B I N 
BINGE, a town of France, in the department of the 
CSte d’Or, and chief place of a canton, in the diftribt of 
Dijon : ten miles eafl of Dijon. 
BIN'GEN, a town of Germany, in the circle of the 
Lower Rhine, and electorate of Mentz, fituated at the 
conflux of the Nahe and the Rhine. The town is very 
ancient, and was once Imperial. The fortifications were 
deftroyed by Louis XIV. in 1689. Bingen was taken by 
the French in the year 1792, and re-taken by the Prufiians 
the following year ; but was again taken by the French, in 
the month of Odlober, 1794; they were driven from it 
in the year J795 ; and re-entered in the month of June, 
1796. The Rhine is here compreiTed into a narrow chan¬ 
nel, barely admitting a practicable padage between rocks 
on either fide. This ftrait is called Bingeriloch. Near Bin¬ 
gen is an ifland on the Rhine, called Maufthurn , or Tower 
of Rats ; from a tradition, that an archbilhop of Mentz 
was devoured there by thefe animals in the tenth century, 
as a judgment on him for his cruelty to the poor, whom 
he compared to rats eating up the fubftance of the rich : 
nineteen miles weft of Mentz, thirty fouth of Coblentz, 
and fifty-four eafl: of Treves. Lat. 49. 57. N. Ion. 25. 19. 
E. Ferro. 
BIN'GENHEIM, a town of Germany, in the circle of 
the Upper Rhine, and principality of HeflTe : twelve miles 
fouth-fouth-eaft of Gieflen, and fixteen north-north-eafl of 
Franckfort on the Mayne. 
BING'HAM (Jofeph), a learned divine, born at Wake¬ 
field in Yorkfhire, in 1668, educated at Univerfity college 
in Oxford, and afterwards prefented by John Radcliffe, 
M. D. to the redtory of Headbourn-worthy, near Win- 
chefter. In this country retirement he began his learned 
and laborious work, Grigines Ecclefiajlica. \ or The Antiqui¬ 
ties of the Chriftian Church. The firft volume of which 
was publifhed in 1708, and it was completed afterwards in 
nine volumes more. He publifhed alfo feveral other books. 
But, notwithftanding his great learning and merit, he had 
no other preferment than that of Headbourn-worthy till 
the year 1712, when he was collated to the redlory of 
Havant, near Portfmouth, by Sir Jonathan Trelawney, 
bifhop of Winchefter, to whom he dedicated feveral of his 
books. He died Auguft 17th, 1723, in the fifty-fifth year 
of his age, and was buried in the church-yard of Head¬ 
bourn-worthy. 
BING'HAM, a market town in Nottinghamshire, fitu¬ 
ated in the centre of the fertile vale of Belvoir, 122 miles 
from London, nine miles eafl of Nottingham, fourteen 
weft of Grantham, fourteen north of Melton Mowbray, 
and eleven fouth of Newark-upon-Trent. It w as formerly 
much larger than at prefent, as Thorofon, in his Hiftory 
of Nottinghamfhire, makes mention of three chapels, ex- 
clulive of the prefent parifh-church, which is a large hand- 
fome Gothic building, particularly the chancel, which is 
very fpacious and beautiful ; it was formerly collegiate. 
The king’s arms over the fine arch which feparates the 
church and chancel are of plafter-work, exceedingly ele¬ 
gant, and efteemed a great curiolity. On the fouth aide, 
near the veftry, is a plain ftone, inferabed to the memory 
of Mr. Robert White, mathematician, and author ofan an¬ 
nual afltonomical work, called The Coeleftial Atlas, or New 
Ephetneris; this celebrated aftronomer was a native of this 
place, and lived moft of his time here : he died June 3, 
1773, at the advanced age of eighty, and was buried near to 
the place where the above ftone is eredled. The fteeple, 
which confifts of a tower and fpire, is more than forty yards 
high, and remarkably ftrong built. The rectory of Bing¬ 
ham is efteemed one of the moft valuable in the county of 
Nottingham, being worth about 700I. per ann. and is in 
the gift of Lord Chefterfield, who is lord of the manor. 
