CAR 
CARLOWl'TZ. See Karlovits. 
CARLS'BAD, a town of Bohemia, in the circle of 
Saatz, on the river Egra, celebrated for its batiis of hot 
water, difcovered in the year 1370, by the emperor Charles 
] V. as he was hunting : fix miles north-eaft Elnbogen, and 
•fifty-fix weft of Prague. 
CARLSBRUN', a town of Bohemia, in the circle of 
Chrudim : IIx miles fouth of Leutmifchi. 
CARLS'BURG, a town of Germany, in the circle of 
Franconia, and bifliopric of Wurzburg, with a caftle, built 
by Charles the Bald, fituated on the Maine, oppofite Ca- 
riffadt. 
CARLS'BURG, or Carlstadt, a town of Germany, 
in the circle of Lower Saxony, and duchy of Bremen, in 
ruins : thirty miles north of Bremen. 
CARLSCRO'NA, a feaport town of Sweden, in the 
province of South Gothland, founded by Charles XL in 
1680, who removed the fleet from Stockholm to this 
place. The greateft part ftands upon a fmall rocky ifland, 
which rifes gently in a bay of tire Baltic ; the fuburbs ex¬ 
tend over another fmall rock, and along the mole clofe to 
the bafon, where the fleet is moored. The way into the 
town front the main land is carried over a dyke to an ifland, 
xnd from thence over two long wooden bridges, joined by 
a barren rock. The town is fpacious, and contains about 
18,000 inhabitants. It is adorned with two handfome 
churches, and a few houfes of brick; but the generality 
of buildings are of wood. The fuburbs are fortified to¬ 
wards the land by a ftone wall. The entrance into the 
harbour, which by nature is extremely difficult front the 
number of fltoals and rocky illands, is (till farther fecured 
front the attack of an enemy’s fleet by two ftrong forts, 
built on two iflands, under the batteries of which all 
veflels muff pafs. In 1714, a dock was begun to be 
hollowed in the folid rock, and made deep enough to re¬ 
ceive (hips of the largeft fize : this was flni filed in ten years. 
The harbour is large and commodious, with depth of wa¬ 
ter fufficient for (hips of the firft rate. The fhips are built 
at Carlfcrona chiefly by Englilh artifans. Though the 
provinces of Blekinge and Skone abound with oaks, yet, 
as there is not a fufficiency for a continued fupply, the 
Swedes procure their fhip-timber from Germany. They 
are itipplied from their own territories with mails and 
deals, pitch and tar, and the greateft pari of the flax ufed 
in the navy ; and manufacture‘their own ropes and fails 
from hemp, chiefly imported from Riga. They call their 
own cannon, and make their own gunpowder with Swe- 
difli faltpetre. Lat. 56. 10. N. Ion. 13. 30. E. Greenwich. 
CARL'SHAMN, or Carishaves, a feaport of Swe¬ 
den, in the province of Blefttngue, in the Baltic, built in 
1658, by Charles X. Here is a woollen manufactory, 
and a forge for Copper, and a timber yard : twenty-two 
miles weft of Carlfcrona. 
CARLS'MARCKT, a town of Silefta, in the princi¬ 
pality of Brieg : nine miles eaft of Brieg, and eight north- 
eaft of Grottgan. 
CARLSO'AR, a fmall ifland in the Baltic, near the 
weft c-oaftof the ifland of Gothland. 
CARLSRU'BE, a town of Germany, in the circle of 
Swabia, and margraviate of Baden DurlaCh ; fituated in 
a foreft, where the prince has a fine palace and gardens. 
It was founded by the margrave, Charles William, in 
1715. -Here are four churches, two for Roman Catholics, 
and two for Proteftants ; a fynagogue for Jews ; and about 
four hundred houfes, ail of an uniform height: two miles 
and a half N. W T . of Durlach, and eleven S. of Philipfburg. 
CARL'STADT, a town of Sweden, in the province 
of Warmeland, built on an ifland called Tinawalla , 013 the 
river Clara, on the north fide of the Wenner Lake: agree¬ 
ably fituated, and commercial, with manufactures of wool¬ 
len and linen, copper and iron. Near it is a medicinal 
fpring. It is the fee of a bifhop, and contains about 
1500 inhabitants. Lat. 51. 21. N. Ion. 13.18. E. Green. 
CARL'STADT, a town of’Germany, in the circle of 
Vo-l. 111 . No. 163. 
