B O M 
iflTate; ^erms compreffed, vertical; down obfciifely tooth¬ 
ed, two horned ; receptaculum honey-combed. 
Species, i. Boltonia afferoides, or ftarwort-floweTed bol¬ 
tonia : leaves quite entire. Stem upright, two feet high, 
<ffiff', even, fcarcely angular, (lightly (beaked. Leaves al¬ 
ternate, remote, fe'ffile, lanceolate, even, bent down at 
the bale, rugged about the edge, vertical in the dilk. Pa¬ 
nicle thin,' ftiftifi), with one-flowered peduncles. Difk of 
the corolla hemifpherical, yellow : ray linear, entire, pale 
flefh-colour. 
2. Boltonia glaftifolia, or glaucous-leaved boltonia: 
lower leaves ferrate. Both thefe are natives of America, 
and flower late in the autumn. 
BOLTSA'CKEN, or Boj.tsack, rocks at the north 
entrance of the Great Belt, five miles fouth-eaft from the 
iflandof Samfoe. Lat. 55. 48. N. Ion. 10. 40. E. Greenwich. 
BOLT'SPRIT, or Bowsprit, /. A maft running out 
at the head of a fhip, not (landing upright, but afiope. 
The but-end of it is generally fet againft the foot of the 
foremaft ; fo that they are a (lay to each other. The 
length without board is fuflicient to let its fails hang clear 
of all incumbrances. If the boltfprit fail in bad weather, 
the foremaft cannot hold long after. BowJ'prit is perhaps 
the right orthography. 
BOLT-TAIL, a promontory on the fouth coaft of the 
Ctmnty of Devon: four miles and a half weft-north-vveft 
■of Bolt-Head. 
BOI.TZ'NITZ, a river of Germany, which runs into 
the Elder, near Elfterwerda, in the margraviate of Meiflen. 
BO'LU, a mountain of Afia, in Armenia : 144 miles 
Couth-eaffl of Erivan. 
BOLU'ADIN, a town of Afiatic Turkey, in the pro¬ 
vince of Natolia : twenty-eight miles north of Kara-lviffar. 
BO'LUS,/. {j&a*®., Gr. a mafs, from ySa Heb. to ag¬ 
glutinate.] A fort of eiedlitary made for one dofe. Bo- 
lufes differ not from eleclaries, only they are made of fir¬ 
mer confidence, in fingles dofes, and therefore more pro¬ 
per where great exaftnels is required in the adminiff ration, 
and where the fpeedily periffting drugs are to be ufed, for 
they are only made for immediate life. The light and 
ponderous powders may more conveniently be mixed with 
mucilage, for,fo they are the lead bulky. The quantity 
of each is a m'orfel, or a mouthful, as much as can be con¬ 
veniently (wallowed at once, whence their name bvccclla. 
BOLUS HEAD, a cape of Ireland, on the foiith-weft 
coaft of the'eounty of Kerry, thirty-eight miles fouth-wed 
of Killarney. Lat 51.44. N. Ion. 10. 12. W. Greenwich. 
BOI.'WYCK, a town of Norway: forty miles wed of 
Ton (berg. 
BOLZA'NO, or Botzen, a town of Germany, in the 
'bounty of Tyrol, in the circle of Audria: fix leagues fonth- 
fved of Brixen, and nine n'orth of Trent. It was taken 
by 1 the French revolutionary army, in March 1797. 
BOLZA'NO, a town of Italy, in the Vicentin, two 
deagues ead of Vicenza. 
BOM AX', or Bohemal, a town of the duchy of Lux¬ 
emburg, (ituated on the Qurte ; feven miles fouth-wed of 
Spa, and fifty-three north-wed of Luxemburg. 
BOMA'R'ZO, a town of Italy, in the date of the 
Church, and patrimony of St. Peter, once epifcopal: 
fotirtfeen miles from Citta Cad'ella. 
BOMB,/. [ bombus , Lat.] A loud redounding noife ; 
'whence the ’name of Bomb, in artillery, which is a (hell, 
or hollow bail, of cad-iron, having a large vent, by which 
his filled with fun-powder, and which is fitted with a 
fuze or hollow plug, to give fire by, when thrown out of 
a mortar, &c. about the time when the (hell arrives at the 
■intended place, the compOlitioii in the pipe of the fuze 
fefs fire to the powder in the (hell, which blows it all in 
pieces, to the great annoyance of the enemy. They are 
now commonly called /hells fimply, in the Elnglifh artillery. 
