ym c a p 
thsr G'utp'byra, a woman of great beauty, but of loofe 
charader, who, in return for her compliance with the 
defines ot Antony., obtained the kingdom of Cappadocia 
for her Con, In the war between Auguilus and Antony, 
he joined the latter ; but at the interceHion of the Cappa¬ 
docians, was pardoned by the emperor. He afterwards 
received from him Armenia the Lefs, and Cilicia Tra, 
chaea, tor having la (lifted the Remans in clearing the Teas 
of pirates who infefted the coafls of Aliq, In the reign of 
Tiberius, Archelaus was fummoned to appear before the 
fenate ; -for he had long been hated by that emperor, 
beenuie in his retirement .at Rhodes he had paid him no 
fort of refpefl. Archelaus obeyed the fummons, and 
haftened to Rome ; where he was’received by the emperor 
with great wrath and contempt, and foon after accufed 
as a criminal in the fenate. The crimes with which he 
was charged were mere fidions; yet his concern at feeing 
hnnfeif thus treated was fo great, that he died of grief, 
after having reigned 50 years. 
On the death of Archelaus, the kingdom -of Cappa¬ 
docia was reduced to a Roman province, and governed 
by thofe of the eqtieftrian order. It continued fubjed to 
the Romans till tire invalion of the eaftern empire by the 
Turks, to whom it is now fubjed, but ha-s no diftinguifh- 
ing modern name. I11 what was anciently'called Cappa¬ 
docia,, the Turks have alfo four Beglerbeglics, called 
Si was, Trebizond, Marafch , and Cogni. No fyftem what¬ 
ever remains of the Cappadocian laws, wherewith to form 
any correct idea of them. As to their commerce, they 
carried on a confiderable trade in horfes, great numbers 
of which were produced in their country ; and we read of 
them in feripture as frequenting the fairs of Tyre with 
this commodity.' As Cappadocia abounded with mines of 
fiver, brafs, iron, and alum, and afforded great (tore of 
alabailcr, cfyftal, and jafper, it is probable that they 
might ftipply the neighbouring countries with thebe ar¬ 
ticles. 
The religion of the ancient Cappadocians was much 
the fame with that of the Perfians. At Comana there was 
a rich and ffately temple dedicated to Bellona; whole 
battles the priefts and theirattendants ufed to reprefent on 
dated days, cutting and wounding each other as if feized 
with an enthufiafhc frenzy. No lelVfamous and magni¬ 
ficent were the temples of Apollo, Catanius, and of Ju¬ 
piter : the lad of which had 3000 facred fervants, or reli¬ 
gious votaries. The chief pried was next in rank to that 
of Comana ; and, according to Strabo, had an yearly re¬ 
venue of 15 talents. Diana Perfica was worfhipped in a 
city called Cajlaballa, where women, devoted to the wor- 
fhip of that goddefs, were reported to tread barefooted on 
burning coals without receiving any hurt. The temples 
of Diana at Diofpolis, and of Anias at Zela, were likewife 
held in great veneration, both by the Cappadocians and 
Armenians, who flocked to them from all parts. In the 
latter were tendered alt* oaths in matters of jurifprudence ; 
and the chief among the prleffs was no way inferior in dig, 
nity, power, and wealth, to any jn the kingdom ; having 
a royal attendance, and an unlimited authority over all tire 
inferior fervants and officers of the temple. The Romans, 
who willingly adopted all the fuperftitious rites of the na¬ 
tions they conquered, greatly increafed the revenues of this 
and other temples ; conferring the prieflhood on fuel' as 
they thought moft fit for carrying on their deiigns. We 
are told that human facrifices were offered at Comana ; 
and that this barbarous cuflom was brought by Orefles 
and his (iffer Ipliigenia from Taurica Scytliica, where men 
and women were immolated to Diana. But this cuftom, 
if ever it obtained' in Cappadocia, was abohfhed in the 
times of the Romans. 
CAPPA'NUS, a name, in fea language, given to a worm 
that perforates the bottoms of fhips ; to which it is ex- 
treme!y*pernicious, efpecially in the Eaff and Weft Indies ; 
to prevent this, fhips are now generally fheathed with 
copper. 
C APT, Alt IS,/. to KWKxvivj cifocvy from its curing 
CAP 
madnefs and melancholy.] The Gafer-Bc?SH ; m oots* 
rty, a genus of the clafs polyandria, order monogynia, na¬ 
tural order of putamincae. The generic charaders are— 
Calyx; periantlduni four-leaved, coriaceous; leaflets o- 
vate, concave, gibbous. Corolla : petals four, obtufe, 
fpreading, very large. Stamina : filaments numerous, fi. 
liform, patulous ; antherae oblong, verfatile, inclined. 
