739 
C A N T E 
'die Holy Trinity. Part of the floor is curioufly inlaid 
with mofaic work. It contains the throne, or epifeopal 
chair; alfo the monuments of Henry IV. and his queen, 
Edward the Black Prince, cardinal Pole, dean Wotton, 
&e. The north crofs, or martyrdom, is the place where 
Becket was murdered. In the Mint-yard, within the 
precinft of this cathedral, is a public grammar-fchool, 
founded- by Henry VIII. wherein fifty boys are claffically 
educated. The fchool-houfe was formerly the chapel of 
the almonry, built by Henry Eaftry, prior, in 1313. Be- 
lides the cathedral and monaftery, the city had anciently 
a caflle on the foutli fide, and ftrong walls, with towers, a 
ditch, and rampart; it had alfo a mint and an exchange. 
As to its government, it fee ms to have been entirely fub- 
jedt to the archbifhop, both in fpirituals and temporals; 
at lead from the time that William Rufus gave it folely 
to hilltop Anfelm, till the reformation. It is now a 
county of itfelf: and the corporation confifts of a mayor, 
recorder, twelve aldermen, a flteriff, twenty-four common- 
council-men, a mace-bearer, fword-bearer, and four fer- 
j.eants at mace. Every Monday a court is held at Guild¬ 
hall tor civil and criminal caufes ; and every other Tuef- 
day for the government of the city. It contains fifteen 
parilh churches, feven hofpitals, a gaol for criminals, and 
a fumptuous conduit for fupplying the inhabitants with 
water. Here is an hofpital, originally founded and en¬ 
dowed by Thomas a Becket, for the purpofe of receiving, 
lodging, and fuftaining, poor pilgrims, for one night only, 
if in health, with right of burial in Chrift-clmrch-yard 
for fuch- as fltould happen to die within the hofpital. It 
was under the direction of a mafler, and a vicar under 
him ; had twelve beds, and an aged woman to look after 
and provide neceffaries for the pilgrims. The prelent 
building, though ancient, hath a decent hall and chapel, 
and is converted into a free-lchool for the education ot 
twenty boys. The city of Canterbury confids of four 
ftreets, difpofed in the form of a crofs, and divided into 
fix wards, which are about three miles in circumference. 
It is furrounded on all hands with hop-grounds much to 
Its advantage, and is famed for its excellent brawn. The 
flreets are paved in the modern lafle, and the whole city 
well lighted. Its market-days are Wednesday and Satur¬ 
day ; and its fair on October 10. Its principal trade, 
after the growth of hops, confilts in the manufacture of 
worded and filk; the worded manufactory turnilhes em¬ 
ployment for nearly fix or feven hundred perfons; that 
of the filk was formerly very famous, having employed 
at one time from two to three thoufand French luigonots. 
There are at prefent a great quantity of mixed goods 
made with filk and cotton, called Canterbury muflins, 
the invention of Mr. John Callaway, who at a great ex¬ 
pence has brought them to their prelent perfection. He 
lias lately ereCted a cotton-mill near the city, and em¬ 
ploys great numbers of the poor who have been reduced 
to diftrefs by the decline of the filk-trade. 
The diocefe of Canterbury contains 257 pariflies, be- 
fules chapels, in Kent, and about 100 more in other dio- 
cefes. Thefe are called Peculiars-, it being an ancient 
privilege of this fee, that, whereloever the archbilhops 
had either manors or advowfons, the place was exempted 
from the jurifdiCtion of the ordinary of the diocefe where ' 
it was dtuated, and was deemed in the diocele of Canter¬ 
bury. This fee is valued in the king’s books at 28161. 
17s. 9^d. but is reckoned to produce a clear revenue of 
good, a-year. The clergy’s tenths come to 6511. 18s. 
2^d. In common fpeech, the archbifhop is ffyled His 
Grace, and he writes himfelf Divina Providentia ; whereas 
other bilhops dyle themfelves Divina Permijfione. The 
b'iiTiop of London is accounted his provincial dean, the 
bilhop of Winchelter his fub-dean,the bifliop of Lincoln 
his chancellor, and the bilhop of Rochelter his chaplain. 
