6 B I M 
parts in the Spanifh Weft Indies. Another kind, called 
the porcupitie bezoar, or gall-lione, is found in the-gall-blnd- 
der of an Indian porcupine, 'particularly in the province 
of Malacca ; it is of aroundilli figure, and of a pale or 
purpli/h colour, lometimes betwixt a green and white ; 
it is loft, fmooth, and Hippery, to the touch ; to the tafte 
it is intenfeiy. bitter, and the water in which it is fteeped 
loon becomes bitter alio. It does hot appear to differ 
from the biliary concretions of an ox or any other animal. 
It is rather to be called an asgagropiki than a ftone, as it 
confifts of wooily fibres and a bitter friable matter, having 
neither laminae nor membranes. The lapis fimiie, or b*j- 
zoar of the monkey, are found in the ftomach of certain 
monkeys in Brazil, and the Eaft Indies, but which very 
rarely produce them. They are about the fize of hazel 
nuts, harder than the Oriental bezoar, of a dark green 
colour almoft black. The fc arc icy renders them coftlv, 
and they are rarely to be met with. The follile bezoar, 
is a fmall hollow body from Italy, found in land and clay 
pits, of a purple colour, with a rough furface, the fize of 
a walnut, and light. When broken, it is found to be an 
irony cruft, containing in its hollow a fine greenilh white 
earth refembling pale bezoar. The earth is ufed, and not 
the (hells. It {'cents to be of the nature of bole armoniac. 
This is alfo called mineral bezoar, and Sicilian earth. They 
leem chiefly to be a Ipecies of calcareous earth. See Ed¬ 
wards' Elements of Fofilogy. Notwithftanding all their 
boafted virtues, it is certain that they are abfolntely indi- 
geftible in tine ftomachs of the animals in which they are 
found ; and they are equally fo in the human, except 
when accompanied with an acid ; fo that in medicine, no 
more can be expended from thefe concretes, than front any 
of the teftacea that are foluble in acids ; but they are in¬ 
ferior to them, being far lefs abforbent titan they, and with 
more difficulty aided on by any acid of either the animal 
or vegetable kinds. The calculus humanus, or ftone of the 
human bladder, can have no pretenfions to the virtues of 
the true bezoar, though it has been tiled in the place of 
other more coftly forts. A powder of the liver and heart of 
vipers, is called animal bezoar. The bovinus, is a ftone 
found in the gall-bladder of a bull. All the bezoars are 
now very properly expunged from the materia; medica. 
BEZOAR'DIC, adj. Medicines compounded with be¬ 
zoar.—The bezoardics are necelfary to promote fweat, and 
drive forth putrified particles, l'loyer .—Such was the opi¬ 
nion of the ancients refpeiding the virtues of bezoar, that 
phylicians held it as a medicine highly efficacious in a vaft 
variety of cafes, belides poifon, and placed very great de¬ 
pendence on its powers ; therefore all medicines iuppofed 
to polfefs fimilar virtues, were termed bezoardics. 
BE' 7 . 0 UT (Stephen), of the academy of Cciences in 
Paris, examiner of marines, and of the pupils of artillery, 
was born at Nemours, March 31, 1730; and died at Paris, 
Sept. 27, 1783. He is chiefly known by his Courfe of 
Mathematics, 4 vols. Svo. confpicuous for its method and 
precifion. He publilhed alio a Treatife of Navigation, 
11769, Svo. which is a fort of continuation of the foregoing 
work. The author was zealotilly attached to the duties 
of his office/ Being obliged to hold yn examination at 
Toulon, he heard that tw o of his pupils were attacked by 
the fmall pox, which di(order he had never had. He 
difmiffed all fear of catching It; and, in order not to de¬ 
prive the young men of a year’s advancement, went and 
examined them in their bed. 
BEZ'ZAM A MARCEL'LA, a town of Italy, in the 
kingdom of Naples, and country of Otranto : ten miles 
north-eaft of Tarento. 
Bl'A , f. A name given by the Siamefe to the fhel-ls 
called cowries, for which lee Conchology. 
BIZE'UM, f. [(Siaiov, Gr.] In rhetoric, a kind of coun¬ 
ter-argument, whereby fomething alleged for the adver- 
fary is retorted againft him, and made to conclude a diffe¬ 
rent way : for inftance, Occidijli, quia adfritifii interfecio. 
