?88 CAR 
fix, and tliofe ufually very unequal. It is found adher¬ 
ing by its bale to a hard ferruginous done of the emery 
kind,"and is always more finely coloured towards the point 
than in the bale of the column. Its ufual fize is near a 
quarter of an inch in length, and two thirds of that in dia¬ 
meter in its thickeft part. It bears the force of fire un¬ 
altered, not parting with its colour by it, as do molt of 
the gems. It is found only in the Ead-Indie-s, fo far as is 
yet known, and that but very rarely. 
The didinftions between the feveral red gems are very 
nice, and their names in fome degree arbitrary. Many au¬ 
thors have confounded the carbuncle with the ruby, and de¬ 
termined, withGarcias, that every ruby which exceeds twen¬ 
ty-four carafts in weight, was properly a carbuncle. This 
gem, however, is by all trials proved to be evidently the 
Carbuncle of the ancients, and elfentially different from the 
ruby in wanting the purplilh tinge into which the colour 
of that gem goes off, as is extremely evident in all the 
deep ones ; this going off into a true fcarlet, and for that 
reafon giving the colour of a lighted charcoal in the fun, 
which neither the ruby, garnet, nor any other gem, can 
do which has the blue or purple call. The finefl carbun¬ 
cles are faid to be produced in the ifland of Ceylon, the 
king of which country is polfelfed of a carbuncle a palm 
broad, and three inches thick, of the brightnefs of fire. 
The ancients called all red gems by this name ; but the 
carbunculus of Pliny was the fame as the oriental ruby of 
our jewellers. See Ruby. 
CARBUNCLE, or Anthrax, J. in furgery, an in¬ 
flammation which arifes with a velicle or blifter almolt 
like that produced by burning. See,S urgery. 
CAR'BUNCLE, J. in heraldry, a charge or bearing, 
confiding of eight radii, four whereof,make a common 
crofs, and the other four a faltier. 
CAR'BUNCLED, adj. Set with carbuncles: 
An armour all of gold ; it was a king’s— 
~—He has deferv’d it, were it carbunclcd 
Tike holy Phoebus’ car. Shakejpeare. 
Spotted ; deformed with carbuncles, blotches, or pimples. 
CARBUN'CULAR, adj. Belonging to a carbuncle; 
red like a carbuncle. 
CARBUNCULA'TION,/. [, carbunculatio , Lat.] The 
blading of the young buds of trees or plants, either byex- 
cedive heat., or excellive cold. 
CAR'.CANET,yi [ carcan , Fr.] A chain or collar of 
jewels.—I have feen her befet and bcdeck’t all over with 
emeralds and pearls, and a carcanet about-her neck. Hakezoi/l. 
C ARCAPU'LI,yi in botany. See Cambogia. 
CAR'CAR, a town of Spain, in Arragon, on the Ega : 
three leagues from Calahorra. 
CARCA'RA, a town of Italy, in tire duchy of Mont- 
ferrat, on the river Bormia : twelve miles ead of Ceva. 
This town was taken by the French republican army, in 
April 1796. 
CARCARIO'LA, a town of Italy, in the kingdom ot 
Naples, and province of Abruzzo Ultra: twenty-two 
miles wed of Aquila. 
CAR'CARUS,yi [xapmip, Gr. to refound.] A fever 
in which the patient has a continual horror and trembling, 
with an uncealing founding in his ears. 
CAR'CASS,yi [ carquajfe , Fr.] A dead body of any 
animal.—If a man vifits Ins ficlc friend in hope of legacy, 
lie is a vulture, and only waits for the carcajs. Taylor. 
Where cattle paftur’d late, now fcatter’d lies, 
With carcajjes and arms, th’ infanguin’d field. Milton. 
Body : in a ludicrousfenfe. —He that finds himfelf in any 
didrefs, either of carcajs or of fortune, Ihoiild deliberate 
upon the matter before he prays for a change. L'F.Jlravgc. 
The decayed parts of any thing ; the ruins; the remains ; 
A rotten carcajs of a boat, not rigg’d, 
Nor tackle, fail, nor mad. Shakcjpeare. 
