CAPRA. 
feSes the horns are black, (lender, upright, and wrinkled, 
except at their extremities, which are hooked backwards ; 
and behind each is a large orifice in the (kin : they pro¬ 
create in October or November, and in March or April 
the female has two or three young ones at a birth. 
4. Antilope dama, or the nanguer. The horns are 
hooked forwards at the ends; the upper parts of the body 
are tawny yellow ; the under parts white, witlt a white 
fpot on the chert : it inhabits Senegal: this animal is three 
feet ten incites in length, from the nol'e to the origin of 
the tail, and two feet eight inches high at the (ltoulder; 
the greater part of the body is w hite ; but the back, up. 
ier parts of the hides, and the head, are a tawny, or yel- 
owirti; there arc, however, varieties in this fpecies as to 
colour. Both fexes are furnirticd with horns, which are 
round, about eight inches long, confiderably bent or hooked 
forwards, and lharp-pointed ; there are only fix fore-teetli 
in the lower jaw: the nanguer is very fvvift, and is eafily 
tamed. .Tilian compares the flight of the wpccc, or ce- 
mas, which Mr. Pennant fuppofes to be the animal here 
defcribed, to the rapidity of a whirlwind. 
5. Antilope redunca, the nagor or red antelope : of a 
reddifli colour, with flirt - upright hair : the horns are bent 
forwards at the ends : inhabits Senegal, and the Cape of 
Good Hope : the length of this fpecies is about four feet ; 
its height two feet three inches; the horns are about five 
inches and a half long, witli two flight fmooth rings at the 
bafe, and are bent gently forwards; the ears are almoft as 
long as the horns : the general colour is a pale reddifh, 
paleft on the chert. Dr. Gmelin imagines this fpecies to 
be the y.r,^a.q of fElian. 
6. Antilope tragocamelus, the biggel, or Hindoortan an¬ 
telope. The horns are bent forwards; the neck has a (hurt 
inane; on the fhouldersis a large tufted hump; the tail is 
long, and is terminated with flowing hairs : it inhabits 
India, to the remoteft parts of the Mogul’s dominions. 
This animal refenibles the camel in the reverfed arch of 
its neck, and in its manner of kneeling down : it is near 
five feet high, when meafured to the top of the lnimp ; 
<he hair is foft, (hort, fmooth, and light afli-coloured, in 
home parts dulky, beneath the bread and under the tail it 
is w hite, and on the forehead is a black fpot of a rhom¬ 
boid-figure; the tail is about twenty-two inches long, and 
is terminated with longifli hair; on the lower part of the 
chert the fkin hangs loofe, like the dewlap of a cow, and 
is covered with longirti hair; the hinder parts of the 
body referable thofe of anafs; the limbs are (lender; the 
horns are about feven inches long. 
7. Antilope picta, or nylgau. The horns are bent for¬ 
wards; the neck and part of the back have a (hort mane; 
the fore part of the throat has a long tuft of black hairs; 
the tail is long, and tufted at the end : this animal inha¬ 
bits the interior of Hindoortan, far beyond our fettlements. 
It is four feet one inch high at the fhoulder: the male is of 
a dark grey colour, with fhort horns; thefe are triangular 
and dirtant at their bafes, and blunt at the ends, which 
bend a little forwards; there is a large white fpot on the 
neck, juft above the tuft of hair, another between the 
fore legs, one on each fide behind the fhoulder joint, one on 
each fore foot, and two on each hind foot above the hoof: 
the female has no horns; is of a pale brown colour, with 
two white and three black bars on the fore part of each 
foot, immediately above the hoofs : in both, the neck and 
part of the back have a (hort black mane, and the long tail 
is tufted at the end with black hairs; the ears of both are 
large, white on the edges and infide, and rtmilarly marked 
with two tranfverfe black ftripes; and both have a long 
tuft of black hairs on the fore part of the neck or threat, 
about the middle: the female goes nine months with 
young, and brings two at a birth. The Indian name, nyl¬ 
ghau, fignifies blue or grey bulls ; whence fome writers 
have erroneoufly placed this animal in the genus Bos. 
Several of them were brought into England in 1767, and 
bred annually in lord Clive’s park. Dr. Hunter kept 
one a confiderable time, to afeertainits genus and charac- 
Yol. III. No. 161. 
