b78 
'i'Hli JKU.K.A.E i\h,\V-VOKKEl< 
Au^i. 
old orchard. I believe that barnyard manure is the 
most economical fertilizer that the ordinary farmer 
can secure, and the one best adapted for use on a 
fruit-growing farm where diversified farming is car¬ 
ried on. A. Y. 
Wayne Co., N. Y. 
NEW SEEDLING PEACHES. 
J. W. Stubenrauch, of Texas—originator of the 
Carman peach—sends specimens of two new seedlings 
—crosses between Elberta and Belle. One of them 
was injured in the mail, hut a picture of the other 
is shown at Fig. riOO. Mr. Stubenrauch writes. 
“I call the one shown here exact Elberta shape as 
we have them here. Both of the trees were over¬ 
loaded, hence the somewhat smaller size. They are 
both freestones as you will perceive. But strange 
to say, many of this combination Elberta x Belle 
are clings, and there is a range of their time of ripen¬ 
ing of over two months. Out of about 75 of these 
seedlings there arc hardly any that are not worth 
standing room. Our last Elbertas were ripe about 
two weeks ago, and these two kinds of which I mail 
you sample, continue the season for three weeks. 
The trees are models of thrift as well as productive¬ 
ness. Owing to floods of rain, and much cloudy 
weather, no peaches of any kind were really 
good with us. all inferior quality. Unfavor¬ 
able weather has produced a good deal of gray 
fungus, gray spots on sunny side of peach, that has a 
tendency to dry up the skin; the first rain that 
comes after the skin cracks, and fruit is spoiled. A 
perfect peach under these conditions is not possible.” 
We call the quality of this peach superior to Elberta. 
ROTATION FOR THE WHEAT CROP. 
Good System in Indiana. 
I use the following two rotations, in order to get 
a good wheat crop: Corn first with clean tillage, 
using all the rough manure I have to spare. In the 
Spring, as soon as dry enough to work—often in 
March—T disk the ground both ways, sowing oats 
broadcast, and disking them in, and seeding to clover. 
I sow one bushel of oats to the acre, and one bushel 
of clover to six acres. The following year I take 
off one crop of clover for hay (cutting it early to 
give the seed crop time to mature), and one crop for 
seed. T then break the ground up. thoroughly pre¬ 
paring it by disking, dragging and harrowing. I 
sow V/ bushel of clean hard wheat, getting if pos¬ 
sible northern grown seed, drilling in with the wheat 
a good grade of fertilizer, at the rate of one ton 
to six or eight acres. The other rotation is the same 
except I break the oat ground without seeding to 
clover. In both rotations I put all the manure I 
have on the poorest spots, in both the oats and wheat, 
before disking or breaking. I use great care in run¬ 
ning dead furrows and ditches in both the oats and 
wheat after sowing, in order to prevent water from 
standing on the ground after the Fall and Spring 
rains, as it is very detrimental. When I follow the 
first rotation I break up the wheat ground the fol¬ 
lowing Spring and plant to corn; when the second 
rotation is followed, I seed the wheat to clover the 
following Spring, take off a crop of hay and seed the 
next season, and the following Spring put the ground 
in corn. Following these rotations for years, I have 
had no failures, but have not had any record-break¬ 
ing crops. I have frequently received a small 
premium over the market price. I attribute that to 
tlie moderate amount of wheat and oats I sow, as 
the light seeding gives the grain a chance to mature 
fully and results in plump hard grain. B. 
Clay Co., Ind. 
In Western New York. 