They are made of various (izes, from that of feventeen or 
eighteen inches diameter downwards, The very large 
ones are not ufed by the Eng) iff), that of thirteen 
inches diameter being the higheft (ize now employed by 
Vol. III. No. 123. 
BOM 1 
the army ; the weight, dimenfions, and other circumflances, 
of them, and the others downwards, are as in the follow¬ 
ing table : 
Diametet oftlie 
Shell. 
Weight of the 
Shell. 
Powder to fill 
them. 
Powder to burlt them 
into mod Pieces. 
lbs. 
lb. oz. 
ib. oz. 
13 inches 
9 4 h 
7 3 
I O 
89 
4 14 h 
3 4 
8 
46 
i 3 i 
2 O 
5^ Royal 
I 4 i 
x 1* 
0 14 
44 Cohorn 
! VJ 
0 8 
0 7 
Mr. Muller gives the following proportion for all (hells-. 
Dividing the diameter of the mortar into thirty equal parts, 
then the other dimenfions, in 3©ths of that diameter, will 
be thus: 
Diameter of the bore, or mortar 
Diameter of the (hell, 
Diameter of the hollow fphere 
Thicknefs of metal at the fuze hole 
Thicknefs at the oppofite part 
Diameter of the fuze hole 
Weight of (hell empty 
Weight of powder to fill it 
where d denotes the cube of the diameter of the bore in 
inches. But (hells have alfo lately been made with the 
metal all of the fame thicknefs quite around. In general, 
the windage, or difference between the diameter of tho 
(hell and mortar, is -/y of the latter ; alfo the diameter of 
the hollow part of the (hell is -J~ of the fame. Bombs' 
are thrown out of mortars or howitzers ; but they may 
alfo be thrown out of cannon ; and a very firsall fort are 
thrown by the hand, which are called granados:: and the 
Venetians at the fiege of Candia, when the Turks had 
poffeffed themfelves of the ditch, ufed large bombs with¬ 
out any piece of ordnance, but barely rolled them down 
upon the enemy along a plank fet afiope, with ledges on 
the Tides to keep the bombs right forwards. The art of 
throwing bombs, or (hells, forms a principal branch of 
gunnery, founded on the theory of projectiles, and the 
quantities and laws of force of gunpowder. See the articles 
Gunnery, Gunpowder, Projectiles, and Artil¬ 
lery, vol.ii. p. 132. and the principal writers -on this 
art, Me(f. Blondel, Guifnee, Redons, de la Hire, See. 
BOM B-CHEST,/. A kind of clieft ufually filled with 
bombs, and fometimes only with gunpowder, placed un¬ 
der ground, to blow it up into the air with thofe who (land 
upon it; being fet on fire by means of a fauciffe faftened. 
at one end. But they are now much out of nfe. 
BOMB-KETCH, or Bomb-vessel,/ A fmall fhip, 
formed for throwing bombs into a fortrels, faid to be the 
invention of M. Reyneau, and to have been firft ufed at 
the bombardment of Algiers. 
To BOMB, v. a. To fall upon with bombs; to bombard; 
Our king thus trembles at Namur, 
Wliilff Villeroy, who ne’er afraid is. 
To Bruxelles marches on fecure, 
To bomb the monks, andfeare the ladies. Prior. 
BOMB A'RD, f. \_bombardus, Lat.] An ancient piece of 
ordnance, now out of ufe. It was very (hort and thick, 
with a large mouth ; fome of which it is faid threw balls, 
of 300 pounds weight, requiring the life of cranes to load 
•them. The bombard is by fome called bafilijk , and by 
the Dutch denderbus. 
To BOMB A'RD, v.a. To attack with bombs—A me¬ 
dal is flruck on the Englifh failing in their attempts ors 
Dunkirk, when they endeavoured to blow up a fort, and 
bombard the town. Addifon. 
BOMB ARDIER',/ The engineer wliofe employment 
it is to (hoot bombs.—The bombardier toffes his ball fome¬ 
times into the midff of a city, with a delign to fill all a. 
round him with terror and combuftion. Taller. 
T t 
3 ° 
21 
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■ 5 
■ 4 
md 
BOM, 
