**7* B O tsT 
liof-bed, obferving to water and fliade them until they have 
taken root; after which they mufl be treated as hath been 
directed for the feedling plants. Thefe plants, being ever¬ 
green, and growing in a pyramidal form, make a pretty 
variety in the ftove among ft other exotic plants. Bontia 
Germinans, fee Avicenna. Bontia Luzonica, fee 
Epidendrum. 
BON'TORY, a town of Poland, in the palatinate of 
Braclaw : twenty miles eaft of Braclaw. 
BON'TIUS (Gerard), a celebrated profeflbr of medi¬ 
cine in the univerfity of Leyden, was a man of profound 
erudition, and well verfed in the Greek language. He 
was born at Ryfwick in Guelderland, and died at Ley¬ 
den, September 15, 1599, aged fixty-three. Bontius was 
the inventor of a compofition of pills, which, from his 
name, are called pilulx tartarce Bontii. The Dutch for a 
’long time kept this valuable compofition a fecret; but, by 
*id of a chemical analyfis, the ingredients are how known. 
BONVINCI'NO, or Le Moretto (Aleflandro), hif- 
tory and portrait painter, born at Rovate in 1514. He was 
firft the difciple of Titian ; but, having accidently feen the 
defigns of Raphael, he felt an elevation of mind that he 
had never before experienced. He henceforward gave 
himfelt up entirely to ftudy thofe mafter-pieces of art and 
'genius ; and his obfervations were guided with fuch judg¬ 
ment and attention, that his improvement was truly fur- 
prifing, and he became an exceeding good painter. His 
works were extremely admired for the tendernefs of the 
penciling ; for the correflnefs and fpirited expreftions of 
figures ; for the neatnefs of the finifhing ; and for the rich 
Variety of his draperies, which ufually confided of velvets, 
damafks, or fattins, all copied after nature, and clofely 
imitated. He was equally excellent in portrait, and by 
many was placed in competition with Titian. He died in 
I 5 6 4 - 
BO'NUM MAG'NUM,/. in botany, a fpeciesof plumb. 
BO'NUS HENRI'CU S,yi in botany. See Chenopo- 
dium. 
BON'WICKE (Ambrofe), a non-juring clergyman of 
great piety and learning, rehfor of Mickleham in Surrey, 
"born April 29, 1652, and educated at Merchant-Taylors 
fchool ; he was elected to St. John’s college, Oxford, in 
1668, where he was appointed librarian in 1670; B.A. 
1673; M. A. March 18, 1675; was ordained deacon May 
21, 1676; prieft, June 6, 1680; proceeded B. D. July 21, 
1682 ; and was elected matter of Merchant-Taylors fchool 
June 9, 1686. In 1689, the college of St. John’s peti¬ 
tioned the Merchant-Taylors company, that he might con¬ 
tinue matter of the fchool (which is a nurfery for their col¬ 
lege) for life; but, at Chriftmas 1691, he was turned out 
for refuting to take the oath of allegiance, and was after¬ 
wards for many years matter of a celebrated fchool at 
Headley, near Leatherhead, in Surrey, where he had the 
honour of having the poet Fenton for his utlier, and Bow- 
yer (who was afterwards the learned printer) for a fchokr. 
BO'NY, adj. Confiding of bones ; full of bones.—At 
the end of this hole is a membrane, fattened to a round 
bony limb, and ttretched like the head of a drum ; and 
therefore, by anatomifts, called tympanum. Ray. 