Biaiov. hnmo quia adjliti interfcElo , non occidv ; nam Ji id eJJit, 
in fugarti me conjedjfem. “ You killed the perfon, becaufe 
- B I A 
_ydti were found-Handing bv his body. Biaum, Rather, I 
did not kill him, becaufe'I was found (landing by his bo¬ 
dy; lince, in the other cafe, I fhould have run away,” 
BizEum, in the Grecian laws, was an attion brought 
againft thole who ravilhed women, or uled violence to any 
man’s perfon. 
BIA'FARA, a country.of Africa, lying to the fouth- 
eaft of Benin, with a capital of the lame name. Lat. 6. 
N . Ion. 30. E. Ferro. 
BfAFO'RA,- f. in the cuftoms of the middle age, a 
form of cry or call to arms ; on the hearing of which, the 
inhabitants of towns or villages were to ili’ue forth, and 
attend their prince. The word feems originally from Gaf- 
cony; and the Italians even now, on a hidden infurreclion 
of tlie people, commonly cry, Ha-fora, by an tilual change 
of the letter B into V. 
B 1 ALACERKIEW', a town of Poland in the Ukrain; 
fixty miles louth-fouth-weft of Kiov. 
BI ALAGROD'KO, a town of Poland, in the palati¬ 
nate of Volhynia ; twentv-eight miles north-north-weft of 
Conftantinov. 
B I AI.KGROD'KO, a town of Poland, in the palati¬ 
nate of Kiov ; fourteen.miles fouth-iveft of Kiov. 
BIAL'LA, a town of Lithuania, in the palatinate of 
Brzefkie; lixreen miles lomh-weft of Brzelk. 
BIAI.OBO'KY, a town of Poland, fn the palatinate of 
Lemberg; forty-eight miles fouth-well of Lemberg. 
B 1 ALOGOROD', a town of Litlmania, in the palati¬ 
nate ofWilna ; eight miles fouth-eaft of Lida. 
BIAN'CA (La), a town of Italy, in the kingdom of 
Naples, and province of Calabria Ultra ; twelve miles 
north-eaft of Bova. 
BlAN'CHl (Frnncefco), called II Frari, an eminent 
painter, was born at Modena, and had the honour of being 
mailer to one of the 1110ft eftcemed painters that ever ap¬ 
peared, Antonio Correggio. His colouring was delicately 
fine; his attitudes full of grace; and his invention ex¬ 
tremely grand. His works had an aftonifhing beauty, and 
are prized as highly as even thole of Correggio. lie died 
in ij:o. 
BIANCHl'NI (Francis), born at Verona, Dec. 13, 1662, 
of a family of diftinctionp gained great reputation by the 
eftablilhitrent of the academy of the Aletofili, i. c. the lo¬ 
vers of truth. This ibciety, eipecially devoted to mathe¬ 
matical and phylicai lubjedls, was much benefited by t,!>e 
(Indies of its founder. Cardinal Ottoboivi, afterwards pope 
under the name of Alexander VIII. made, him his libra,, 
rian. He was fecrerary to the conferences on t'he refor¬ 
mation of the calendar; to which place he was nominated 
by Clement XI. In 1703 the fenate incorporated him with 
the Roman nobleHe ; an honour attached to his family and 
all their defeendants. He died March 2, 1729, at the age 
of lixty-feven,. member of feveral academies. For eight 
years lie had been employed in making obfervations tor 
enabling him to, trace a meridian for Italy. The citizens 
of Verona, after his death, fet up a buft of him in their 
cathedral. The public have by Bianchini, 1. Palazzo dl 
Cefari ; Verona, 1738, folio, cum fig. 2. lnfcrizzioni'Se- 
polcrali della Cafadi Augufla; Rome, 1727, tolio. Thefe 
two works are evident teftimonies of his (kill in antiquities. 
3. An edition of Anaflalius Bibliothecarius, 1718, 4,vols. 
fol'o. 4. Pieces of poetry and eloquence. 5. An unive.r- 
fai' Hiftory, in Italian; printed at Rome, in quarto, 1697, 
wi'.h- plates, It is held in high elteem, becaufe the author 
relts iolely on the genuine monuments of antiquity. He 
was an univerlal fcholar. Care mult be taken not to con¬ 
found him with Jofeph Bianchini, likewile of Verona, an 
orator of Rome, who wrote againft the Bellum Papule of 
Thomas James, His anfvver is to be found in the collec¬ 
tion intituled Vindiciae Canonicarum Scripturarum Vul- 
gatae edit. Rome, 1740, folio. 
BIANDRA'TE, a town of Piedmont, in the Novarefe; 
fix miles north-well of Novara. 
BIANDRO'NA, a town of Italy, in the duchy of Mi¬ 
lan ; fifteen miles weft-fouth-weft of Como. 
BIAN'- 
