78« CAR 
the Upper Garonne, and chief place of a canton, In the 
diftrict of Riv'd : five leagues E.S.E. Touloufe. 
CAR AM A'Nl A, a country of Afia, which compre¬ 
hends the ancient Pamphilia, and a great part of Cilicia, 
Pifidia, and Cappadocia. It had formerly the title of 
kingdom, but is now become a province of Turkey, and 
divided into feven fangiacats, viz. Cogni, Kaiferieh, Kir- 
cheher, Nikde, Akferai, Ifbarteh, and Itfchil. Ithasfe- 
veral lakes well ftored with fifh, and which furnifli great 
quantities of fait. 
CAR AMA'NIC A., a town of Italy, in the kingdom of 
Naples, and province of Abruzzo Citra : eight miles north 
of Solmona. 
CARAMAN'TA, a province of Terra Firnia, South 
America, lying on the river Cauca, bounded north by the 
diftrict of Carthagena, eaft by New Granada, and fouth 
and weft by Popayan, in the audience of Panama. It is a 
valley, furrounded by high mountains; and there are w a¬ 
ters from which the natives extract very good fait. The 
capital town is of the lame name. Lat. 3.18.N. Ion. 55. 
W. Ferro. 
CARAMBO'LA, f. in botany. See Averrhoa. 
CARAMBU', f. in botany-. See J ussieua. 
CARAMNAS'SA, a river of Hindooftan, which runs 
into the Ganges, near Buxar, in the country of Benares. 
CARA'MUEL DE LOBICOVITSH (John), a cifter- 
lian monk, born at Madrid in 1606, was at firft abbot of 
Melroie, in the Low Countries, then titulary bifhop of 
Midi; afterwards, by a lingular turn, engineer and intend- 
ant of the fortifications in Bohemia, from having ferved as 
a foldier. The fame capricious and inconftant humour, 
which made him lay down the crozier to take up the hal¬ 
berd, now led him from being engineer to become bifhop 
again. He had fucceflively thebiflioprics of Koningfgratz-, 
Campano, and Vigevano ; in which laft-mentioned town 
he died in 1682, aged 76. He was a man of the moft un¬ 
bounded mind, and of whom it was faid, that he was en¬ 
dowed with genius to the eighth degree, with eloquence 
to the fifth, and with judgment to the fecond. He wrote 
feveral works of controverfial theology; and a fyftem of 
divinity in Latin, 7 vols. folio. 
CA'RAN, a river of England, which- runs into the 
Avon, at Tewkefbury, in Glocefterfhire. 
CARANA'SI,yi in botany. See Capraria. 
CARAN'DAS, f. in botany. See Carissa. 
CARAN'GAS, a province and jurifdidion under the 
bifhop of Plata, feventy leagues weft of that city in Peru, 
very barren in corn and grain, Sec. but abounding in cattle. 
Here are a great number of filver mines conftantly worked, 
among which- that called Tureo, and by the miners Ma- 
chacado, is very remarkable ; the fibres of the filver form¬ 
ing an admirable intermixture with the ftone. Such 
mines are generally the richeft. There are other maftes 
of filver in this province equally remarkable, being found 
in the barren fandy deferts ; where they find, by digging 
only, detached lumps of filver, unmixed with any ore or 
Hone. Thefe lumps are called papas, becaufe taken out 
of the ground as that root is, and have the appearance of 
melted filver; Which proves that they are thus formed by 
fufion. Some of thefe papas have weighed from 50 to 150 
marks, being a Paris foot in length. 
CARAN'JA, an ifiand in the Indian Sea, near the Con- 
can coaft: three leagues fouth of Bombay. Lat. 18. 55. 
N. Ion. 72. 44. E. Greenwich. 
CARAN'NA,/. alfo called Caragna; Brelists. 
It is a concrete relinous juice, brought from New-Spain, 
and other parts of America, in little maftes, rolled up in 
the leaves of flags, outwardly of a dark brown-colour, in¬ 
wardly brown, with a calf of red, variegated with irregular 
white (freaks, fomewhat foft and tenacious as it firft comes 
over, but in length of time growing dry and friable. The 
whiter the gum, the better it is, efpeeially if of the con¬ 
fidence of a plafter. Its virtues as the fame as thofe of ta- 
camafiaca, but more efficacious. It hath an agreeable 
i-inellj with a bitter and Hightly pungent tafte.. Rectified 
CAR 
fpirit diSolves three-fourths of it, and water diffblves all 
the reft, except the impurities. By diftillation it affords 
much eftential oil, of an orange colour. It is fragrant, and 
to the tafte moderately pungent. If the fpirituous tinfhtre 
is infpiftated, it yields atenacious refill, and an oily matter* 
which feparates and floats on the furface ; it is confider- 
ably aromatic, and moderately bitter. Etmuller fays, 
that this grim is ufeful again ft pains in the ftomach, and in 
the joints, if fpread plafter-wife, and applied thereto.- 
| 5 ee Lewis’s Mat. Med. 
