794 C A R % 
to a thick fle(hy lamina, and are rolled op fpirally. Lou- 
i eiro remarks, ihat Rumphius’s figure does not agree very 
well with his plant, either in the item or the many-flow¬ 
ered peduncles. This fpecies was cultivated by Gerarde, 
in 1394. It flowers here in July. 
2. Cardiofperrnum corindum, cr woolly-leaved heart- 
pea, or parfley-leaved heart-feed : leaves tomentole un¬ 
derneath. The lecond fort rifes with a (lender, chan¬ 
nelled, climbing, ftalk, to the height of four or five feet, 
lending out many fide brandies, with leaves, upon very 
long foot-ftalks, coming out oppofite at the lower part of 
the Ilalk ; but upward the leaves come out on one fide, 
and the peduncle at t|te oppofite; the petioles are divided 
into three, each of which lit (tains fmall leaves, which are 
again divided into three parts, that are fnarply cut 011 
their edges, and .end in (harp points. The peduncles are 
long, naked, and towards the top divided into three fliort 
ones, each fuflaining q Tingle flower. Immediately under 
thefe divifions, come out tendrils orclafpers, like thofe of 
the vine, but fmaller; thefe faften themfelves to what¬ 
ever plants grow near them, and are thereby fupported. 
fidie flowers are fmall, white, and compofed of four fmall 
concave petals, two of which, (landing oppolite, are larger 
than the others; when thefe fall away, the germ becomes 
a -large inflated bladder, having three lobes, in each of 
which is contained one, two, and fometimes three, feeds, 
which are round, hard, and the fize of fmall peafe, eaclt 
being marked with a black fpot in fhapeof a heart. This 
refembles the former fpecies, but the capfules and under 
Surface of the leaves are tomentole. The peduncles flip- 
porting ten or eleven flowers, among the tendrils, are (tiff 
and remain after the fructification is pad. The capfules 
are narrower. Native of Brafil, and according to Lou- 
reiro, of the fuburbs of Canton in China. Cultivated in 
3759, by Mr. Miller. It flowers in July and Atigufl. 
3. Cardiofperrnum grandiflorum, or great-flowered 
heart-feed : leaves pubefeent, capfules acuminate, very 
large, fmooth and even. Native of Jamaica. 
Propagation and Culture. In the Indies thefe plants climb 
upon whatever lltrubs are near them, and rife to the height 
of eight or ten feet ; but in England they are feldom much 
above half fo high ; they fend out many fide branches, 
which fpveadto a confiderable diflance ; and, if permitted, 
they will faflen themfelves to the neighbouring plants by 
their fmall tendrils. They are annual, and perilh foon 
lifter they have perfected their feeds ; and, being natives 
of hot countries,' they will not thrive in England but in a 
Hove. They are propagated by feeds, which fhould be 
town upon a hot-bed in the fpring ; and, when the plants 
are two inches high, they fhould be each tranfplanted into 
a pot filled with light Tandy earth,- not too rich ; then 
plunged into a very moderate hot-bed, where they mud 
lie carefully (haded until they have taken frefli root; af¬ 
ter which they mud have a large (hare of air, to prevent 
s- heir being drawn up tall and weak; and, when their roots 
have filled the pots, they (hoiild be carefully fliaken out, 
preferring all the earth to the roots, and put into pots 
which are a little larger, filling them up with the fame 
light earth, and placing them either under a deep frame, 
cp behind the plants in the dove, where they may be 
frreened from the fun till they are well fettled in the pots; 
after which they may be removed into a glafs-cafe, where 
they may have room to grow and be fereened from the 
cold of the nights, but in warm weather they will require 
•much air. With this management they will flower in 
July, and their feeds will ripen in autumn. 
CARDISPER'MUM,/. in botany. See Calendula. 
CARDI'TIS,/! from ■/.a.goia., the heart.] An 
inflammation of the heart. 
CARDl'TO, a'i^wn of Italy, in the kingdom of Na¬ 
ples, and province of Calabria Ultra; eight miles ead 
ion thread Reggio. 
CAR'DIUM, the Cockle, f. A genus of fiflt belong¬ 
ing to the order of vermes tedapece. The IhelCcOnfids of 
■tv>0 equal valves, and the Tides are equal. Ljuinwus del- 
C A R 
cubes twenty-one fpecies of this genus, which are com-' 
mon on all Tandy coafts, lodged a little beneath the (and. 
They are by many people conddered ,as wholefome food. 
See Concholocy. 