BON'ZES, f. Indian prietts. The Tonquinefe have a 
pagoda or temple in each town, and each pagoda has at 
jeaft two bonzes belonging to it; fome have thirty or for¬ 
ty. Thefe bonzes, in order to diftihguifh themfelves from 
the laity, wear a chaplet about their necks confiding of a 
hundred beads; and carry a ttaff, at the end of which is 
a wooden bird. They live upon the alms of the people; 
yet are very charitably difpofed themfelves, and main¬ 
tain feveral orphans and widows out of their own collec¬ 
tions. The bonzes of China are the prietts of the Fohifts, 
or feft of Fo-hi : it is one of their eftablifhed tenets, that 
there are rewards for the righteous, and puniftiments for 
the wicked, in the next world ; and that there are various 
manfions in which the fouls of men will relide hereafter, 
according to their different degrees of merit: but, in or¬ 
der to deferve the'favour of heaven, the bonzes inftnift 
BOO 
the people to treat the prietts with refpedl and reverence, 
to fupport and maintain them, and to erefL temples for 
them; they tell them, that, unlefs they comply with thefe 
injunctions, they will be cruelly tormented after death, and 
pafs through a difagreeable variety of tranfmigrations : in 
fliort, they will be changed into mules, attes, rats, and 
mice. The bonzes of Japan are, for the generality, gen¬ 
tlemen of the higheft extraction ; for when a gentleman of 
quality finds his family grow too numerous, nay, when he 
has only two fons, he generally makes the youngefta bonze, 
to prevent all domeftic broils and contufions. Thefe prietts 
are drefled in various colours ; their apartments are com¬ 
modious, and fituated in the healthieft parts of the coun¬ 
try. F. Navarette tells us, that the bonzes are obliged to 
chaftity ; and that, on the 2d of April 1667, a petty king 
of Canto had condemned eleven of them to be burnt alive 
for incontinence. He adds, that it was reported of an em- 
prefs of the laft reigning family, who had a particular 
kindnefs for the bonzes, that fhe granted them a difpen- 
fation for the ufe of women during three days. The bonzes 
of China, according to the fame author, are computed at 
50,060. 
BOO ST AFTER, or Stacor, a town of Africa, in the 
country of Tunis, built on the ruins of the ancient Utica. 
Lat. 37. 32. N. Ion. to E. Greenwich. 
BOO'BY,/! [a word of no certain etymology. Henfhaw 
thinks it a corruption of bull-beef, ridiculoufly ; Skinner 
imagines it to be derived from bobo, foolifii, Span. Junius 
finds bowbard to be an old Scottifh word for a coward , a 
contemptible fellow, from which lie naturally deduces booby : 
but the original of bowbard is not known.] A dull, heavy* 
ftupid, fellow; a lubber : 
Young matter next mutt rife to fill him wine, 
And ttarve himfelf to fee the booby dine. King. 
BOO'BY, f. in ornithology. See Pelicanus. 
BOO'BY ISLAND, a fmall ifland in the Well Indies, 
near St. Chrillopher’s. 
BOODICOT'TA, a town of India, in the My fore coum. 
try : eighty-feven miles eaft-north eaft of Seringapatam, 
and thirty-three eaft-fonth-eaft of Bangalore. 
BOODT, or Boetus (A-nfelm Von), phyfieian to the 
emperor Rodolph, died about 1660; he got into reputation 
by a Latin tra-dl now very fcarce, intituled, The Complete 
Jeweller, or The Hiftory of Precious Stones; printed by. 
Andrew Toll, with notes. Leyden, 1646 and 1647. 
BOOG, or Bogoe, a fmall ifland of Denmark, between 
the iflands of Moen and Falfter. . ( 
BOOGEBOO'GE, a town of Hindooftan, in the Cutch 
country : 120 miles fouth-eaft of Tatta, and 200 weft of 
Amedabad. 
BOOK, f [boc, Sax. fupnofed from boc, a beech, be- 
caufe they wrote on beechen boards ; as liber, in Latin, 
from the rind of a tree.] The general name of almoft 
every literary compofition ; but, in a more limited fenfe, 
is applied only to fuch compofitions as are large enough 
to make a volume. As to the origin of books, or wri¬ 
tings, thofe of Mofes are undoubtedly the mott ancient 
that are extant: but Mofes himfelf cites many books 
which were written long before his time. Of profane 
books, the oldeft extant are Homer’s poems, which were 
fo even in the time of Sextus Empiricus; though we find 
mention in Greek writers of feventy others prior to Ho¬ 
mer ; as Hermes, Orpheus, Daphne, Horns, Linus, Mu- 
feus, Palamedes, Zoroafter, &.C- but of the greater part 
of thefe there is not the leaft fragment remaining ; and of 
others, the pieces which go under their names are gene¬ 
rally held, by the learned, to be fuppofititipus. ; 
Several forts of materials were ufed formerly in making 
books: plates of lead and copper, the barks of trees - 
bricks, ftone, and wood, were the firft materials employed 
to engrave fuch things on as men were willing to have 
tranfmitted to pofterity. Jofeplms (peaks of two columns^ 
the one of ftone, the other of brick, on which the chil¬ 
dren of Seth wrote their inventions and aflronomic.il dif- 
coyerics. 
