640 
THE RURAL NEW-YORKER 
August 8, 
Live Stock and Dairy 
EXTRA VALUE OF TESTED HEIFERS. 
Tuberculosis in the dairy is now a ques¬ 
tion of much importance. I was obliged to 
have four cows killed, having had them 
examined and finding that they did not 
pass the test. Owing to the law, which 
some say will pass the New York State 
Legislature, that all cows must be in¬ 
spected, would it he wise to raise calves 
and have them tested and so guarantee 
them when you sell them to the dairies 
as heifers? When would he the right 
time to make the test? I have heard of 
some inoculation like vaccination that pre¬ 
vents the heifers getting tuberculosis in 
later years. Is there anything in this? 
I have enough roughage to winter the young 
stock; then in the Spring I put them on 
the pasture. The extra guarantee would 
make them worth more. l. e. s. 
Sharon, Conn. 
Heifers to be sold under guarantee of 
freedom from tuberculosis should be 
tested a few weeks before they are 
offered for sale, and should then be kept 
isolated from other cattle. If L. E. S.’s 
herd is now free from tuberculosis, and 
if his buildings have been properly dis¬ 
infected, it is reasonable to expect that 
his calves will be all right. Moreover, a 
large percentage of healthy calves can 
be raised from tuberculous cows, even 
when allowed to suck their diseased 
dams, provided they do not inhabit the 
same premises. Calves from healthy 
cows, and which had always been kept 
with healthy cattle, could be guaranteed 
sound if tested just before they were 
sold. If calves were bought in from 
outside sources, it would be best to test 
them when about six months old, and 
again before offering them for sale. 
Other things being equal, there is no 
doubt that heifers sold under a guaran¬ 
tee of good health would command a 
better price than those not guaranteed. 
There is a method, known as the “Von 
Behring Immunization Method,” where¬ 
by cattle can be inoculated against the 
disease. This is said to have proved 
very successful, although it has not as 
yet been practiced to any great extent 
on this continent. 
In regard to a State law requiring all 
cattle to be tested with tuberculin, many 
important questions suggest themselves. 
For instance—will it be possible to find 
enough competent men to do the work? 
With all of these men (supposing 
enough skilled veterinarians can be 
found) be honest enough to refuse 
bribes? Will all owners of valuable 
cattle stand by and see their animals 
condemned, if they can prevent it by 
fair means or foul ? Are there not 
thousands of animals throughout the 
State which would react to the tuber¬ 
culin test, and yet be so slightly 
diseased that no harm could come from 
the use of their milk or meat? Would 
it be wise to sacrifice valuable purebred 
stock, in case they reacted, when with 
proper precautions their offspring could 
be raised into healthy animals? These 
are only a few of the questions that 
present themselves to a casual observer; 
there are many others of equal import¬ 
ance. _ c. s. M. 
BEEF CATTLE ON THE FARM. 
There are hundreds of farmers who 
for various reasons are not making a 
business of dairying, but are keeping 
only two or three family cows, and yet 
these same farmers are perhaps raising 
hogs or growing grain as a specialty, 
and therefore have considerable rough- 
age that should be converted into beef 
profitably. Corn fodder, oat straw and 
clover hay are usually abundant on 
every farm of much size, and unless fed 
to cattle or sheep must be otherwise 
disposed of, and perhaps at a loss finan¬ 
cially, and of course the soil suffers 
when such products are sent off the 
farm. One must have plenty of pas¬ 
ture if the cattle are to be finished on 
grass; that is, the pastures must not 
be overstocked. In the Winter warm 
sheds and good feed racks must be pro¬ 
vided, so that a minimum of feed shall 
be wasted. 
Selecting the cattle is half the battle. 
