'€ A P 
tali) in t-innanu’s Fragments ef a Natural Method, or PJti- 
lofophia Botanica ; and tlie firft divifion of tlie fonty-ninth 
order in the Ordines Naturales, at the end of Genera 
pljntaritim (Compofitae Capitate). Aifo the fecond di- 
vilion of the firft order, in the clafs Syngencfia, in his 
Artificial Syftem ; and the ninth clafs “in Ray’s Method, ft 
contains the thirties and other plants with compound 
Bovvers, growing in a head. 
C A PIT A'T 10 N,yi [from caput, Lat. the head.] Nu¬ 
meration by heads.—He fuftered for not performing the 
commandment of God concerning capitation ; that, when 
the people were numbered, for every head they fliouid 
pay unto God a fliekel. 
CAPITA'TIQN TAX, an impofition railed on each, 
perfon, in proportion to his labour, indufitry, office, rank, 
fortune, &c. It is a very ancient kind of tribiue. The 
Latins call it tributum, by which taxes on perfons are dif- 
tinguilhcd from taxes on merchandife, which were called 
Tjcttigalia. Capitations are never practifed among us but in 
the greateft exigencies ; though, perhaps, could every 
perfon’s income or property be afeertained, it is the molt 
efficient, and moll equitable, of every mode of taxation, 
where money is to be railed pro rata, and not from the ge¬ 
neral articles of merchandize. 
CA'PITE, in law, [from caput, i. e. Rex, unde tenerein 
capite, cjl tenere dc rege, omnium terrarum capite.] Tenure 
in capite, was an ancient tenure, whereby a man held lands 
of the king immediately as of the crown, whether by 
knight’s fervice, or in focage. This tenure was likewife 
called, tenure holding of the perfon of tlie king: and a 
„perfon might hold of tlie king, and not in capite ; that is, 
not immediately of tlie crown, but by means of fome ho¬ 
nour, caftle, or manor, belonging to it. According to Kit¬ 
chen, one might hold land of the king by knight’s fervice, 
and not in capite; becaufe it might be held of fome honour 
in the king’s hands, defeended to him from his anceflors, 
and hot immediately of the king, as of his crown. Kitch. 
129. Dyer 44. The very ancient tenure in capite, was 
of two forts ; the one principal and general, and tlie other 
Jpeciat ’or Juballcrn ; the principal andgenera/was of the king 
as caput regni, et caput generalijfimum omnium fcodorum, the 
fountain vvlienee till feuds and tenures have their main ori¬ 
ginal : the fpccial was cf_4t particular fubjedt, as caput 
J'eudi, feu terra illius, fo called from his being the fir ft that 
granted tlie land in fuch.manner of tenure ; from whence 
he was filled capitals dominus, S 3 c. But tenure in capite is 
now abolifhed ; and by fiat. 12 Car. II. c. 24, all tenures 
are turned into free and common focage : fo that tenures 
hereafter to be created by the king are to be common fo- 
•cage only ; and not by capite, knight’s fervice, See. Blount. 
See Tenure. 
CA'PITOL, Cafitoi.ium, in antiquity, a famous 
fort or cafile, on the Mons Capitolinas at Rome, wherein 
was a temple dedicated to Jupiter, thence al'fo denomi¬ 
nated Capilolinus, in which the fenate anciently affembled ; 
and which fill! ferves as the city-hall, or town-houfe, for 
the confervators of- tlie Roman people. The firft foun¬ 
dations of the.capitol were laid by Tarquin tlie Elder, in 
the year of Rome 139. His fuccefior Servius raifed the 
walls ; and Tarquin the Proud finifhed it in the year 221. 
But it was not confecrated till the third year after the ex r - 
puifion of the kings, and eftablilhment of tlie confulate. 
The ceremony of tlie dedication of the temple was per¬ 
formed by the conful Horatius in 246. The capitol con¬ 
fided of three parts; a nave facred to Jupiter ; and two 
wings, tlie one confecrated to Juno, the other to Minerva : 
the frontifpiece and (ides were furrounded witli galleries 
in which tliofe who were honoured with triumphs enter¬ 
tained the fenate at'a magnificent banquet, after the fa- 
crifices had been offered to the gods. In the nave, flood 
'tlie ffatue of Jupiter, with his golden thunderbolt, his 
feeptre, and crown. This noble edifice contained the 
moft facred depofits of religion, fuch as the ancylia, the 
books of the Sibyls, Sec. It was built upon four acres of 
1 ground ; tlie front was adorned with three rows of pillars, 
Vol. III. No. 160. 