This fee hath yielded eighteen canonized faints; nine 
cardinals; twelve lord chancellors, four lord treafurers, 
arid one lord chief judice ; and nine chancellors of the 
U.nivcrfity of Oxford. To this lee belongs only one arch* 
R B U R Y. 
deacon; to the cathedral, an archbifhop, a dean, a chan¬ 
cellor, anarchdeacon, twelve prebendaries, fix preachers, 
fix minor canons, fix (ubftitutes, twelve lay clerks, ten 
chori Iters, two mailers, fifty fcholars, and twelvealmlmen. 
A mile north-well of Canterbury, is the village ol Huck- 
ington, enriched with the new elegant feat of fir Edward 
Hales, bait, extending 538 feet in front.—About fix 
miles fouth-ealt is the village of Barham, which gives 
name to that celebrated fpot called Barham-downs, where 
Canterbury races are annually held.—On the right of the 
Down from Canterbury, four miles, is Bourne-place, the 
feat of fir Horace Mann, bart. where is a curious painted 
window, executed from Holland.—At the difiance of 
three miles, on the left, is Hardres-place, the feat of the 
late fir William Hardres, bart. At this houfe Henry VIII. 
llept, when going on his expedition againft Boulogne. 
The old gates of this feat (now Handing) were the gates 
of Boulogne, brought from that fiege by fir William’s 
ancefiors who accompanied the king.—One mile weft, on 
the I.ondon road, is the ancient village of Harbiedown ; 
the church is fituated on a hill, oppolite which is an hol- 
pital and a chapel, originally built and endowed byarch- 
billiop Lanfranc, about the year io8j., for poor lepers. 
This hofpital formerly held the precious relic, St. 
Thomas a Becket’s dipper, mentioned by Erafmus as 
the upper leather of an old (hoe, adorned with cryftais 
let in copper. The numerous pilgrims to the (brine of 
St. Thomas ufed to flop here and kifs this bauble, as a 
preparation for the more folemn approach to the tomb. 
Since the reformation, this hofpital is continued for the 
•relief of poor perfons, who have, befides a houfe, a year¬ 
ly ftipend of near feven pounds each. The river Stour, 
in the time of queen Elizabeth, was navigable as high as 
Canterbury. In ancient times, there appears to have 
been two rivers of this name, which are fuppofed to have 
fallen into the -Wantfum at Stourmouth. There are two 
rivers dill, one the Greater, the other the Lelfer, Stour, 
and both, as tar as we can judge, were formerly naviga¬ 
ble, but never as a joint ftream, the former falling into 
the Wantfum at Stourmouth, and the latter at fome dif- 
tance from it. There have been certainly great and raa- 
nifeli changes in the face of the country, and the courle 
of the rivers, in this part of Kent ; but, however differ¬ 
ent their fituation from what they are at prefent, we have 
no authority to fuppofe that either of thefe rivers ever 
admitted vellels of any great fize. The marlhes near 
Canterbury were, however, formerly covered by the. 
Wantfum, an arm of the fea which feparated Thanet 
from the main land of Kent; but from which the fea 
has now almoft wholly retired, leaving its bed a mere 
ditch, quite to Sarre ; though this place was once a fiour- 
ilhing port, of which there is not only credible tradition, - 
authenticated in the lad age from the mouths of com¬ 
petent witneffes, who had themfelves feen lirutll boats, 
and even barks of a tolerable lize, pals quite through to 
the north mouth; but both here and at other places in 
Thanet are vilible marks remaining, of the iittle creeks 
and havens, in which velfels formerly lay; and their 
charters prove this beyond the power of doubting as to 
its authenticity.—Three miles to the left is Reculver, 
the Regulbiuin of the Romans, fituated on a riling ground 
on the wed fide of the Yenlade, (though it feemsto have 
flood originally in an illand formed by that river,) and 
dole by the fea-fhore. It is at prefent joined to Kent 
without any lignof its having ever been feparated, and is 
divided from Thanet only by a little brook, (tlie Yenlade,) 
which falls into the fea at North Mouth. Severus, em¬ 
peror of Rome, is laid to have built a caftle at Reculver, 
like that of Richborough. Great quantities of Roman 
and Saxon coins, urns, and other curiolitics, have been 
found here. Ethelbert, king of Kent, built a palace, and 
refuted here, as did many of his f ucceffors; and Balia, an 
Eriglifh Saxon lord, founded here a rich abbey in 6.50; 
but there are now Icarcely the lead remains of either. 
The prelent church is very ancient, and had in it a molt 
lumptuous 