It is useless to raise dairy steers and 
expect top prices for them at selling 
time. The straight backs, full loins and 
blocky quarters of the beef breeds or 
beef grades are what you want in the 
feeders you select. Usually a farmer 
has two or three calves of his own rais¬ 
ing, and if he can use more he may buy 
some calves from his neighbors at 
weaning time, and thus have his bunch 
SIIORT-IIORN, BEEF TYPE. Fig. 282. 
of cattle even in age and size. Where 
one needs a carload or more one can 
get range calves, or a stock buyer can 
get a bunch of native stock together in 
a short time, or one may go to some 
large stockyard and pick the calves or 
older stock personally. My own prac¬ 
tice is to buy some calves at weaning 
time three to six months old, and keep 
them till they will do to export. I fre¬ 
quently keep them till they are four 
years old, though the best ones are 
ready at three years for the market. 
To bring good prices cattle must be 
PUREBRED HEREFORD BULL 
283. 
Fig. 
well finished, and we cannot get the 
necessary finish while the cattle are 
growing without heavy feeding. There 
are a number of problems about cattle 
feeding that each farmer must work 
out according to his own conditions, and 
one of these is whether he shall buy 
the best feeders and finish for the best 
prices, or buy common stuff and sell 
for whatever is offered. In my own 
practice I get as good calves as I pos¬ 
sibly can, and finish them for the higher 
prices, and I usually get the highest 
prices paid for grass cattle, the prices 
PRIZE-WINNING ANGUS. Fig. 284. 
varying from $4.50 to $5.75 per 100 dur¬ 
ing the past four years; the cattle rang¬ 
ing in weight from 1,200 to 1,500 pounds 
as three and four-year-olds. 
Those who buy two-year-old cattle 
for a short feed have the advantage of 
getting quicker returns from their in¬ 
vestment, but the cash invested is 
greater, and such cattle are sometimes 
so stunted that they never do as well 
as they should. Profitable cattle feed¬ 
ing has been conducted here on some 
high-priced land; $80 to $90 per acre, 
but to figure a profit there must be a 
margin of one cent per pound between 
the buying and selling price, and the 
value of the manure must be consid¬ 
ered, especially if much corn has been 
fed. On cheaper lands, and where pas¬ 
ture is a major factor in the plan of 
feeding, and the cattle, to a certain ex¬ 
tent, are a side issue, there is no ques¬ 
tion about their profitableness. Those 
who own cheap lands within shipping 
distance of the live stock markets of 
Pittsburg, Philadelphia, Baltimore, East 
Buffalo, New York and Boston are in¬ 
deed fortunate, and that such land- 
owners are not living up to their advan¬ 
tages is shown by the fact that large 
numbers of cattle from the Middle 
West go to these markets to supply the 
immense demand there. 
As to marketing the cattle, the small 
'feeder must depend on the local shipper 
to buy his cattle, and right here I will 
say that a little business sense comes in 
good play. The local shipper, if he 
has to, will pay within 75 cents per 100 
of the market price of your grade of 
cattle, but will pay less if you let him. 
The larger feeder with a carload or 
more should have no trouble to sell his 
cattle and he may deal direct with the 
live stock commission houses to advan¬ 
tage. I am not an extensive feeder of 
cattle, but from experience I know that 
a farmer with some good cattle ready 
for market need not hunt a buyer. The 
pictures, Figs. 282, 283 and 284, show 
some beef types of cattle. The three 
great breeds represented, Short-horn, 
Angus and Hereford, are the most 
prominent of all beef cattle. 
Ohio. W. E. DUCKWALL. 
Montana Live Stock.— Groat develop¬ 
ment is taking place throughout the entire 
West, and Montana in particular. Many 
changes in methods are being brought about. 
The day of the great range herds of either 
cattle or sheep has about ended. One of 
the largest operators in sheep told me last 
Fall that the day had already arrived when 
many of the western sheep and cattle must 
necessarily be finished here in the West; 
that with our Alfalfa and grains which we 
can produce in abundance it can easily be 
done, and then again much live stock is 
moving to the Pacific Coast. This Is in¬ 
creasing yearly, hut it is my opinion that 
either the sheepman or cattleman who 
makes a success of this business in the 
future must grow his own stuff, using blood 
to bring the best results; then crowd them 
from the lime they are born until mar¬ 
keted. A friend of mine here in Montana 
is following this plan with cattle, market¬ 
ing about GO per cent of his calves at about 
11 months old, balance at about 21 months, 
and is realizing more per head than the 
range men do for four-year-olds. He cap¬ 
tured three prizes at International this year. 