CARD-MA'KER,/ A maker of cards.—Am not 1 
Chridophero Sly, by. occupation a card-maker ? Shake/. 
CARD'MATCH,/ A match made by dipping pieces 
of card in melted fulphur.—Take care, that thole may 
not make the mod noife who have the lead to fell; which 
is very obfervable in the venders of cardmatches. Addifon . 
CARDO'NA, a town of Spain, in the province t>f Ca¬ 
talonia, on a fmall river which runs into the Lobregap. 
In the war oi the fuccellion it took part with the arch- 
d.uke, and held out a confiderable time. In the neigh¬ 
bourhood is a mountain of fait of various colours : eight 
miles fouth-ead of Solfona, and forty north-north-wed of 
Barcelona. Lat. 41.55. N. Ion. 18. 15. E. Teneriffe. 
CARDONE'RO, a river of Spain, which runs into the 
Llobregat, at Manxes, in the province of Catalonia. 
C ARDO'ON,yi in botany. See Cynara. 
C ARDUNCEL'LUS,yi in botany. See Carthamusw 
CARDUN'CULUS,yi in botany. See Cynara. 
CAR'DUO-CIR'SIUM, f. in botany. See Cnicus 
and Serratula. 
CAR'DUUS,yi [a carere, being fit to teafe wool.] The 
Thistle ; in botany, a genus of the clafs fyngenefia, or¬ 
der polygamia aequa’.is, natural order compofitce capi- 
tatae. The generic characters are—Calyx : common ven- 
tricofe, imbricate, feales very numerous, lanceolate, aett- 
imnate, fpiny. Corolla: compound, tubular, uniform; 
Corollules hermaphrodite, fubequal, refiedted; the pro¬ 
per one mono-petalous, infundibulifurm : tube very (len¬ 
der ; border erect, ovate at the bafe, quinquefid; divi- 
fions linear, equal, one more deeply feparated than the red. 
Stamina : filaments five, capillary, very fliort; anthers 
cylindrical, tubular, length of the corollule, five-toothed 
at the mouth. Pidillum : germ ovate ; flyle filiform, 
longer than the ftamens; digma Ample, Tubulate, naked, 
emarginate. Pericarpium : none; calyx converging a 
little. Seeds folitary, obovate, four-cornered, the two 
oppofite corners obliterated ; down feflile, very long. Re¬ 
ceptacle : hairy, flat.— EJfential CharaElcr. Calyx ovate, 
imbricate with fpiny feales ; receptacle hairy. 
Species. 1. Carduus leucographus: leaves decurrent, 
toothed, fpiny; peduncles naked, very long, one-flower, 
ed; calyxes fpiny, inclined. Root annual; Item three 
feet high; down Ample. Native of the county of Nice, 
and Campania. 
2. Carduus lanceolatus, or fpear thidle : leavesdecur- 
rent, pinnatifid, hifpid ; divifions divaricate ; calyxes 
ovate, fpiny, villofe ; dem hairy. Root biennial ; dem 
upright, three or four feet high, angular, downy, fre¬ 
quently purple; leaves downy, and fea-green underneath, 
hairy and deep green above. It is fometimes found of 
the height of a man, with heads twice the fize of the com¬ 
mon : as alfo with fmaller heads,in all refpedts a lefs plant. 
Grows in road Tides, hedges, and fallows ; flowering in 
July. In Yorkfliire it is called bur-thidle. This, in com¬ 
mon with mod of the thidles, is looked upon merely in 
the light of a noxious weed ; and yet Linnaeus remarks, 
very judicioufly, that it preferves annual plants, by pro- 
tedding them with its fpines, and giving them an oppor¬ 
tunity of feeding in quiet. If a heap of clay be thrown 
up, fays Dr. Withering, nothing would grow upon it for 
fev-eral years, did not the feeds of this plant, wafted by the 
wind, fix and vegetate thereon. Under the (belter of this, 
other vegetables appear, and the whole foon becomes fer¬ 
tile. The flowers, like thofe of the artichoke, See. have 
the property of curdling milk. The feeds are eaten by 
fmall birds. 
3. Carduus arabicus, or Arabian thidle: leaves decur¬ 
rent, pinnatifld, lanuginoufiy villofe, divifions divaricate ; 
calyxes oblong, fpinulofe, feflile, aggregate. Root an¬ 
nual, fufiform, white; dem ereft, about a foot high; 
leaves dirty green above, pale beneath; feeds fmooth. 
4 4. Car-' 