CAR 813 
Franconia, and bifhopric of Wurzburg, on the Maine: 
twelve miles north-weft of Wurzburg. 
CARL'STADT, or Carlowitz, a fortrefs of Cro¬ 
atia, at the conflux of the rivers Culpa and Corona : 164. 
miles S.S.W. of Vienna, and 204 W. of Belgrade. 
CARLUCET', a town of France, in the department’ 
of the Lot, and chief place of a canton, in the diftriCt of 
Gourdon : three leagues eaft of Gourdori. 
CARI.U'S, a town of France, in the department of the 
Dordogne, and chief place of a canton, in the diftriCt of 
Sadat : (lx miles eaft of Sarlat. 
CARMAGNO'I.A, a ftrong town of Piedmont, in the 
marquifate of Saluzzo. The word is (uppofed to be a di¬ 
minutive of Carmagna, the name of a town near, as if call¬ 
ed Little Carir.agira ; but, the inhabitants of the neighbour¬ 
hood aflembling by little and little at Carmagnola, tire lat¬ 
ter became larger than the former ; and, when Saluzza 
had its particular marquifes, Carmagnola gave the title of 
comte to their elded fons. In the war between the Irn- 
perialifts and the French, the latter fortified Carmagnola 
with walls and ditches, and enlarged the citadel : they de- 
molifhed the fauxbourgs, which were too large, and 
made it one of the ftrongeft places on the frontiers of Pied¬ 
mont. After the deftruition of the fauxbourgs, four others 
were built, as large as the former, but five hundred paces 
from the town ; they are well peopled, and divided into 
four parifhes. Carmagnola has only one parilh within the 
walls : the whole number of inhabitants of the town and 
fauxbourgs is computed at fix thoufand five hundred. 
The market is very much frequented, not only by the 
Piedmontefe, but alfo by the inhabitants of Dauphiny, 
Nice, and the country of the Genevefe. Eleven miles 
fouth.fouth-eaft of Turin, and thirteen north-north-eaflr 
Saluzzo. Lat. 40, 42. N. Ion. 25. 20. E. Ferro... 
CAR'MAN,a man whole employment it is to drive 
cars, carts, or drays : 
If the ftrong cane fupport thy walking hand, 
Chairmen no longer fliall the wall command ; 
E’en fturdy carmen fhall thy nod obey. 
And rattling coaches hop to make thee way. Gay, 
CARMA'NIA, in the ancient geography, a country 
of Afia, to the eaft of Perfia, having Parthia to the north, 
Gedrofia to the eaft, to the fouth the Perfian Gulf, and In¬ 
dian Sea, called the Carmanian Sea, diftingtiifhed into Car* 
mania De/'crta, and Carmania Propria ; the former lying to 
the fouth of Parthia ; and, to the fouth of that, the Pro 
pria, quite to the fea. Its name is from the Syriac, Can 
ma, fignifying “ a vine,” for which that country was fa¬ 
mous, yielding clufters three feet long. Now Kerman, 
or Carimania, a province of modern Perlia. 
CAR'MATH, or Carmathi, a famous impoftor, 
who, according to fome hiftorians, was a native of Ha- 
rnadan Carmath, a village near the city of Cufa, from 
whence he derived his name. He was the author of a 
fedt that nearly overthrew all the foundations of muflltl- 
manifm ; and which made Rich great progrefs in the Hates 
of the califs, that they were almoft entirely infedled with 
it in a very fliort time. This man began to appear in the 
year of the liegira 278, of Chrilt Sax; and his followers, 
named Caratneth and Garamethah, were regarded by the 
mulfulman’s, not as feclaries, but as profligates and athe- 
,Ifls. Cannath, their prophet, was a perfon of great aufte- 
rity of life ; and faid that God had commanded him to 
pray, not five times, like the mwiriilmans, but fifty times 
a day. He eftablilhed this practice among his followers, 
who neglected their bufinefs to comply with it. Klion- 
demir writes that this fedt agrees with that of HhmaeL 
They ate many things forbidden by the' rmiflulman law, 
and believed that the angels were their guides in all their 
adtions, and th.at the demons or ghofts are their enemies 
Great troubles arofe from the oppofition that was made rc 
this fedt. Nuairi has given a long detail of whatever re 
lafes to the Carmatliuns in the third volume of his hiftorc. 
9.X The 