J. B. L. 
When you write advertisers mention The 
R. N.-Y. and you’ll get a quick reply and 
“a square deal.” See guarantee, page 8. 
rl 
n - THE 
■•V-WIMALS’ 
_ _ ; FRIEND 
Kills every fly It strikes. Keeps &11 insect pests 
off cows inpuBtu re longerthanany imitation. Absolutely 
harmless. Cures all sores. Used by same dairymen 
since 1885. Kills lice and mites. If dealer otters sub¬ 
stitute. send ue $1 for Improved 3-tube Sprayer and en¬ 
ough SHOO-FLY to protect200 cows. Name express of¬ 
fice. $1 returned if cow snot protected. Free booklet 
Shoo- Fly Mfc. Co.. 1317 N. lOtli St.. l’hlla.. Pa. 
KALORAMA 
BERKSHIRES 
A limited number of young sows bred to a grand 
imported boar for March and April farrow. 
Also a tine Jot of fall pigs of the highest quality 
and breeding at very attractive prices. 
CALVIN J. HUSON, Penn Yan,N.Y. 
A Few Gilts For Sale, 
due to farrow between now 
and September 15,1908; also 
Spring pigs of both sexes. 
Write for prices to John 
Good wine Jr.,Potomac, Ver.Co.,III. 
LARGE IMPROVED ENGLISH YORKSHIRES. 
from best Importation. Address 
A. A. BRADLEY, Frewsburg, New York. 
A f f> PIGS, Mar. and April farrow. Mated not 
v * 1 , * akin. Bred sows. All Registered Silver 
Premium Stock. F. J. Schwartz, E. Pharsalia.N.Y 
nUin FARM Berkshire Hogs and Jersey 
UniU Infilll Cattle; stock for sale; always 
on hand. M. L. BENHAM, LeRoy, Ohio. 
DUTCH BELTED CALVES 
Bred and Owned by 
G. G. GIBBS, Marksboro, New Jersey. 
Who has other Dutch Belted Stock for sale. 
Young Calves a Specialty. 
HOLSTEIN-FRIESIANS 
GENIE CI.OTHII.UE, one of the world’s 
official record cows witli 30.05 lbs. butter in seven 
days and 116.45 lbs. butter in thirty days. 
PONTIAC CHIRON, one of the best sons of 
Hengerveld De Kol. Out of a dam with a record of 
25.7 lbs. butter in seven days and with two sisters 
on the dam’s side with records of 26.39 lbs. butter at 
four years and 20.59 lbs. butter at three years of age. 
Bull Calves For Sale. 
W. W. CHENEY, - Manlius, N. Y. 
BULL CALVES^ YOUNG BULLS 
ready for service, that are of good size and individ¬ 
uality. All are from officially tested dams, and are 
sired by Homestead Girl lie Kol’s Sarcastic 
bad. We have sixty daughters of this Bull that 
will be kept in the Herd and officially tested. 
Write for description and prices. 
WOODCREST FARM, 
Rifton, Ulster County, New York. 
The BLOOMINGDALE HERD OF 
HOLSTEIN-FRIESIANS 
are bred for large production. Good size, Strong 
Constitution, Best Individuality. 
If these are the kind you want write or come to 
see them. 125 to select from. Animals of both sexes 
and all ages to offer at prices that will please you. 
A special offer on some nicely bred Bui, I. Calves. 
A. A. OORTKLYOU, Somerville, N. J. 
ALL ABOUT HOLSTEINS 
Send for free illustrated pamphlet describing 
this great breed of cattle. 
J^L^HOUOHTON^^ec^jjBrattleboro^^Vt. 
AYRSHIRE CATTLE OF AVON. 
As I am making arrangements for my next trip to 
Scotland, I have a lew very choice young Imported 
Cows, also Heifers and Hulls from Imported Sires 
and Dams, which 1 will offer at very attractive 
prices in order to make room for my next importa¬ 
tion. Write for prices, etc., or call and seo them. 
