CARDAMINE. 
79° 
fniock : leaves fimple, oblong-toothed. Root perennial ; 
items from three to fix inches high, reclining at the bale, 
and increafing by offsets. Native of Sweden, Denmark, 
Stlefiu, Wales, Scotland; on lofty moift rocks ; flowering 
in May and June; perennial. 
11 . Leaves ternate. 5. Cardamine refedifolia, or rock¬ 
et-leaved crefs: lower leaves undivided, upper three-lobed 
and pinnate. Root biennial. Native of the South of 
France, the Swifs Alps, and the Pyrenees, Germany, 
Auflria, Piedmont; on the higheft rocks; flowering in July. 
6. Cardamine-trifolia, or three-leaved crefs: leaves 
ternate-obtuie, fie in aim oil naked. Native of Lapland, 
and Weftrogothia, Swilferland, Carniola, and Auflria. 
Cultivated 1629, by Parkinfon. 
7. Cardamine Africana, or African crefs : leaves ter¬ 
nate acuminate, Hem very branching. Native of Africa. 
Perennial ; flowering in May. 
HI. I.eaves pinnate. S. Cardamine chelidonia, or ce- 
landibe-leaved crels : leaves pinnate, leaflets in fives gaffi- 
ed. Stem herbaceous, eight inches high, with many af- 
cending branches ; flowers white, in fimple terminating 
Ipikes. Native of Italy, Siberia, and China. 
9. Cardamine impatiens, or impatient ladies fmoek : 
leaves pinnate, gafhed, flipuled. Root annual ; Items 
from fix to tw elve or eighteen inches high, angular, hol¬ 
low, ft iff, erect, fomewhat flexuole, fimple, or but little 
branched. It has the title of impatient from the elafticity 
of the filiqwes, which, if touched when they are ripe, 
fpring open, and call out their feeds with violence to a 
confiderable diftance. Linnaeus fays, that the flowers in 
Sweden have no petals, in both wild and cultivated plants: 
that, however, in 1764, he found one flower with white 
petals; Leers affirms that they never have petals with 
them ; Pollich and Woodward remarked none in what 
they examined ; Hudfon fays, that the flowers fometimes 
have no petals; but that at other times they have oblong 
ones, fcarcely longer than the calyx, but extremely fu¬ 
gacious : and his remark is certainly juft. Scopoli affirms 
that his fpecimens from Gorizio had no petals, but that 
the plants which he collected about Idria had. Others, 
as Ray, Crantz, Ailioni, Richard, Krocker, Villars, &c. 
fay that the flowers have petals, though they are very 
fmall, and deciduous. Grows on titc Swifs mountains, 
Sweden, Denmark, Germany, the South of France, Auf- 
tria, Carniola, Piedmont, the Pyrenees; with- us, in 
Derby (hire, Yotkfhire, Weftmoreland, Worctfterfltire, 
Somerfetffiire ; flowering in May and June. Johnfon, in 
Gerard, fays it-was firft introduced into our gardens by 
John Tradefcant; and that he found it about Bath, and 
in other places. 
10. Cardamine parviflora, or little-flowered ladies 
fmoek: leaves pinnate, without ftipules; leaflets lan- 
ceolate-obtufe, flowers corolled. It is an annual plant; 
Native of many parts of Europe. 
11. Cardamine Graeca, or Greek crefs, or ladies fmoek: 
leaves pinnate, leaflets palmate, equal, petioled. Root 
annual; height lefs than a fpan. Native of Sicily, Cor¬ 
nea, and the Greek iflands. 
12. Cardamine hirfuta, or hairy ladies fmoek: leaves 
pinnate, flowers four-ftamened and fix-ftamened. Root 
• annual, fibrous; flem a fpan high or more, (in wet ditches 
eighteen inches;) folid, upright, flexuofe, grooved or 
angular, purple near the bafe, and commonly very hairy, 
above nearly fmooth, branched, fometimes very much la. 
Early in the fpring, when the weather is cold, it has only 
four ftamens, but, as the fummer advances, it has con- 
ftantly fix. In a wet fituatjon and luxuriant foil, it lofes 
in a great degree its hairinefs ; in expofed places it feldom 
reaches more than fix or eight inches, and is generally 
much more hairy; when it grows fingly, it is much more 
branched. The leaflets vary much in fhape. Native of 
mot! parts of Europe, in wet fliady places; fmooth, on 
Mont Saleve in Savoy, near Geneva; hairy, common in 
Warwickffiire; not fo near London, but' near Chelfea 
water-works, Highgate, Hampftead, &c. It flowers in 
April and May. The young leaves are a good falad in 
the fpring. 
