79S CAR 
ly and Augtfft ; and was introduced in 1775, by dotors 
Eit'cairn and Fother,gill. 
48. Carduus diaeantha: leaves fefTde, lanceolate, to¬ 
mentofe underneath ; fpines. in pairs ; flowers corymbed. 
Stem two feet high, (Iraight, Angle, (Iriated, tomentofe ; 
leaves fmooth on the upper firrlace, with the nerves white, 
and wliite on the under 1 'urface ; flowers few, on Angle, 
llriated, tomentofe, peduncles, ibnretimes naked, fome- 
times clothed with a leaf or two. Native of Mount Libanus. 
49. Carduus pinnatifidus : leaves pinnatifid, tomentofe; 
nerves woolly ; item one-flowered. Root fliort, fibrous, 
annual ; Item half a foot high, upright, foli.'ary, very to- 
mentufe, as is the whole plant. Native of Spain ; flower¬ 
ing at the end of May and in June. 
50. Carduus gnaphaloides: leaves feffile, in a fort of 
whorl, lanceolate, quite entire, tomentofe beneath. Root 
perennial, woolly, adhering to the clefts of rocks, whence 
the plant hangs ; denis branching very much, from a foot 
to two feet in height, round, white, with a clofe nap, 
clothed with leaves from top to bottom ; leaves lanceo¬ 
late-linear, crowded, at bottom in a fort of whorl, two 
or three inches long, a little rolled back on the Aides, the 
tipper furface green and fmooth, except the bafe, which 
is hoary even above ; upper leaves alternate, (horter, all 
rolled back ; the leaves of the former year continue dried 
on at the bottom of the (lent. The branches, in the wild 
Bate, are commonly one-flowered, but in gardens they 
are bifid or trifid at the end ; flowers terminating, purple, 
an inch in length. It flowers early in the fpring, and 
continues flowering through the fummer to the autumn ; 
the corolla fntells fvveet; the leaves are dry and inlipid to 
tlte tafte. It is a native of the farther Calabria, where it 
was gathered in 1783, by Angelo Fufani ; before that, it 
Was known to exilt only in the herbarium of Ferrantes I111- 
perati, under the name of Jacea. It grows very luxuri- 
-ant in a garden ; in its native foil, the leaves are only half 
the width, and much more tomentofe. 
51. Carduus tenuifiorus, or (lender-flowered t hi file : 
leaves decurrent, prickly about the edge ; branches ftiff; 
calyxes aggregate, feffile, oblong-conical ; feales upright, 
fpreading at top, prickly at the end. Root annual; (tern 
from two to three teet high, upright, branched at the bafe ; 
branches few, long, upright, perfetly (Iraight, roundifli, 
ilightly grooved, cottony, particularly towards the top, 
with broad, fpinous, wings ; feeds and down nearly the 
fame as in No. 5. John Bauhin appears to be the firft 
•writer who accurately determined tins fpecies ; Ray af¬ 
terwards gave an accurate deicription of it ; and Mot ifon 
charateriftically defined it. It is probable Linnaeus never 
favv this thifile, as it is not a Svvedifli plant, nor a very 
-general European one. It is very common in the neigh¬ 
bourhood of London, growing in the very fuburbs; it af¬ 
fects warm flickered lunations, and is frequently found 
under paling, walls, hedges, ditch-banks, and near the fea- 
fide ; flowering from June to Augufl. It is known by its 
upright growth, the breadth of the wings on the (talks, 
the grey appearance of the foliage, and above all by its 
long clufiered heads, producing fmall fiowers, of a pale 
purple cr flefh-colour, little longer than the very (harp 
fpines of the calyx. 
Propagation and Culture. We confider Unities as plants 
to be eradicated rather than cultivated ; as weeds more 
than as ufcful or ornamental vegetables. Few of them 
indeed are found in gardens, and they have refpet paid 
them only as being ft rangers.- The greater part of the fpe- 
xies, being biennial, mult be railed from feeds; the pe¬ 
rennial (orts are alio ealily increafed this way, or by the 
roots. Hie feeds of the twenty-third fpecies fhould be 
jown wkere they are to remain, on a warm border in the 
fpring, otherwife they will not live through the winter. 