Piftillum : germ pedicelled ; tlyle none; ftigma obtufe, 
feffile. Pericarpium : berry corticofe, one-celled, pedi¬ 
celled. Seeds numerous, reniform, neftling.— EJfential Cha - 
rabler. Calyx four-leaved, coriaceous; petals four; fta- 
mens long; berry corticofe, one-celled, pedicelled. 
Species. 1. Capparis fpinofa, or prickly caper-bufh : pe¬ 
duncles one-flowered, folitary ; ftipules fpiny ; leaves an¬ 
nual ; eapfules oval. The common caper-bafit is a low 
fhrub, generally growing out of the joints of old walls, 
the fitfures of rocks, and among rubbifh. The frems are 
woody, and covered with a white bark. It grows-wild- 
on the fouthern countries of Europe, and in the Levant, 
in rocks, walls, and in dry places. Mr. Ray obferved it 
on the walls of Rome, Sienna, and Florence, wild, and 
about Toulon cultivated. It is furprifing, fays Dr. Smith, 
that this beautiful ftirub, which is as common in the fouth 
of France as the bramble with us, and which grows luxu¬ 
riantly in the open air when trained again!! a wall even at 
Paris, fliould be almoft unknown in the Engiifh gardens, 
where it can fcarcely be made to flower, except in a ftove 
with all pollible care. Gerarde tells us, that he put fome 
feeds into the brick walls of his garden, which did fpring 
and grow green : and Bradley fowed fome feeds, which he 
procured front Italy, in the garden walls of Campden- 
Iioufe, near Kenfington, about the year 1716, Mr. Mil¬ 
ler mentions an old plant growing there, which refilled the 
cold many years, and annually produced many flowers, 
blit the vqung fltoots were frequently killed to the flump 
during the winter. The flower-buds, which are produced 
in great plenty on the wild plant, are well known as a 
pickle. The unripe fruit is in Italy prepared in the fame 
manner. E,very part of the plant in a recent ftate is high¬ 
ly acrid and burning to the tafte. 
2. Capparis zeylanica : peduncles one-flowered, folita¬ 
ry ; ftipules fpiny ; leaves ovate, (harp at both ends. Stem 
lh rub by, fix feet high, upright but weak. Linnaeus re¬ 
marks, that it differs little from the firlt fpecies; and, 
that it is difficult to determine whether they be really dif- 
tint!, fo long as the fruit of this is unknown. It is a na¬ 
tive of Ceylon and Cochinchina', in hedges. 
3. Capparis horrida : peduncles axillary by two ; fti¬ 
pules prickly ; branches fiexuofe ; leaves ovate-lanceolate, 
mucronate, fmooth. This is a ftiff tree, with double 
ftipular prickles, red and rigid, from the bale of the leaves, 
which are petioled, and end in a fmall fpine. Found in 
Coromandel by Koenig. 
4. Capparis fepiaria : peduncles umbelled ; ftipules fpi- 
ny ; leaves annual, ovate, enrarginate. It is a native of 
the Eaft Indies. 
5. Capparis frondofa ; peduncles umbelled ; Ieaveseve- 
ry where crowded. Height about feven feet, extending 
as far as twenty. Native of South America, in thickets. 
6. Capparis ferruginea : peduncles umbelled ; leaves 
permanent, lanceolate, tomentofe beneath ; flowers eight- 
ftamened. This is a fmall tree or fhrub, with ftriated 
rufous or ferruginous coloured branches. The floyers 
are fragrant. The plant is ftrongly impregnated with an 
acrid volatile fait, like the muftard tribe ; and hence, in 
Jamaica, wliere it grows wild, it has obtained the name of 
the milliard"fhrub. ' Browne, milled by this circumftance, 
and the regularity in form and difpolition of the calyx, 
petals, and nectaries, has referred this plant to the tetra- 
dynamia clafs. 
7. Caparris baducca : peduncles one-flowered; leaves 
perennial, ovate-oblong, determinate/ crowded, naked. 
Leaves fmooth on both fides, obfeurely netted, efpecially 
beneath. According to Mr. Milieri it has a tree-like ftem 
dividing into fmooth brandies, having no fpine's on them; 
4 the 
