68 
B 1 S 
T!ie archbilhoprics.in Ireland are, Armagh, Dublin, 
Cafliell, and Tuam. The bifiioprics are, Cipgher, Clon- 
fert, Cloyne, Cork, Derry, Down, Dromore, Elphin, Kil¬ 
dare, Kiliala, Kilmore, Killaloe, Leighlin, Linieric, Meath, 
Offory, Raphoe, and Waterford. The bifhoprics of Eng¬ 
land and Wales were inftitutea according to the following 
order of time, viz. London ; an archbifhopric and me¬ 
tropolitan of Enghmd, founded by Lucius, the firft Chri- 
llian king of Britain, A. D. 185. Landalf, 185. Bangor, 
516. St. David’s, 519, (the archbifhopric of Wales from 
550 till 1100, when the bifltop fubmitted to the archbifhop 
of Canterbury as his metropolitan.) St. Afaph’s, 547. 
St. Auiguftin, or Auftin, made Canterbury the metropoli¬ 
tan archbifnopric by order of pope Gregory, A. D. 596. 
Wells, 604. Rochefter, 604. Winchefter, 650. Litch¬ 
field and Coventry, 656. Worcefter, 679. Hereford, 680. 
Durham, 690. Sodor and Man, (with jurifdiCtion of the 
Hebrides in Scotland,) 838. Exeter, 1050. Sherborne, 
(changed to Salifburv,) 1036. York, archbifhopric, 1067. 
Dorchefler, (changed to Lincoln,) 1070. Chichefler, 1071. 
Thetford, (changed to Norwich,) 1088. Bath and Wells, 
1088. Ely, 1109. Carlifle, 1133. The following fix were 
founded upon the fuppreffion of the monafteries by Henry 
VIII. viz. Chefler, Peterborough, Gloucefter, Oxford, 
Briftol, and Weftniinfter, in 1538. Wcftminfter was united 
to London in 1550. See Tanner's NolitJa Monajlica. 
BI'SHOP’s AUCKLAND. See Auckland. 
Bl'SHOP’s CASTLE, a market town in Shropfhire, 
forty miles from Worcefter, eight from Montgomery, and 
153 from London. It is a fmall town on the river Clun, 
but an old corporation ; it has the privilege of choofing 
members of parliament, to which it made the firft return 
in the 27th of Elizabeth. The corporation confifts of a 
bailiff, recorder, and fifteen aldermen. Its market, on 
Fridays, is noted for cattle, and all forts of commodities, 
and much frequented by the Wei fit, as are its fairs. Tts 
caftle, formerly the relidence of itsbifiiops, from whence 
it was named, is totally deltroyed, but the town is in a 
flourifhing (date. Not far from Bilhop’s Caftle is a noted 
place called Bifhopfmott, where is an acre of ground fur- 
rounded with an intrenchment. Its fairs are the Friday 
before February 13; Friday before Good Friday; the 
firft Friday after May-day; July 5; September 9 ; and 
November 13 ; the days preceding the three laft are for 
Bleep and pigs. It is diftantfrom Ludlow feventeen miles, 
Shrewlbury twenty, Welch Pool feventeen, Montgomery 
eight, and 132 from London. 
About three miles from Bifhop’s Caftle, is Walcot, the 
feat of the Right Hon. Lord Clive ; near which, on the 
right, is an old encampment called the Bury Ditches, 
which commands a moft extenlive profpeCt. 
BI'SHOP’s COURT, an eccleliaftical court, held in 
the cathedral of each diocefe, the judge whereof is the 
bilhop’s chancellor, who judges by the civil and canon law ; 
and, if the diocefe be large, he has his commiffaries in re¬ 
mote parts, who hold what they call confijlory courts, for 
matters limited to them by their commiffion. 
BI'SHOP’s. ISLAND, a fmall ifland in the Atlantic, 
near the weft coaft of Ireland, and county of Clare. Lat. 
52. 38. N. Lat. 9. 33. W. Greenwich. 