In western New York there are three crops that 
precede the wheat crop in the regular rotation, i. e., 
barley, oats and beans. The preparation of the 
barley and oat ground for wheat is about the same, 
and is as follows: Immediately upon the removal 
of the barley or oat crop the ground is thoroughly 
plowed, rolled and harrowed, reducing it to a fine, 
compact seed bed, with two or three inches of very 
mellow soil on top, and this is stirred at least once 
a week until September 15, at which time we would 
sow l l / 2 bushel of extra screened and selected wheat 
of a variety that has succeeded in this section, at the 
same time drilling with the grain from 400 to 600 
pounds of phosphate. Much depends upon the chem¬ 
ical condition of the soil, in order to decide just 
what chemicals to use for the wheat crop. If we 
are sure that our ground has a good supply ofl 
humus, we eliminate the nitrogen from the com¬ 
position, and put the nitrogen money into the phos¬ 
phoric acid and potash, making a 10-5 combination 
for our ordinary soils, but increasing the potash to 
10 per cent on sandy soils deficient in potash. If 
humus and therefore nitrogen is lacking we add to 
the above combination sufficient nitrate of soda or 
high-grade blood to make at least three per cent 
nitrogen, and this insures a good growth in the 
Fall to withstand our Winters. Years ago we 
thought that the seeding of the wheat field was not 
complete until we had run a good heavy roller over 
the field after seeding, hut we now practice rolling 
the ground ahead of the drill, leaving the ground 
loose on top. It does not look quite so nice, hut it 
does conserve moisture and assists in holding the 
snow. For the last few years we have not been 
CORNER OF AN OHIO GARDEN. Fig. 307. 
obliged to use the “irap strip” to prevent the ravages 
of the Hessian fly, owing to the absence of the 
enemy. 
If we have stable manure to spare from next 
year’s corn ground, we top-dress with a manure 
spreader any light or poor spots that we know of, 
working the manure well into the ground with the 
Cutaway harrow before seeding. Following the 
above methods we have succeeded in growing from 
30 to 40 bushels of No. 1 wheat per acre, on which it 
is possible to figure a net profit of from $3 to $5 
per acre, and for the reason that the profit is so 
small we have abandoned the growing of wheat for 
the present and use $3.50 per barrel apple and $1.25 
per basket peach money to buy the wheat that is 
used on the farm for poultry and humans. In 
other words let the great Northwest grow the wheat, 
and we will grow and give them the fruit. I admit 
that it is a nice thing to have a large straw stack, 
hut it is getting to he as much of a luxury as the 
automobile, but there is one thing in favor of the 
straw; it does not have the evil smell of the devil- 
wagon. S. W. WADHAMS. 
Monroe Co., N. Y. 
In this locality most of the wheat is grown after 
beans. To have the ground in the best condition for 
the wheat crop the beans must have thorough culti¬ 
vation, and be hoed and weeded so that the ground 
will be mellow and perfectly clean when the bean 
crop is harvested. Beans are usually harvested from 
August 20 to September 20, and all that is necessary 
is to harrow the ground thoroughly with a spring- 
tooth harrow. I usually go over the ground twice 
with a heavy spring-tooth with four horses abreast, 
a.id once with a lighter and finer harrow, and drill 
about two bushels of wheat and about 200 to 250 
pounds of commercial fertilizer analyzing 1—10—S; 
I aim to sow about September 10. Thirty acres put 
i. in this way the Fall of 1906, without any barn¬ 
yard manure, yielded 36 bushels per acre. But the 
wheat which I planted the Fall of 1907, with the 
DOUBLE CROPPING IN A GARDEN. Fig. 308. 
same preparation T don’t think will yield over 20 
bushels per acre. Tt is not thrashed yet. This is 
owing to the season. The weather was unfavorable 
in the Fall, and the Spring too cold, and the wheat 
made very slow growth. The reason that wheat does 
well after beans T attribute to the fact that the 
ground is compact and firm except about three inches 
of the surface, and does not heave, and the plant 
does not seem to winter-kill. J. w. b. 
Genesee Co., N. Y. 
SHEEP ON A DAIRY FARM. 
In common with many of my neighbors I have tried 
keeping sheep on a dairy farm, although not recently. 
Like my neighbors, I have disposed of the sheep. 