Tlte feeds of the twenty.fourth Ihould be lown on a bed 
of light earth in the fpring, where the plants are to remain, 
for they do not bear tranfplanting, unlefs it be performed 
when they are very young ; for they (end long (lender roots 
ileep into the ground, and, if thefe be broken, the plan: 
CAR 
feldom futvives. The only care they require is to keep 
them clean from weeds, and to thin them where they are 
too clofe. Some of our Englifti thiftles are not itnfightly 
plants, though they are not ple3fant to handle. Of tliefe 
the twenty-fifth and twenly-feventh forts may be allowed 
a place in large gardens. 
The feeds of the milk thifile fhould be fown very thin, 
and, when the plants are come up fo as to be well difiin- 
gitifhed, the ground fhould be hoed, to cut down all the 
young weeds, and the plants left a foot and a half diftant; 
and the following fummer the plants fhould be kept clean 
from weeds. In the autumn, if they are intended for fa- 
lads, the leaves fhould be tied up, and the earth drawn 
up clofe to blanch them ; when they are properly whiten¬ 
ed, they will be fit for ufe. This and the woolly-headed 
thifile will maintain their ground when once introduced 
into a garden, and fow themfelves. They do not flower 
till the fccond year, and then the whole plant perillies. 
Thefe confine themfelves to road-fides and wade places : 
and are not common enough to be confidered as weeds. 
The next to thefe in appearance is the nntlk thifile, ealily 
known by its nodding bright purple heads, and niufley 
feent. This does not confine itfelf to the borders, but 
takes pofiefiion of the arable lands, and good foils, and 
does real injury to the farmer. But the fpecies by far the 
molt common is the fpear thifile, a very large and fuccu- 
len.t plant, fufficiently known on all fircmg lands. I have 
feen the air perfectly filled with the down of this thifile, 
for miles together, on a windy day, flying along, till it 
was intercepted by a hedge, bank, or riling ground. The 
greateft part of it indeed is down without feed ; and for 
tliis the hufbandman is obliged to the goldfinches and other 
fmall birds : they have, however, generally left enough 
to (lock his grounds. And the misfortune is, that let a 
farmer be ever fo neat himfelf, if lie happens to live near 
a fiovenly neighbour, he will be flocked annually, from 
the other’s negleCted banks, headlands, and fallows. No¬ 
thing is eafier than to deftroy thefe thiftles; for they are 
biennial plants, and require only to be mowed down be¬ 
fore they perfect their fc-eds. It is better to do this while 
the plant is yet tender, for as it advances to maturity the 
(talk grows very hard; but, if the operation lias been ne¬ 
glected till the feeds are forming, it will be a proper pre¬ 
caution to rake the plants into heaps and burn them. The 
allies may be afterwards fpread ; and as they contain a 
confiderable quantity of falts, will be of fome advantage 
to the land, which while in a living (late they impoverifti- 
ed. It is fcarcely neceflary to mention the other thiftles 
as -weeds, becaufe they are by no means fo common on 
cultivated lands, and, where they incommode the hufband- 
man, may be dellroyed in the fame way. We nuifi ex¬ 
cept the dwarf carline thifile, which occupies lo much 
room in paftures, and is not to be deftroyed but by plough¬ 
ing. This, however, is common only in very dry light 
lands, but is the great peft of the fheep downs. The great 
cotton thifile is an onopordum, and the moft definitive of 
all the tribe. The way thifile is a ferratula. See thofe 
two genera; fee alfo Acanthus, Arctium, Atrac- 
ty Lis, Carlina, Carthamus, Cnicus, Cynara, 
Drypis, Gorteria, Onopordum, Serratula, and 
Xeranthemum. 
CAR'DUUS BENEDIC'TUS. See Centaurea. 
CAR'DY, a rock in the Irifii Sea, near the call coaft 
of Ireland. Lat. 53. 39. N. Ion. < 5 . 9. W. Greenwich. 
CARE,/, [rare, Sax.] Solicitude; anxiety; perturba¬ 
tion of mind ; concern.—Raife in your foul the greateft 
care of fulfilling the divine will. Wake .—Camion ; often' 
in the phrafe, to have a care : 
Be gone i the prieft expets $011 at the altar. 
But, tyrant, have a care I come not thither. A. Philips. 
Regard ; charge ; heed in order to protetion and prefer- 
vation.—If we believe there is a God, that takes care of 
us, and we be careful to pleafe him, tliis cannot but be a 
mighty comfort to its. Tillotfon ,—it is a loofe and vague 
word. 