CA'RAN US, one of the Heraclidne, the firft who laid 
the foundation of the Macedonian Empire, B. C. 8-14. He 
took Edefta, and reigned 28-years, which he fpent in eftab- 
liffiing his newly-founded kingdom. He was fucceded by 
Perdiccas, Jvflin. 
CARAPAL'LA, a river of Italy, in the kingdom of 
Naples, and province of Capitanata, which runs into the 
Adriatic: nine miles fouth of Manfredonia. 
CARAP 1 CHE'A, f. in botany. See Galllcocca. 
CARAPI'TO, a town of Portugal, in the province of 
Beira: four leagues north of Pinhel. 
CARARA', J. a weight at Leghorn, and in other parts 
of Italy, ufed in the Me of wood and cod-fifli, equivalent 
to fixty pounds of that country. 
CARARU', f. in botany. See Ama-ranti-ius. 
CARASCHUL'Ll, yi, in botany. See Barleria. 
CAR ASCOF', a town of Poland, in the Palatinate of 
Kiov : thirty-four miles weft of Bialacerkiew. 
CARAT', f See Caract. 
CARAVA'CA, or St. Cruz de Caravaca, a town 
of Spain, in the province of Murcia.; forty miles weft- 
Ibuth-weft of Murcia. 
C ARAVA'G A, a river in Peru, South America, famed 
for its golden fands. 
CARAVAG'GIO (Rlichael Angelo da). See Angelo. 
CARAV AN', or Caravanne, f. [Arab, cairawan, or 
cairoan ; Perf. kervan, or carvan, negociator, trader, or 
dealer.] In the eaft, a troop or company of travellers, 
merchants, and pilgrims, who, for their greater fecu- 
rity, march in a body through the deferts and other dan¬ 
gerous places, infefted with thieves and robbers. There 
is a chief, or aga, who commands each caravan, and has, 
under him a number of janizaries, or other forces, fuf- 
ficient for their defence. The caravans encamp every 
night near wells, or rivulets, known to the guides ; and. 
obferve a difeipline as regular as in war. They chiefly 
life camels for their vehicles, becaufe of their enduring 
much fatigue, eating little, and palling three or four days 
without water. The grand fignior gives one-fourth part 
of the revenue to Egypt, to defray the expence of theca- 
ravan tiiat gees yearly to Mecca, to vifit Mahomet’s tomb S: 
the devotees in this caravan are from 40,000 to 70,000;. 
accompanied with foldiers to protedf them from the pil¬ 
lage of the Arabs, and followed with eight or nine thou* 
fand camels, laden with all neceffary provifions forfo long- 
a paffage acrofs the deferts. Day’s journeys are diftin- 
guifhed in the eaft into journeys of horfe-caravans and ca¬ 
ravans of camels; thofe of horfes are equal to two-of ca¬ 
mels. There are four regular caravans, v\ hich go yearly 
to Mecca; the firft from Damafcus, compofed of the pil¬ 
grims from Europe and Afia; the fecond from Cairo, for 
the Mahometans of Barfiary ; the third-from Zibith.near 
the mouth of the Red Sea, where thofe of Arabia and India 
meet; the fourth from Babylon, where the Perfians aflem- 
ble. Moft of the inland commerce iq the eaft is carried 
on by caravans., Peter the Great eftabiiihed a trade be~. 
tween Ruftia and China by means of a caravan. In the 
heavy caravans, to 500 elephants there are 1000 dromeda¬ 
ries, and at leaft 2000Tories, efcorted by 4000 cavaliers. 
Two men-are required to lead each elephant, five to three 
dromedaries, and feven to twelve camelsfuch a number 
of fervants, joined with the officers and paffengers, whole 
number is not limited, renders the body very formidublei • 
As few of the Arab princes have any other fubftance 
than what they can get by pillage, they continually keep 
