So8 CAR 
vided into many parts, or lobes, which are deeply fmuated, 
or cut into irregular djyifi'ons; The whole plant abounds 
V ' v ith a milky acrid juice, which is eflcemed good for the 
ringworm: the ffem of tiiis plant, and alfo the foot-ftalks. 
cf the leaves, are hollow m the middle. The flowers of 
the male are produced from between the leaves bn the up¬ 
per part of the plant, on every fide ; they have peduncles 
near two feet long, at the ends of which the flowers (land 
in ioof'e cinders, each having a feparate fhort pedicel ; 
thcfc are of a pure white, and have an agreeable odour. 
Sometimes thele are fucceeded by final 1 fruit, about the 
fize and Hume of a Catherine pear, which has occafioned 
fome to fuppofe it was a diffinCt (pecies ; but 1 have fre¬ 
quently raped this, and the female or fruitful fort, from 
the fame feeds, and in general the male flowers fall away, 
without any fruit fucceeding them. The flowers of the 
female papaw alfo come out between the leaves, towards 
the upper part of the plant, upon very fhort peduncles, 
imgly, fitting clofe to the ffem ; they are large and bell - 
fitaped, compofed of fix petals, which are commonly yel¬ 
low, but thofe of the pyramidal fort are purple: when 
tliefe fall away, the germ, fw el Is to a large flelhy fruit, the 
tize ot a (mail melon, but of different forms ; fome are 
angular, and compreffed at both ends, others are oval and 
globular, and fome pyramidal ; the fruit alfo abounds 
'\Uli the fame acrid milky juice as the plants. This fruit, 
when ripe, is by the inhabitants of the Caribbee Iflands 
eaten wish pepper and fugar as melons, but is much infe¬ 
rior totoirr moff common melon in flavour, in its native" 
country ; thofe which have ripened in England werejde- 
t eft able : the only life we have known made of this fruit, 
was, when they were about half grown, to foak them in 
inlt water, to get out the milky juice, and pickle them for 
mangos, for which they have been a good fubffithte. Long ' 
informs ns, that the flowers, buds, and tender foot-flalks, 
of the female tree, are preferred as a fweetmear, and the 
long mango papaw or fruit as a pickle, which is little in¬ 
ferior to the Eaft-India mango. The rounder fruit when 
ripe is boiled, and eaten with any kind of Belli meat, and 
is looked upon as perfectly whoieforne; but, eaten raw, 
it contains an acrid juice, very injurious to the inteftines. 
The itegroes fuppofe that papaw-trees conduce to render 
the air healthy, and therefore plant them hear their honfes. 
The blo(IotnS‘ are extremely odoriferous, and the trunks 
fo fucculent, and their growth fo quick, that they may 
pollibly aflift to drain the foil, where they are planted, 
of fuperfluous moifiure. Thefe plants are fuppofed to 
be natives ot America, from whence they were carried to 
the Philippine Iflands, and to feveral parts of India, 
v here they are now pretty common. Though they have 
been fuppofed to have male flowers' only in Lome plants, 
and female on the other, yet 1 have often feen fmail fruit 
on the male, and have frequently had fruit on the female, 
whofe feeds have grown as Well as any ever fowed, 
though no male plants were in the fame ftove with them. 
Ray conjectured this tree to be fometimes androgynous, 
in order to account for what Marcgraaf affirmed, namely, 
that the male trees occalionally bore fruit, and that the fe¬ 
male trees bore fruit without having any male tree in the 
vicinity. The experience of the induftrious Miller, and 
the observations of modern botanifls, confirm the- conjec- 
?tire of the (agacious Kay. This tree is a native of both 
undies; and was cultivated in 1690 in the royal garden at 
If ampton Court. There'are feveral varieties of this fort, 
which differ in the fize and fhnpe of their fruit. Plumier 
mentions three of the female or fruitful papaw, befide the 
male, one of which he titles melon-(hiped, and the other 
fhaped like the fruit of the gourd ; and there is ano- 
" ther variety in England, with a large, fmooth, pyramidal, 
■fruit; but thefe'are fuppofed to be accidental varieties, 
which arife from the fame feeds. 