BI'SHOP’s STORTFORD, a market town in Hert- 
fordfhire, fituate at the extremity of the county, adjoin¬ 
ing Elfex, in the centre of a corn country, thirty miles 
from London, twenty-fix from Cambridge, and thirty- 
one from Newmarket. The road divides about half a 
mile above the town, one going through Hockrill, the 
other through Stortford ; they join again about the fame 
diftance below the town. Bilhop’s Stortford and Hockrill 
are both fituate on a rifing ground, with the wharf 01- 
quay between them in the valley, where a number of 
vvarehoufes are- erected for the reception of all kinds of 
grain, but principally for malt. On the north fide of the 
road leading from Hockrill to Stortford, upon an artificial 
hill, are the remains.of a caftle built in the time of Wil¬ 
liam the Conqueror, which was originally called Wayt- 
B I S 
more-cafile, now only Caftle-hill. At that time a prifon 
ftood at the bottom of the hill, and the rents of certain 
lands were given to the fupport of it. William the Con¬ 
queror afterwards gave it to the Bifliop of London, from 
whence tlie place took its name. The caftle and prifon 
were both demolilhed by king John for the offence of the 
then bifltop, who was one of thofe who publiftted the 
pope’s interdiCl againft the Engliftt nation. The town it- 
lelf is built in the form of a crofs, the two principal fireets 
crofting each other at right angles. No particular manu¬ 
factory is carried on here ; the ftaple commodity is malt, 
of which large quantities are made. The market is held 
on Thurfdays, and is very confiderable for all kinds of 
grain. There are three fairs in the year, the principal 
one on the 10th of October ; the fummer fairs are, one 
nine days before Whitfuntide, the other nine days after, 
and are principally for horfes and horned cattle. The 
navigation was brought here in 1779, from which time 
the trade and commerce of the town have been daily in- 
creafing. The number of inhabitants is about 3000, of 
which the dilfenters form a confiderable part. The church, 
dedicated to St.-Michael, is lofty and handfome. There 
are nine flails on a fide for a choir. On the north fide of 
the church is a gallery for the young gentlemen of the 
fchool; upon it is Sir John Hobart’s arms, (firft earl of 
Buckinghamfhire of that family,) w ho was educated here, 
and a great benefactor to this work. It is obfervable, that 
there was an organ in this church fo long ago as the reign 
of Henry VII. Several benefa&ions are beftovved on the 
poor, particularly two alms-houfes; but the greateft orna¬ 
ment of the town is the fchool, built by contribution of 
the gentlemen of Hertfordlhire and Effex. Fladham Par- 
va, the noted burial-place of the Capels, earls of Elfex, 
Hands a little to the north of Bifhop’s Stortford. 
BI'SHOP’s WALTHAM, a town in the county of 
Hants, where the bifhops of Winchefter formerly had a 
palace, which was deftroyed by the republican party under 
Oliver Cromwell, the ruins of which ftill occupy a large 
extent of ground. The church is a neat ftruchire, and here 
is a good free-fchool, well endowed. It has a weekly 
market on Friday ; and three fairs, viz. fecond Friday in 
May, July 30, and Friday after OCtober 10. It is ten 
miles fouth-fouth-eaft of Winchefter, and fixty-five weft, 
fouth-vveft of London. 
BI'SHOP’s WEED. See Ammi. 
BI'SI (Bonaventura), a celebrated miniature painter, 
born at Bologna, and a difciple of Lucio Maffari. His 
lole delight was in miniature painting, and in that way he 
arrived at great excellence, inftead of working from his 
own original defign, he employed himfelf to imitate, in 
fmall fize, the pictures of Guido, Correggio, Titian, and 
other great mafters, and thofe he finilhed with aftonifhing 
grace, neatnefs, and beauty. A great number of the 
works of this mafter are in the duke’s gallery at Modena, . 
and are highly valued. He died in 1662. 
BISIGN A'NO, a town of Italy, in the kingdom of Na¬ 
ples, and province of Calabria Citra, fituated on a hill, 
near the river Cotila ; furrounded on all fides by lofty 
mountains, and defended by a ftrong fortrefs. It is the 
fee of a bilhop, fuffragan of Rolfano ; fixteen miles welt- 
fouth-weft of Rolfano, and fourteen north of Cofenza. 
BISK, or Bisque,/, in cookery, a rich fort of broth 
or foup, made of pigeons, chickens, force-meat, mutton- 
gravy, and other ingredients. The word is French, form¬ 
ed from bifcoEla ; becaufe the bifque, confiding of a diver- 
fity of ingredients, need feveral repeated coCtions to bring 
it to perfection. There is alfo a dcmi-bifque, in which 
only half the ingredients are ufed; and a bifque of filh, 
made of carps, minced with their roes, and lobfters. 
BISKET. See Biscuit. 
BIS'LAN, a town of Egypt, on the Nile, three miles 
feuth of Damietta, 
BIS'LEY, a pleafant town in Gloucefterfhire, in which 
the broad-cloth manufactory is carried on to a very con- 
fiderable extent, particularly at Chalford a village in this 
pariflt. 
