1908 . 
THE RURAL NEW-YORKER 
751 
Hope Farm Notes 
Farm Notes. —On August 8 we seeded 
the first Crimson clover and Cow-horn 
turnips in the corn. By September 12 
the best of the turnips were eight inches 
above ground and nearly five inches be¬ 
low. On part of the field we mixed 
rape seed with the turnips, and it is 
making a strong growth. I am con¬ 
fident that by October 1 the clover and 
turnips will have more than paid for 
the seed and labor. What we get after 
that will be’ gain. ... I am not 
sure what the custom is about cultivat¬ 
ing late cabbage where the crop is 
grown on a large scale, but we shall 
keep the cultivators running shallow all 
through September at least. I have 
been told that the crop should not be 
cultivated after it begins to head up. 
The reason given is that this culture 
starts leaf production and holds up the 
heading. I doubt it—at any rate we are 
still cultivating. ... I know, how¬ 
ever, that with some crops this late cul¬ 
ture will not pay. For example, our 
peppers this year were planted on very 
rich ground. We gave it a very heavy 
coat of manure and a good dressing of 
slag. The peppers went in just at the 
right time, when the ground was moist. 
We jjave thorough culture and the 
plants made an enormous growth. They 
“ran to vine” the more we cultivated 
them, and produced very little fruit. I 
concluded wc were overdoing the cul¬ 
ture and let them alone. The crab grass 
came in with other weeds, but the pep¬ 
pers quit stretching themselves and be¬ 
gan to make fruit. This is the theory 
upon which the orchard cultivators 
work. High culture until a large wood 
growth has been made—then a cover 
crop or weeds which stops further 
growth of the trees and permits the new 
wood to harden. ... I find that we 
made a mistake planting so many pep¬ 
pers this year. The crop is heavy, but 
prices have gone all to pieces. I have 
never known them so low at this sea¬ 
son. If we had planted potatoes instead 
of peppers and given them as good care 
we would be $50 better off at least. . 
. . I said last week that the boys are 
taking potatoes at the rate of $200 per 
acre from their small patches. Several 
parties ask how they did it. One took 
a hard piece of ground near one of the 
barns, where fodder corn followed peas 
last year. I have told the boys that 
the first principle for growing potatoes 
is to have an open soil—either naturally 
loose or made so by vegetable matter. 
The boy put a coat of cow manure on 
that ground and also some old straw 
which had been used for bedding. I do 
not like to use manure for potatoes, but 
the boy took the risk of scab on the 
crop. We plowed it as deep as Bob 
and Jerry could pull the plow, and har¬ 
rowed several times with the Acme. The 
boy was not satisfied with this, so he 
took a cultivator and worked it back 
and forth until the lumps were broken 
up. He opened furrows or drills with 
a wheel cultivator. Good-sized tubers 
of Carman and Green Mountain were 
cut to two-eye pieces and planted about 
15 inches apart in the drills. They were 
well coated with powdered sulphur to 
prevent rotting and keep off scab. They 
were cultivated with a horse five times 
and hand-hoed twice—the ground being 
kept open and loose. To prevent blight, 
dry Bordeaux and Paris-green were 
dusted on the vines. Two large crab 
trees at one side of the patch evidently 
cut down the yield somewhat. 
The other boy had a much larger 
patch and a tougher proposition. Last 
year we mowed off blackberry bushes 
after fruiting, ripped up the ground and 
seeded rye and Crimson clover. This 
Spring we pastured off this patch by 
staking cows on it. Any gardener will 
know how rough such a place was after 
blackberries. I had intended to plant 
strawberries there, but I realized in 
time how hard it would be to keep them 
clean. Instead of using the turning 
plow we took the large disk and tore 
the old sod up. This left much of the 
grass at the surface, and the boy was at 
first discouraged. I told him how much 
better it is to have the enemy in sight 
where you can hit him. So he finally 
picked up stones and worked that patch 
with spring-tooth and cultivator, and 
planted about as the other boy did. 
They were cultivated and hand-hoed. 
The yield is larger on this rough patch 
than on the other, and some of the vines 
will grow until frost. The small boy 
used in addition to the manure a fer¬ 
tilizer wiih about two per cent of nitro¬ 
gen—the ether used potato fertilizer 
containing fu ir per cent. 
Now, if a Loy can get such returns 
on a small area, why can’t I get a like 
proportion on an acre? I am going to 
find out. I have a field where Japanese 
millet grew this year. I shall give it a 
coat of manure, plow it under and sow 
rye. Early in the Spring this will go 
under and be rolled down. Then we can 
plant potatoes—using a heavy dose of 
fertilizer. I realize as never before the 
necessity for an open soil well stuffed 
with organic matter. 
What do these boys do with their 
money? That’s a good question, for 
after all character is determined as 
much by what we do with our earnings 
as by the way we get them. One of 
these boys will invest his money in a 
bicycle. The other will buy some 
clothes, lay aside some for a dentist’s 
bill, and put the rest in a savings bank. 
These boys will have no money except 
what they earn. ... I spent most 
of the afternoon of Labor Day riding 
an Acme harrow at the top of our hill. 
There are no springs on an Acme—you 
follow the exact line of the surface soil 
—rocks and all. That is why the tool 
does such good work. The soil is well 
stirred up and the rider is well shaken 
down. We tried to get a good clover 
seeding in one of the young orchards, 
but the growth in part of the soil was 
too feeble. So we took the disk plow 
and chopped up the ground between 
the rows of trees. This disk does not 
turn the sod upside down, leaving the 
bottom of the furrow on top, but leaves 
a rough surface with small pieces of 
sod. Two or three workings with 
spring-tooth and Acme tear it up fit for 
rye seeding. I put on the seed by hand, 
sowing thickly, as this rye is to be cut 
for grain. We cover with the Acme 
with the teeth set so as to work as 
level as possible. It was a glorious day 
and a glorious opportunity to be high 
in the air looking off across the valley. 
There are some clergymen in the world 
who would be benefited by riding an 
Acme over the rocks on this field. That 
is, provided they were able to stand in 
their pulpits after their rough ride, and 
provided also they got the true signifi¬ 
cance of what this rye seeding means. 
I would like to have them realize just 
what rye stands for among grains. It 
is a tough, hardy grain—with less of 
what we may call “quality” than any 
other. Yet it will stand rougher treat¬ 
ment and grow under conditions which 
would thoroughly discourage wheat, 
oats, barley or corn. If I were to at¬ 
tempt to seed wheat as we seed this rye 
more than half the crop would be 
thrown out in the Spring. Cut when it 
is tender and green the rye will give far 
more forage than other small grains 
and. give it earlier. It is also the best 
grain I know of with which to seed 
clover. A clergyman riding on the 
Acme and realizing what he was doing 
might have a new significance of the 
text thumped into him. 
“And some fell upon stony ground!” 
He would go on and point out that 
rye, even on such ground, needed only a 
scratch of soil over it to grow up and 
do its full duty. So with a man thrown 
out against hard conditions and serious 
handicap “upon stony ground”—if he 
have the real, enduring stuff in him— 
like the rye—he will take root and do 
his duty. And what is this “enduring 
stuff?” Mother and I were talking the 
other day of families we knew in which 
one member—usually a girl—has risen 
above the rest and become a strong 
leader and helper. She claims that 
when you find such a character you will 
also find that conscience or moral power 
was what drove him to take root on 
stony ground and rise up to duty. 
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WITH AN 
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(Incorporated) 