2. Carica poibpof.i, or dwarf papaw tree : lobes of the 
leaves ci t re. This'was'found growing in a garden at 
Lima, by.father FeniilCe,. and it was the only plant he 
i'aw of that fort in liis travels. Brpwne fays, that it ip 
CAR 
frequent in fome parts of Jamaica, and that it feldcm rifes 
above four or five feet in height. This differs from the 
other, in having a branching (talk, the lobes or divifibns 
of the leaves being entire, and the fruit being fhaped like 
a' pear. Feuillee fays that the fruits were of different 
(izes; that which he defigned was about eight inches 
long, and three and a half thick, yellow .-within and with¬ 
out, and of a fweet flavour ; the flower of a rofe-colour, 
and divided but into five parts. 
Propagation and Culture. Thefe plants, being natives of 
hot countries, will not thrive in England, unlefs they are 
preferved in a.warm (love: where there are fuch conve¬ 
niences, ofa proper height to contain tiie plants, they de- 
ferve a place as well as ahhoft any of the plants which are 
cultivated for ornament ; for when they are grown to a 
large lize, they make a noble appearance with their ffrong 
upright fetus, which are gatriifhed on every fide near the 
top with large fluffing leaves, fpreading out near three 
feet all round the ftems : the flowers of the male fort 
come out in cinders on every fide ; and the fruit of the fe¬ 
male growing round the (talks between the leaves, being 
fo different from any thing of European production, may 
intitle them to the care of the curious. They are eafily 
propagated by feeds, which are annually brought in plenty 
from the Weff-Indies. Thefe fliould be {'own in a hot¬ 
bed early in the fpring, that the plants may obtain flrength 
before the autumn : when the plants are near two inches 
high, they fliould be each tranfplanfed into a feparate 
fmail pot filled with a light, gentle, loamy, foil, and plunged 
into a hot-bed of "tanners’ bark, carefully (hading them 
from the fun till they have taken root; after which they 
muff be treated in the fame manner as other tender plants 
from the fame country; but as thefe plants have foft her¬ 
baceous (talks, and abound with a milky juice, they muff 
not have loo much water, for they are frequently killed 
with moifiure. There fliould alfo be great care taken, 
when tliefe plants are fhifted from fmail pots into larger, 
to preferve the whole ball of earth to their roots; for, 
whenever they are left bare, they rarely furvive it. As 
the plants advance in their growth, they will require 
larger pots; and, when they are too tall to remain under 
frames, they muff be placed in the tan-bed of the bark- 
ffove, where they fliould confiantly remain, being careful 
not to give them much water, efpecially during the win¬ 
ter feafon ; and in fummer their waterings fliould be often 
repeated, but given iii fmail quantities. With this ma¬ 
nagement I have raifed plants near twenty feet high in 
three years, which have produced their flowers and fruit 
in great perfection. In the Weff-Indies this tree is pro¬ 
pagated by layers as well as feeds. See Ficus. 
CARICATU'RE, f. [ caricdtvga , from caricare, Ital. 
to exaggerate. ] In paintifig-ur drawing, an exaggerated 
picture, produced by keeping down the obvious perfec¬ 
tions, and heightening the natural imperfections of any 
perfon or thing, yet fo as always to preferve a flriCt re- 
femb'lance of the objeCt intended. This art is moflly con¬ 
fined to portraits; and of late has been carried to fuch ex- 
cefs in ftigmatizing the characters of men and meafuresm 
the political bemifphere, that an aft of parliament has 
been paired with a view to reflrain it. 
To CARICATU'RE, v. n. To paint or draw the like- 
nefs of any perfon with exaggerated features, or with fuch 
diftortion of parts, and hyperbolical defoliations, as are 
calculated to difplay fome fuppofed vice, or folly, or im¬ 
perfection, of the perfon reprefented. It is generally 
taken in an invidious fenfe; as, to caricature by painting 
or drawing, is much tiie fame as to revile by words. 
“ The art of drawing caricature, (fays the late ingeni¬ 
ous captain Grofe, in his Effay on Comic Painting,) is 
generally confldercd as a dangerous acquifition, tending 
rather to "make the poffeffor feared than cfleemed. But 
it is certainly an unfair mode of reafoning, to urge the 
abufe to which any act is liable, as an argument agninft 
the utility of the art itfelt". To do juflice to the qlieffion, 
it fliould be ,con(idcred ; that caricature is one of the ele¬ 
ments 