The main parts, naked, without completion or ornament; 
CAR 
as, the walls of a h.onfe.—What could be thought a fuF 
ficient motive to have liad an eternal carcajs of an uni- « 
verfe, wherein the materials and politions ot it were'eter- 
.nally laid together ? Hale. — In gunnery: a kind of bomb,’, 
ufually oblong, confiding of a iliell or cafe, fornetimes of 
iron with holes, more commonly of a coarle drong fluff, 
pitched over and girt with iron hoops, filled with Com- 
bultibles, and thrown front a mortar. 
CARCASSO'NE, a town of France, and principal 
place of a didrift, in the department of the Aude, for¬ 
merly the capital of a county, and before the revolution 
the leat of a governor, and the fee of a bidtop, fuffragan 
of Narbonne. It is fituated on the Aude, and is divided 
into the Old and Mew Town, and defended by a caftle, 
walls, and ditches. The New Town is regularly built in 
the form of a long fquare. There is a confiderable ma¬ 
nufacture of fine cloth. T he number of inhabitants is ef- 
timated at ip,6oo : fifteen pods north-wed of Perpignan, 
and ninety-feven fout.h of Paris. Lat. 43. 13.N. Ion. 20. 1. 
E. Ferro. 
CARCAT'TY, a town of the ifland of Ceylon : thir¬ 
ty-five miles north-well of Trincomale. 
CARCAVEE', a town of lltria: five miles fouth-fouth- 
wed of Capo d’idria. 
CARCA'VI (Peter de), was born at Lyons, but in 
what year is not known. He was counfellor to the par¬ 
liament of Touloufe, afterwards counfellor to the grand 
council, and keeper of the king’s library. He was ap¬ 
pointed geometrician to the French academy of feiences 
in 1666 ; and died at Paris in 1684- ft here are extant 
fome letters of his, printed among thofe of Defcartes. 
C AR'CERES,/. in the ancient Circenfian games, were 
inclofures in the circus, wherein the liOrfes were redrain¬ 
ed till the fignal was given for darting, when by an ad¬ 
mirable contrivance, they all at once flew open. 
CAR'CELAGE,/. [from career, Lat. a prifon.] Pri- 
fon fees. 
CARCHE'MISH, anciently a town upon the Euphrates, 
belonging to the A (Tyrians. Necho king of Egypt todk it 
from the king of Afiyria, 2 Citron, xxxv. 20. Necho left 
agarrifon in it, which was taken and cut to pieces, iq the 
fourth year of Jehoiachan king of Judah, by Nebuchad¬ 
nezzar king of Babylon, 2 Rings xxiii. 29. Ifaiab (x. 9.) 
lpeaks of Carchemilh, and feems to fay, that Tiglath-pU 
lefer made a conquelt of it, perhaps from the Egyptians. 
This is thought to be the fame city with that called Cir- 
cefium by the Greeks and Latins. 
CARCHERD', a town of Perfia, in the province of 
Chorafan : forty-five miles north-well of Herat. 
CARCINO'MA,y. [from y.ag/.moq, the crab.] A fpe- 
cies of cancer ; fo named from the crab-like appearance 
which its rough edges and tumid veins make. A difeafe 
in the horny coat of the eye. 
CARCINO'MATOUS, adj. Cancerous; tending to a 
cancer. 
CARCI'NUS, a tragic poet of Agrigentum, in the age 
of Philip of Macedon. He wrote on the rape of Profer- 
pine. Diod. A man of Rhegium, who expofed his fon 
Agathocles on account of lome uncommon dreams during 
his wife’s pregnancy. -Agathocles was preferved. Diod. 
CAR'CRAIG, a fmall ifland of Scotland,^ in the Fritli 
of Forth : feven miles fouth-ead of Dumfcrline. 
CARD,yi [carte, Fr. charta , Lat.] A paper painted 
with figures, tiled in games of chance or (kill ; 
Soon as (he fpreads her hand, th’ aerial guard 
Defcend, and fit on each important card. Pope. 
The inventor of cards is not known, nor even the age 
when they fird appeared ; but, by the matter they were 
always made of, viz. leaves of paper, they fliould feem to 
be much poderior to the time of Charlemagne. They are 
faid to have been invented about the year 1390, to divert 
Charles VI. when king of France, \vho was fallen into a 
melancholy difpofition. By the four fuits, or colours, 
the inventor might dftign to reprefpnt the four dates or 
clalfe$ 