13. Cardamine pratenfis, or common ladies fmoek, or 
cuckoo-flower : leaves pinnate, the radical leaflets round, 
ifh, thole on the fiem lanceolate. Root perennial; (lent 
nine inches ora foot high, upright, at top a little branch¬ 
ed, round, fcarce perceptibly angular, fmooth, ftiffifh, 
with a purplifh tinge at bottom. Mod authors (peak of 
the corolla as being purple ; it is Angular, therefore, that 
our poets fltould allude to the fil very vvhitenefs of it, when 
it is generally more or lefs tinged with purple till it lias 
been bleached by the fun. It is very general in moift 
meadows, and by the Tides of ditches and ftreams, flower¬ 
ing in April and May. From its early appearance, the 
name of cuckoo-Jlorvcr lias been given to this, among many 
other fpring plants. The young leaves of this, and fome 
of the other forts, are gathered in the fpring, and put into 
l’alads,' inftead of crefs, of which they have the flavour, 
and the antifcorbutic quality. Kine feldom touch it, 
but ftieep will eat it, at leaf! when they are firft turned into 
a meadow or niarfli. The virtueof the flow'ers in hyfteric 
and epileptic cafes, was firft mentioned by Ray and Dale, 
from Dr. Tancred Robinfon ; and fince by Dr. Baker. 
The dole is from twenty to ninety grains twice a-day, of 
the powder of the dried flowers. But from the difufe 
into which this medicine has fallen, it fhould feem that it 
had not anfwered the expectations of practitioners. Cafes, 
how ever, have fometimes occurred in the practice of very 
eminent phyficians, in which epilepfies, and obftinate 
head-achs, even in old people, after yielding to no other 
remedies, have been cured by this medicine given in the 
quantity before mentioned about twice a-day or oftener. 
It commonly operates by inducing a degree of haemor¬ 
rhage per anuni, and fometimes from the other enntnc- 
tories. It Teems particularly ferviceable in thole kinds of 
epilepfies which are brought on by the recefs or want of 
the menfes. It has alio been confidered as ufeful in fcorbu- 
tic cafes, like many other plants of the fame natural order. 
14. Cardamine antara, or bitter crefs, or ladies fmoek: 
leaves pinnate, axillas ftoloniferoits. Mr. Curtis lias ad¬ 
mirably well diftinguiflied this, from the foregoing com¬ 
mon fort. The flem-leafiets are large, broad, and very 
angular, refembling tliofe of water-crefs. It is in every 
refpeft a larger plant than that, its blofloms excepted, 
which are nearly of the fame fize. Tliele are always per¬ 
fectly white: the antherae, which in the pratenfis are 
yellow, are in this of a deep purple ; the tips of them are 
alfo more curled up : the ftyle, which in the pratenfis is 
upright, in the amara has an unufual obliquity. Towards 
the bottom of the ftalk, this is more difpofed to throw 
outrunners: it is alfo more local, and rather afieCls the 
edges of ftreams, than the open meadow. Native of 
Sweden, Sw’ilTerland, Germany, France, Piedmont. With 
us, near London, at Chelfea, Batterfea, Lewi fit am, Ux¬ 
bridge, Harefield ; Dorking in Surry; Braintree in Eftex; 
Middleton in Warwickffiire ; Aftori near Birmingham ; 
above Worcefter; and Great Contberton in Worcefter- 
fliire; nearNorwich; Bungay, Suffolk : and in Scotland. 
Near rivulets, on the banks of rivers, in boggy places, 
and moift meadows: flowering in April and May. Pe¬ 
rennial. The young leaves are acrid and bitteriffi, but do 
not tafte amifs in falads. They are pungent, bitter and 
aromatic, in fuch a degree as to promife very confiderable 
medical ufes. 
15. Cardamine Virginica, or Virginian crefs: leaves 
pinnate, leaflets lanceolate, one-toothed at the bafe. Na¬ 
tive of Virginia. 
16. Cardamine thaliClroides: leaves ternate, pinnate 
and fimple ; leaflets obliquely lobed, roundiffi ; petals 
thrice the length of the calyx. Native of Mont Cenis, 
St. Bernard, the Grand Chartreufe, &c. Biennial. It 
Teems doubtful whether Villars’s plant be the fame with 
Allioni’s, the petals being white and not emarginate. His 
figure, however agrees witli it; and fo does Ambrofini’s. 
Villars adds, that it produces leveral weak ftems, which 
are 
