C A R D U U S« 
ton, near Norwich ; A£lon, in Gloucefterlhire ; a meadow 
near Highgate ; Hpunflow-heath ; near Croydon ; in Scot¬ 
land. They are both perennial, and flower in July. 
32. Carduus ferratuloides, or law-wort thiftle : leaves 
rather ftem-clafping, lanceolate, entire, ferratures fpiny- 
fetaceous, peduncles one-flowered. Differs from the fore- 
-going (which it refembles very much) in having a Aem 
leff by half, fcarcely grooved ; leaves narrower, the 
■floral ones lanceolate, not Tubulate. In a garden it ac¬ 
quires many Items, divided at top into five or fix long 
•peduncles, which are fometimes fubdivided ; the leaves 
alfo are much larger, more toothed ; and the lower ones 
more decurrent. Native of Siberia, Svvilferland, Auftria, 
Carniola, Piedmont, and Montpellier. Introduced 1765 
by John earl of Bute. 
33. Carduus tataricus, or Tartarian thiftle: leaves 
Item-clafping, lanceolate, ferratures fpiny-fetaceous, flow¬ 
ers three-leaved. Habit and height of the foregoing, of 
which it might be taken for a variety ; but the leaves are 
twice as broad, more toothed, fcarcely tomentofe under¬ 
neath. Native of Siberia. Perennial. Introduced in 
1775 by Jacquin. 
34. Carduus ciliatus, or ciliate thiftle : leaves lialf- 
ftem-clafping, pinnatifid, laciniate, fpiny-tomentofe be¬ 
neath, fcalcs of the calyx ciliate reflex at the bafe. This 
is a perennial plant. The Items are many from the fame 
root ; and are about a finger’s breath in thicknefs, or 
fcarce fo much; narrow, round, furnifhed with promi¬ 
nent lines, hirfute with horizontal white hairs. They are 
about five or fix feet high, and branched on the upper 
part. The branches are compofite, alternate, afeending, 
and about a foot long ; dividing at the top into three 
others or branchlets, which are fhort, and flexuofe, but 
in other refpedts refemble thofe on the ftem. The radical 
leaves of this plant are a foot and a half long, fpreading in 
all directions, and furnifhed with either alternate or op- 
pofite lacinia:, of which the laft or odd one is finuate- 
toothed; the lateral ones gradually decreafe in fize as 
they approach the bafe, and are finuate-bipartite ; the 
legs or divarications of thefe leaves are linear and alter¬ 
nating with two final 1 rounded lobes with a purp.le chan¬ 
nel towards the bafe. The ftem-leaves are about a foot 
long, half-ftem-clafping, horizontal, alternate; with di¬ 
varicated linear-bipartite fegtnents, of which the hither-? 
moft is the leaft. They are rough and green above ; be¬ 
neath downy and white ; the margins and tips of the feg- 
ments have ftraw-coloured Tubulate fpines, formed from 
the continuations of the ftraw-coloured veins of the leaves. 
The flower is terminal, and folitary on the top of each 
branchlet; calyx globofe, and fquarrofe ; the feales end¬ 
ing in a ftraight fpine ; corolla purple-red ; feeds fcarcely 
four-cornered, and of a pale purple. The feeds of this 
plant were received from Siberia by Mr. Murray in the 
year 1779. 
35. Carduus flavefeens : leaves lanceolate, entire, un¬ 
armed, toothed, fmooth, flowers leaflefs, vveak-fpiny. 
Stem eighteen inches high, upright, grooved, fmooth, 
-fparingly branched. Found in Spain by Loefling, and in 
Silefia by Krocker. 
36. Carduus rivularis: leaves at bottom pinnatifid into 
oblong divilions, at top entire and ferrate, weak-fpiny, fef- 
file, ftem unarmed, flowers in heads. Root perennial ; 
ftem ulually Tingle, two or three feet high, ereCt, round, 
hollow, a little villofe, angular at bottom, ftriated at top. 
Pound Ample, but fometimes it puts forth fiiort one-flow¬ 
ering branches from Tome, feldom from all, the axils; 
fometimes, efpecially towards the top, it is covered with 
a white wool, and ends either in one flower, ora few col- 
lecled into a head ; feldom five, fix, or more, and in that 
cafe the lower are peduncled. Radical leaves lanceolate, 
tHe bafe attenuated into the petiole and toothed; the 
others feflile or ftem-clafping, not decurrent ; pinnatifid 
more or lefs deeply gaflied, divifions lanceolate or oblong, 
acuminate, ciliate-ferrulate, harmlefs, the outmoft larger; 
all fubvillofe, deeper green .above, whitifh underneath. 
VcL.Jil, No. 16,2. 
