CAR 
784 
are : Cardbus variolofus: apterous, black ; fliells covered 
with white dots : inhabits Tranfylvania ; thown at fig. i x. 
'•—C. metallicus ; beneath black ; thorax with imprefled 
lines and fliells llriate, bronzed ; inhabits Saxony : fhown 
at fig. i2.—C. politus ; winged glofiy-black ; fhells flight- 
ly llriate ; antennae rufous : inhabits Hindooftan: deli¬ 
neated at fig. 13 . 
IV. Thorax rounded, the edge a little prominent and 
obtufe.—In this divifion the moll rare and admired fpe- 
cies are : Carabus inquifitor ; wdnged ; fliells llriate green- 
illi blue bronzed, with a triple row of dots : inhabits Eng¬ 
land ; delineated at fig. 14.—C. ccerulefcens ; winged; 
green and bronzed3 fliells llriate; antennoe red at the 
bale: inhabits England; fhown at fig. 15.—C. cupreus ; 
•winged, coppery and green; antenna? and legs red; in¬ 
habits England; delineated at fig. 16.— C. melanocepha- 
lus; winged ; bluilli black; thorax and legs red ferru¬ 
ginous : inhabits England ; lhown at fig. 17.—C. cyano- 
cephalus ; winged ; thorax and legs red ; head black ; 
Ihells green: inhabits Europe; reprefented at fig. i 3 .— 
C. crux major; thorax orbicular; fliells obtule, with 
two rufous fpots : inhabits England : delineated at fig. 19. 
—C. quadri-maculatus ; wings under the cafes ; thorax 
ferruginous, glabrous ; fliells obtufe, black with four ru¬ 
fous Ipots : inhabits England : fliowm at fig. 20. 
V. Thorax undefined and uncertain.—In this divifion 
the following are the molt curious fpecies : C. fimbriatus ; 
apterous, black ; lides of the thorax two-lobed ; edges of 
the fliells downy white : inhabits the Cape of Good Hope: 
delineated at fig. 21.—C. adfperlus ; apterous ; fliells green 
bronzed, covered with indented gold dots and railed fine : 
inhabits Europe; delineated at fig. 22.—C. globator; 
black ; thorax hemifpherical; fliells ftriate, punftured ; 
mouth and feelers ferruginous; antennse fulvous, and 
nearly moniliform at the bale: inhabits Pruffia: deline¬ 
ated at fig. 23. Though very numerous, it does not ap¬ 
pear that thele infects are in any relpeft prejudicial to ve¬ 
getation. 
CA'RAC, a fmall illand in the Gulf of Perfia: two 
leagues fouth from the illand of Cargou. 
CARA'CA, f in botany. See D.ilichos. 
CARACAL'LA (M. Antoninus Bafliatius), was fon 
of the emperor Septimus Severus, celebrated for his 
cruelties. He killed his brother Geta in his mother's 
arms, and attempted to deitroy the writings of Ariitotle, 
obferving that Ariitotle was one of thole wdio lent poifon 
to Alexander. He married his mother, and publicly lived 
with her, which gave occalion to the people of Alexan¬ 
dria to fay that he was an CEdipus, and his wife a Jocafta. 
This joke was fatal to them ; for the emperor, to punifli 
their ill language, flaughtered many thoufands in Alex¬ 
andria. After afluming the name and drefs of Achilles, 
and filling himfelf the conqueror of provinces he had ne¬ 
ver feen, he was aflallinated at Edell'a, by Macrinus, 
April 8, in the 43d year of his age, A.D. 217. His body 
v/as lent to his wife Julia, who ltabbed herfelf at the 
fight. There is extant a Greek Itinerary, and another 
book called Iter Briiannicum , which lbnre have attributed 
to this emperor.. 
CARACAL'LA, [ in botany. See Phaseolus. 
CARACATAY', a large country of Alia, extending 
from the Chinefe wall to the country of the Moguls ; 
bounded on the welt by the Imaus, on the eafi by the fea 
and China, and is diyidedinto many Hates or principalities. 
CARAC'CA (La), a fea-port town of Spain, in the 
province of Andaluiia: two leagues call of Cadiz. 