Several of its former redlors have been made hilltops : 
Thoroton mentions three fucceffively, of the names of Ab- 
bet, Hanmer, and Wren. The market is held weekly on 
Thurfdays: and there are three fairs, viz. February 13th 
and 14th, for black cattle ; Thurfday in Whitlun-week ; 
and November 8th and 9th, chiefly for foals and hogs: 
there is alfo a fliow of ftallions on Eafler-Thurfday; and a 
very large ftatute for hiring fervants, the laft Thurfday in 
Odlober. Bingham gives name to one of the eight hun¬ 
dreds, or wapetakes, in Nottinghamfhire, which is divided 
into two divi(ions, called the North and South. 
BIN'GIUM, anciently a town of tile Vangiones in Gal- 
licia Belgica, feated at the confluence of the Nave and 
the Rhine, now Bingen. 
BIN'GO, a fmall country of Japan. 
BIN'GUM, a town of Germany, in the circle of Vv r eft- 
phalia, and country of Eafl Friefland, one mile north-weft 
of Ort. 
BINIESZ'SKY, a town of Lithuania, in the palatinate 
of Wilna : forty-four miles fouth-eaft of Wilna. 
BINNA'RIUM, f. in old records, a pond or flew for 
keeping or breeding fifli. 
BIN'NIGUET, a fmall ifland near the weft coaft of 
France, about a league fouth-weft of Le Conquet, and 
three-quarters weft of St. Matthew’s Point. Lat.48. 19, 
N. Ion. 18. 51. E. Ferro. 
BIN'NING (Hugh), was born in the ihire of Air, in 
1625, and educated in the univerfity of Glafgow, where 
he took his degrees, and was fome years profeflbr of mo¬ 
ral philofophy, as then taught in the lchools. His talents 
were extremely popular, and, after he had preached fome 
time as a probationer, he was defied minifter of Govan, 
near Glafgow. In his minifterial condufl and character 
few excelled him, and the fweetnefs of his temper was 
fuch, that all feemed to know his worth but himfelf. His 
mediant labours brought on a confumption, which put ;i 
period to his life at Govan, in 1654, aged twenty-nine- 
His trails, fermons, and commentaries on the epiftle to 
the Romans, were publifhed feparately ; but they have 
been fince collected into one volume quarto, and printed 
at Edinburgh, in 1735. 
Bl'NOCLE,/ or Binocular Telescope, is one by 
which an object is viewed with both eyes at the lame time. 
It confifts of two tubes, each furniflie’d with glades of the 
fame power, by which means it has been faid to fhew ob¬ 
jects larger and more clearly than a monocular or lingle 
telefcope ; though this is probably an illulion, occafioned 
by the Itronger impreflion which two equal images, alike 
illuminated, make upon the eyes; and they have been 
found more embarrailing than ufeful in pradice. This 
telefcope has been chiefly treated of by the fathers Reita 
and Cherubin, of Orleans. There are alfo microfcopes of 
the fame kind, though but little ufed ; being lubjeft to 
the fame inconveniences as the telefcopes. 
BINO'CULAR, adj. [from binus and oculus. ] Having 
two eyes.—Moft animals are binocular , fpiders for the moil 
part oftonocular, and fome fenoc.ular. Derham. 
BINO'CULUS, f [from binus,, double, and oculus, the 
eye.] A bandage for fe'ct 1 ring the dreftingson both eyes. 
B INO'MI ALS, f. in algebra. See Algebra. 
BINO'MINOUS, adj. [from binus and nomen , Lat.] Ha- 
ving two names. 
BINT'SCHAY, a town of Bohemia, in the circle of 
Boleftaw : (even miles north-eaft of Turnau. 
BIN'WY-HEAD, a cape of Ireland, on the north-weft 
coaft of the county of Mayo. Lat. 54. 20. N. Ion. 9. 36. 
W. Greenwich. 
BIO'BIO, a river of South America, in the country ol 
Chili, which runs into the Pacific Ocean. Lat. 37. S. 
Ion. 55. 42. W. Ferro. 
BIOERN'STAHL, born at Rofarbo in Sudermania, 
in a condition not much above indigence, became tutor 
to the children of baron Rucibeck, and travelled over a 
great part of Europe with his pupils. On his return he 
was appointed afliftant profeflbr of the oriental languages 
at Upfal, profefTor of philofophy in 1776, and profeflbr 
of the Oriental and Greek languages in 1779, at Lunden. 
Having undertaken a voyage to Turkey, by order of his 
fovereign, the king of Sweden, he died at Salonica, the 
12th of July, 1779. We have by him, letters written du¬ 
ring the courfe of his travels, in SwediEi, tranilated into. 
German, 