Inftead of leaves, the upper part of the ftem lias only a 
few very diflant brakes, lanceolate and acuminate.; calyx 
ovate, lomev hat glutinous, but not villofe ; feales lanceo¬ 
late-acuminate, harmlefs, the outer dark green, the in¬ 
ner dark purple and gradually longer; corotlules purple; 
In moift meadows; beginning to flower the middle of May. 
37. Carduus mollis : leaves pinnatifid, linear, tomen¬ 
tofe beneath, ftem one-flowered, unarmed. Stem one, 
ereCt, a foot and a half or two feet high, rout:.!, a little 
angular, tomentofe, fometimes tinged with red, the lize 
of a pen or rather larger. The whole plant fmells ftrong 
of mulk. It flowers in May and June, about Montpcl- 
l:ei'; and in Germany,. Auftria, and Carniola, flowering 
in July and Auguft. 
38. Carduus acaulis, or dwarf carline thiftle : ftern- 
lels; calyx fmooth. Stem from one to three inches high ; 
leaves lying clofe to the ground, with one purple flower 
in the midft of them ; feed very fmall, with a Ample down. 
Linnaeus obferves very juftly, that this dwarf plant oc¬ 
cupies a foot in diameter, not fuffering any plant to grow 
beneath it; and that it is therefore injurious to paftures. It 
affects dry open lituations, fuch as heaths and downs'; 
particularly where the foil is calcareous. It is found in 
1110ft parts of Europe; flowers in July ; and is perennial. 
39. Carduus inclinans, or thiftle upon thiftle : leaves 
decurrent, thorny at the edge; calyxes, roundifti, lax, 
feales of the calyx Tubulate, ftraight, the innermoft un¬ 
armed, coloured. This is found on ditch banks and road? 
fides, in hedges, among briars, in wafte places, and on 
the borders of corn fields; flowering in July. It is an 
annual plant. 
40. Carduus pratenfis, or Englifti foft or gentle thiftle. 
Tingle-headed or meadow thiftle: leaves feflile, half-ftem- 
clafping, lanceolate, fomewhat toothed, fringed with fmall. 
unequal thorns, ftem moftly one-flowered. Grows in mar- 
Ihy places, and fwampy meadows. 
41. Carduus carniolicus : lower leaves pinnatifid, on 
Ihort petioles, upper ones flem-clafping, heads (three or 
four) terminal, heaped. Stem two feet high, ftriated, 
Ample, not winged, the thicknefs of the little"finger. Na¬ 
tive of Carniola, Auftria, and Piedmont. 
42. Carduus carlinoides, or Pyrenean thiftle: leaves 
decurrent, decurfively pinnate ; pinnules palmate-quadri- 
fid, aculeate-, woolly; ftem corymbed, many-flowered ; 
flowers glomerate. Root perennial. This is a very hand- 
fome fpecies, and is a native of the Pyrenees, and of the 
mountains about Teiide, &c. Allioni lays it is annual 3 
according to others, if is biennial. Introduced in 1784, 
by Calimir Gomez Ortega, M.D. 
43. Carduus medius : leaves decurrent, pinnatifid, thor¬ 
ny about the edge; ftem one-flowerCd ; peduncle very long; 
feales of the calyx unarmed, fpreading, briftle-fhaped. 
Stem a cubit high, very Ample, eretl; leaves lanceolate, 
an inch wide, three inches long, above very fmooth ami 
green, underneath Ihaggy-fcabrous,- the nerve efpecially 
being rough with hairs, prows on the Pyrenees, and on 
the mountains of Piedmont. Biennial. 
44. Carduus ochroleucus: leaves pinnate ; pinnasciliate; 
feales of the calyx recurved. Height two feet; peren¬ 
nial. Native of Col di Tende, &c. 
45. Carduus pyrenaicuS : leaves decurrent, oblong-lan¬ 
ceolate, ciliate at the edge, fpiny and tomentofe on both 
Tides ; flowers Tub feflile. Stem three feet high, or more, 
ftriated, green, fmooth ; perennial. Native of Provence, 
Auftria, and Piedmont. 
46. Carduus paniculatus, or paniejed thiftle: leaves 
fetnidecurrent, oblong-lanceolate, unequal,ciliate, fmooth, 
the lower lyrate waved ; flowers panicled. This is-a pe¬ 
rennial plant, native of the Couth of Europe, flowering 
in June and July. It was introduced in 1781, by M. 
Thou in* 
47. Carduus rigens, or upright Alpine .thiftle : leaves 
oblong-lanceolate, fmooth, thorny at the edge-, pinnatifid; 
fegments oblique, lobed ; calyxes oblong, braCted. This 
allu is perennial, a native of Swiflerland, flowering in ju- 
9 R ly 