CARAC'CAS, a dill rift of South America, in the 
country of Terra Firma, between the provinces of Vene¬ 
zuela to the weft, and Cumna to the eaft, and bounded 
on the north by the Caribbean Sea, and on the fouth by 
parts of America but little known. The coatt is rocky 
and mountainous, interpdrfed with fmall fertile valleys: 
tire principal productions are cocoa, indigo, fugar, and 
tobacco. The principal towns are Caracca, or Leon de 
^Caraccas, and Cavallo. 
CAR 
CARAC'CAS, or Leon de Caraccas, a town of 
South America, in the countiy of Caraccas, containing 
about 24,000 inhabitants. The town is fituated on a plain, 
fome leagues from the fea, from which it is feparated by 
mountains. The cocoa-nuts are palled here fc\r money ; 
and are ufed as fuch in the bay of Campeacliy. It is the 
refidence of a governor, and carries on a confiderable trade. 
Its port named Guayra, has bad anchorage, but by the 
conftmction of a mole the road is good. Lat. 10. 30. N. 
Ion. 48. 40, W.. Ferro. 
CARAC'CI (Louis, Auguftin, and Hannibal), three 
celebrated painters of the Lombard fchool, all of Bologna. 
Louis was born in 1555 ; and was coufin-german to Au¬ 
guftin and Hannibal, who were brothers, the fons of a tai¬ 
lor, who was yet careful to give them a liberal education. 
They were both difciples of their coufin Louis. Auguftin 
gained a knowledge of mathematics, natural philofophy, 
rnufic, poetry, and moll of the liberal arts; but, though 
painting was his principal purfuit, he learned the art of 
engraving from Cornelius Cort, and furpafled all the maf- 
ters of his time. Hannibal, again, never deviated from 
his pencil. Thele three painters, at length, having reaped 
all the advantages they could by contemplation and prac¬ 
tice, formed a plan of aflociation, continued always toge¬ 
ther, and laid the foundation of that celebrated fchool 
which has ever frnce been known by the name Caracci's 
academy. Hither all young ftudents, wdio had a view of 
becoming mailers, refolded to be inftrufted in the rudi¬ 
ments of painting ; and here the Caracci taught freely, 
and without referve, all that came. Louis’s charge was 
to make a colleftion of antique llatues and bafs-reliefs. 
They had defigns of the belt mailers, and a colleftion of 
curious books on all lubjefts relating to their art; and 
they had a lkilful anatomift always ready to teach what 
belonged to the knitting and motions of the mulcles, &c 
There were often deputations in the academy ; and not 
only painters, but men of learned profellions, propoled 
quellions, which were always decided by Louis. Every 
body was well received; and, though Hated hours were 
allotted to treat of different matters, yet improvements 
might be made at all hours by the antiquities and the de¬ 
figns which were to be feen. 
The fame of the Caracci reaching Rome, the cardinal 
Farnefe lent for Hannibal thither, to paint the gallery of 
his palace. Hannibal was the more willing to go, becaule 
he had a great defire to fee Raphael’s works, with the an¬ 
tique llatues and bafs-reliefs. The gullo which he took 
there from the ancient lculpture, made him change his 
Bolognian manner for one more learned, but lets natural 
in the defign and in the colouring. Auguftin followed 
Hannibal, to aflill him in his undertaking of the Farnele 
gallery ; but, the brothers not rightly agreeing, the car¬ 
dinal lent Auguftin to the court of the duke of Parma, 
where he died in the year 1602, being only 45 years of 
age. His moll celebrated piece of painting is that of the 
communion of St. Jerome, in Bologna. In the mean while, 
Hannibal continued working in the Farnefe gallery at 
Rome; and, after inconceivable pains and care, finiflied 
the paintings in the perfeftion in which they are now to 
be feen. He hoped that the cardinal would have rewarded 
him in fome proportion to the excellence of his work, 
and the time it took him up, which was eight years; but 
he was difappointed. The cardinal, influenced by an ig¬ 
norant Spaniard his domeftic, gave him but little above 
200I. though it is certain he delerved more than twice as 
many thoufands. When the money was brought him, he 
was Co furprifed at the injuftice done him, that he could 
not (peak a word to the perfon who brought it. This con¬ 
firmed him in a melancholy to which his temper naturally 
inclined, and made him reiblve never more to touch a 
pencil; which relolution he had undoubtedly kept if his 
neceflities had not compelled him to break it. It is laid 
that his melancholy gained lb much upon him, that at 
certain times it deprived him of the ufe of his lenles. It 
did not, however, put a Hop to his amours; apd his de- 
* bauches 