‘C A P 765 
and the other Tides with two. The a [cent to it from the 
ground, was by an hundred ffeps. The magnificencq and 
richnefs of this temple are almoft incredible. All the con, 
fills fiiccefiively made donations to the capitol, and An- 
guffus bellowed upon it at one time 2,000 pound weight 
of gold. Its threiholds were made of brafs, and its roof 
was gold. It was adorned with veffels and ffiields of fo- 
1 id filver, with golden chariots, Sec. It was burnt during 
the civil wars of Marius, and Sylla rebuilt it, and died 
before the dedication, which was performed by Q. Catii- 
lus. It was again deffroyed in the troubles under Vi tel - 
litis; and Vefpalian, who endeavoured to repair it, law it 
again in ruins at his death. Bomitian railed it again, for 
tlie laff time, and made it more grand and magnificent 
than any of his predeceffors, and [pent 12,coo talents in 
gilding it. When they firft dug for tlie foundations, they 
found a man’s head called Tolius, found and entire in the 
ground, and from thence drew an omen of the future 
greatnefs of the Roman empire. The hill was from that 
circumffance called Capitolium, a capite Toli. Virgil, Livy , 
Pliny. —Anciently the name capitol was applied to all the 
principal,temples, in moff of tlie colonies throughout the 
Roman empire; as at Conftantinoplc, Jerufalem, Car, 
thage, Ravenna, Capua, &c. That of Thouloufe has 
given the name of capitouls to its echevins or fiieriffs. 
CAPI'TOLINE GAMES, militated by Camillus in 
honor of Jupiter Capitolinas, and in commemoration of 
the Capiiol’s not being taken by the Gauls. There was 
another kind of Capitoline Games, inftituted by Dojnitian, 
wherein there were rewards and crowns bellowed on the 
poets, champions, orators, hillorians, and muficians. Thefe 
were celebrated every five years, and became fo famous, 
that, inflead of calculating time by luftra, they began to 
count by Capitoline games, as the Greeks did by Olympi¬ 
ads ; but it appears this cuffom was of no long continuance* 
CAPITOI.I'NUS (Julius), an liiftorian in the beginning 
of the fourth age, under Diocletian, to whom he inferibed 
the Lives of Vents, Antoninus Pius, Clodius Balbinus, 
Macrinus, the Maximins, and tlie Gordians. He wrote 
other lives, which are moll of them loll. 
CAPl'TULA RURA'LIA, affemblies or chapters held 
by rural deans and parochial clergy, within the precindt of 
every diffindl deanry; which at firft vvere every three 
weeks, afterwards once a month, and more foleninly once 
a quarter. Cornel. 
C API'TULAR, f. [from capitulum, Lat.] An eccle- 
fiaftical chapter; a body of ftatutes or laws, paffed in a 
chapter, either of knights, canons, or religious.—That this 
practice continued to the time of Charlemain, appears by a 
conffitution in his capitular. Taylor. — A member of a chap¬ 
ter.—Canoniffs do agree, that the chapter makes decrees 
and ftatutes, which lhall bind the chapter itfelf, and all its 
members or capitulars. Aylijfe. 
The capitnlaria, or capitulars of Charlemagne, Charles 
the Bald, Sec. are the laws both ecclefiaftical and civil, 
made by thofe emperors in the general councils or affem- 
blies of the people ; which was the way in which the con- 
ftitutions of moft of the ancient princes vvere made; each 
perfon prefent, though a plebeian, letting his hand to 
them. Some diftinguilh thefe from lavvS; and fay, they 
vvere only fupplements to laws. They had their name, 
capitulars, becaufe divided into capitula, chapters, or fec- 
tions. In thefe capitulars did the whole French jurifpfu- 
dence anciently confift. In procefs of time, the name was 
changed for that of ordonnances. Some diftinguilh three 
kinds of capitulars, according to tlie difference of their 
fubjedt matter : thofe on ecclefiaftical affairs are really ca¬ 
nons, extracted from councils; thofe on fecular affairs, 
real laws; tliofe relating to particular perfons or occa- 
fions, private regulations. 
To CAPI'TULATE, v. n. [from capitulum, Lat.] To 
draw up any tiling in heads or articles: 
Percy, Northumberland, 
The archbifliop of York, Douglas, and Mortimer, 
Capitulate again!! us, and are up. Ska/ufpeare. 
9 1 To 