77} 
ter. They are ufuafly very gentle and tan e, will fee' 1 
readily, and lick the hands which give them food : in coir 
finement they will eat oats, but prefer grufsand hay ; and 
are very fond of wheaten bread ; when tliirrty, will drink- 
two gallons at a time. When the males fight, they drop 
on their knees at a diftance from one another, make their 
approaches in that attitude, and, when thev come near, 
fprjng and dart violently at each other ; they will often, 
in a rtate of confinement, fall into that portuie without do¬ 
ing any harm. In the rutting feafon the males are remark 
ably fierce and vicious; a labourer, who was looking over 
forne pales which enclofed a few of them, at Lord Clive’s, 
was alarmed by one of the males flying at him like light¬ 
ning ; but lie was faved by the intervention of the wood¬ 
work, which it broke to pieces, and at the fame time one 
of its horns. Pennant calls it the white-footed antelope, 
and fays it is an object of chace with the Indian princes, 
who fet a high value oni's flefli. 
8. Antilope faiga, or the Scythian antelope. The horns 
are pale, and almoft tranfparent, diftant at the bafes, and 
bent in form of a lyre, having each three curvatures; the 
nofe is very cartilaginous, much arched, thick, and feems 
truncated at the end : it inhabits Poland, Moldavia, the 
Carpathian mountains, Caucafus, about the Cafpian and 
Etixine feas, near Lake Aral, in tlie Altaic chain, and ge¬ 
nerally from the Danube to the Irtifh, never going farther 
north than about the fifty-fifth degree of latitude. They 
dwell moftly in open deferts, which abound with fait 
fprings, and feed much on (aline, acrid, and aromatic, ve¬ 
getables : in autumn they collect into vaft flocks, and 
migrate regularly into the.fouthern deferts; in fpring they 
return northwards, and divide into fmall' parcels: thev 
are exceedingly fhy and timid; amazingly fwift, but foou 
fatigued ; their voice relembles the bleating of (beep ; 
they have a very quick fenfe of fmelling, which obliges 
the hunters always to approach them againft the wind; 
and, when feeding or reding, the flock is always guarded 
by centinels ; in lummer their fight is very weak. When 
taken young they are eafily tamed, and become very do¬ 
cile; but the old ones are fo obftinate, when taken, as to 
refufe nourifliment: they frequently walk backwards when 
feeding, and pluck the grafs on each fide; and in walking 
they carry their heads very high. The faiga is about the 
fize of a fallow deer, being little more than four feet long ; 
it has fix fore teetli in each jaw, in which it differs not only 
from the other fpecies of the genus, but from the w hole 
order: the fur in Cummer is very fliort, of a grey colour, 
mixed with yellow, and darker on the legs below the 
knees; the fpace about the cheeks is whitifh ; the fore¬ 
head and crown of the head are hoary, and covered with 
long hairs; the under fide of the neck and body is white; 
the knees are furnifhed with brulhes or tufts of hair ; the 
tail is four inches long, naked below, covered above with 
upright hairs, and tufted at the end; in winter the fur be¬ 
comes long, rough, and hoary : the bead is large, and in 
the living animal the nofe is much arched, thick, and 
(welling, witli very open noflrils; but after death it grows 
flaccid, having no os nafi, or fepturn ; the horns are about 
eleven inches long, of a pale yellow colour, almoft tranf¬ 
parent ; the greateft part of their length is furrounded 
with rings, and the extremities are fmooth : the female 
has no horns; her fur is fofter than that of the male: the 
rutting feafon is in November, at which time the males, 
otherwife very timid, will fight boldly in defence of their 
mates; and before the middle of May the females produce 
moftly one at a birth, the young animal being covered 
with a very (oft, waved, and curled, fleece, like that of a 
lamb. They are hunted with guns, dogs, or even with 
eagles, for the fake of their horns and Ikins: they grow 
very fat in fummer, but the flefli is fcarcely eatable till it 
grows cold after being drefled, owing to a rank or bal- 
lamic tafte it acquires from the natuVe of their food : fome- 
times this animal is found with three horns, and, at other 
times, though very rarely, with only one ; indeed, the horns' 
of this fpecies are fubjebt to a very great variety in figure, 
9L notwithftanding 