While 10 years or so ago, perhaps half of our farmers 
were keeping sheep, at the present time I do not recall 
to mind one who has any sheep at all. Very few have 
turned sheep into the pasture with the cows, and there 
seem to be objections to that method. Many men 
seem to have a desire to go into the sheep business 
now, because there is an impression that less labor 
attaches to it. Perhaps that may be true, but labor 
is required to take good care of sheep. Almost every 
man comes hack to the conclusion that if it were not 
for the danger to the sheep from dogs devastating 
the flock he would start into the sheep business. I 
saw a man the other day who is general manager for 
a large business concern, and who has been studying 
the proposition of buying some of our cheap lands 
at $6 to $10 an acre and stocking it with sheep. He 
would put a dog-proof fence around the whole farm 
as a starter. The dog question seems to he the chief 
matter, whether one speaks of keeping a few sheep 
on a dairy farm, or many sheep on a ranch. Where 
the dairyman keeps sheep, or wishes to do so, he will 
usually keep them in a separate pasture and will house 
them separately from the cows, although not neces¬ 
sarily in a different barn. There ought to he a little 
money in sheep unless there are more losses than 
usual from the depredations of dogs. H. h. lyon. 
Chenango Co., N. Y. 
GARDEN NOTES FROM OHIO. 
Planning a Succession. 
It is an object with all suburban gardeners and 
with others also, especially with those who have rich 
and well cultivated garden plots, to grow a succession 
of crops on the same piece of ground. The success 
of such cropping depends upon the skill of the gar¬ 
dener, and largely upon the season, for if a drought 
be encountered, some of the crops will be likely io 
fail. Near our place resides a physician, who is a 
specialist of some note, and who finds time to care 
for his lawn and garden, and in the garden he takes 
quite a lot of interest. The garden and lawn are of 
the usual size common in the suburbs of small 
towns, and not being blessed with much avoirdupois, 
Dr. Nelson, it would seem, would have a strenuous 
time to care for all the work needing to be done, 
but a hand plow in the garden enables him to care 
for the garden easily with a minimum of labor. 
Beans, peas, corn, tomatoes, potatoes, etc., are grown 
in plentiful supply for home use, and as fast as a plot 
is cleared of one vegetable it is planted to another, 
for succession. Our season having been wet and cold 
at first and rather dry later, the late corn following 
early potatoes will not he as successful as usual, 
hut the watermelons, following early onions, are now, 
August 5, already a success, as a look at Fig. 308 will 
show. The plot of ground is about 10x30 feet and 
the onions having made a good growth, a generous 
supply of onions was harvested. Early in June, quite 
a while before the onions were ready to gather, 
several hills of Cole's Earl} watermelons were 
planted, and Fig. 308, taken August 5, shows that the 
vines have made a good growth, and besides the 
melon shown in the doctor's hand, we counted quite 
a number of others, some of which were nearly ripe. 
Not far from the watermelons some late peas were 
planted a short time ago, but unless there is a very 
material change in our weather the peas will most 
certainly make a total failure. 
In my own garden I sometimes plant a second 
crop with success, hut as I did not get the garden 
plowed ibis year till May II, owing to the wet 
weather, 1 can work in no second crop, and in order 
to have some late corn I left a space unplanted. 
The two rows of small corn shown in Fig. 307 were 
planted June 27, while the next two rows were 
planted two weeks earlier, and those at the extreme 
left were planted a month earlier. The hot dry 
weather is preventing a good growth of this corn, hut 
yesterday, August 4, we had about three-quarters 
inch of rain and our hopes are going up again. At 
the right of the picture, Fig. 307, is a row of Ford- 
brock squash vines that are making a good growth 
and encouraging us to hope for some pies next Win¬ 
ter. Our first planting of Grecnpod bush beans was 
made May 14 and gave us the first picking July 4, 
and the Golden Bantam corn and Yellow Bush 
squashes, planted May 14, were ready for use about 
July 15, and are now, August 5, too mature to use. 
Though the busy professional or business man should 
not overburden himself with manual labor, yet he will 
find some pleasant work, such as the care of a small 
garden, a grateful change from the exactions of his 
regular occupation, and more like play than work. 
N . W. F.. 'DECKWALL. 