W. P. SCHANCK. Avon. New York. 
Sf. Lambert Jerseys 
One Heifer, five months old; three Bulls, three 
to five months old. All solid color. Sire the best 
bred St. Lambert Bull in Pennsylvania. 
J. ALDUS HERR, Lancaster, Penn. 
JERSEY CATTLE, 
BERKSHIRE HOGS, 
R. F. SHANNON. 907 Liberty St.. Pittsburg, Pa« 
POP CAI C-2 Choice Jersey Bulls, 6 and 9 
lUll OI4LC months old. Dams large milkers 
and high testers. From Imported Sire. Oldest one 
fit for service. A. H. Goodrich,Auburn,R.D.3.N.Y. 
CLARION FARM BERKSHIRES. 
Choice individuals all ages iu both sexes, bred 
sows, service boars. Some hog as well as pedigree. 
State your wislxes. prices reasonable considering 
quality and breeding. America’s and England’s 
prize winners and highest priced strains represented 
in our herd, all line bred in respective families. 
Sons and daughters of Lord Premier, Masterpiece, 
Lord Premier’s Rival Sensation, Premier Long¬ 
fellow, Black Robinhood, American bred. Baron 
Kitchener, Supreme Boy, Polgate, and Compton, 
English bred. Service of our herd boars for sale 
on registered sows. Catalogue and text book, post¬ 
age lOcts. Clarion Farm, R. C. 3, Greenwich, Conn. 
Reg. P. Chinas, Berkshires, C. Whites. 
Fine large strains; all ages, mated 
not akin. Bred sows, service Boars, 
Guernsey and Holstein calves. Collie 
Pups, Beagles and Poultry. Write for 
prices & circulars. Hamilton & Co., Middletown,Pa. 
SPRINGBANK HERD 
LARGE BERKSHIRES , 
A fine bunch of Sows coming a year 
old by Grand Premier, No. 80005,bred to Baron Duke 
85th, No. 91215. A son of Premier Longfellow, No. 
68600, Grand Champion at St. Louis in 1904. Booklet 
on application. J. E. WATSON, Marbledale. Conn. 
LOCUST HOME BERKSHIRES 
Direct Premier Longfellow, Lord Premier and 
Masterpiece strains. Young stock for sale. 
S. C. FRENCH, Atwater, N. Y. 
Large Berkshires! 
American and English Breeding. Matings not akin. 
Catalogue on application. 
WILLOUGHBY FARM. Gettysburg, Pa. 
F 
ine Berkshire Pigs farrowed March 23d. Highclere 
Strain $7. Beautiful Collie Puppies $5. $8 and $10. 
Hawthorne Farm, Williamsville, N. Y. 
LARGE BERKSHIRES. 
Most approved breeding. All animals guaranteed 
and registered free of charge. Write for prices. 
H. C. & H. II. Harpending, Dundee, N. Y. 
RARE OPPORTUNITY 
TO SECURE THOROUGHBRED STOCK. 
Lincoln and Hampshire Down Sheep; Chester 
White, Poland China and Berkshire Pigs; Jersey 
Bulls and Heifers; Scotch Collie Dogs. Send 
2-cent stamp for circular. 
EDWARD WALTER. West Chester, Pa. 
GREENWOOD HERD HOLSTEINS. 
Headed by our famous herd null PRINCE YMBA SPOFFORD- whose dam, Yniba 8d*s Pledge Clothilde sold for $6000, has A.R.O* 
record of G43.9 lbs. milk, 30.38 lbs. butter in 7 days, 2C29.3 lbs. milk, 121.34 lbs butter in 30 days, 100.5 lbs. milk in 1 day* 
His Sire’s dam Katy Spofford Corona holds World’s champion Jr. 3 year old record of 590.65 lbs. milk, 26.02 lbs. butter in 7 days* 
Write us your needs in Holsteius or come aud select for yourself, (either secures au honest and satisfactory deal.) 
E. H, KNAPP & SON,.Route 1, FA1IIUS, N. Y. 
