionally well 
made 
able. „„ 
No. 6 Com 
bined 
Double 
and 
Sin- 
