814 CAR 
The feft dec-lined by degrees; for, the Baridians having 
extirpated them in Arabia, thofe who fprung up after¬ 
wards in Aleppo and elfewhere, were foon extindl. 
CARMEAUX', a town of France, in.the department 
of the Tarn: two leagues north of Alby. 
CAR'MEL, a town in Duchefs county, New-York. 
By the hate cenfus of 1796, 237 of its inhabitants were 
electors. 
CAR'MEL, a high mountain of Paledine, on the (kirtr 
of the fea, forming the mod remarkable head-land on 
that coaft. It extends eaflward from the fea to the plain 
of Jezreel, and from the city of that name quite to Caefa- 
rea on the fonth. It feems to have had the name of Car. 
mel from its great fertility ; this word, according to the 
Hebrew import, dignifying the vine of God, and is ufed 
in fcripture to denote any fruitful fpot, or any place plant¬ 
ed with fruit-trees. Mr. Sandys acquaints 11s, that, when 
well cultivated, it abounds with olives, vines, and variety 
of fruits and herbs both medicinal and aromatic. Other 
writers, however, reprefent it as dry and barren ; which 
perhaps may have happened from the negledt of agricul¬ 
ture fo common in all parts of the Turkifh empire, efpe- 
cially where they are expofed to the incurlions of the 
Arabs. Carmel is both the name of the mountain, and 
of a city built on it ; but what hath rendered mount Car¬ 
mel mod celebrated, is, its having been the reddence ot 
the prophet Elijah, who is fuppofed to have lived there in 
a cave (which is (hewn to this day), before he was taken 
up into heaven. 
CAR'MEL, f. a military order of knighthood, indi- 
tuted by the emperor Henry Ilf. under the title of our 
.Lady of Mount Carmel. 
CAR'MEL WATER, a riverof Scotland, which runs 
into the Irvine, in Renfrewdiire. 
CAR'MELITES, or white-f iars, f. an order of reli¬ 
gious, making one of the four tribes of mendicants or beg- 
'ging friars; and taking its name and origin from mount 
Carmel, formerly inhabited by Eliflia and the children of 
the prophets, from whom this order pretends to delcend 
in an uninterrupted fuccedion. Phocas, a Greek monk, 
fays, that in his time, A. D. 1185, Elias’s cave was dill 
extant on the mountain; near which vere the remainsof 
an ancient monadery; that feme years before,an old monk, 
a pried of Calabria, fixed there, and alfembled ten bro¬ 
thers. In 1209, Albert, patriarch of Jcrufalem, gave the 
ifolitaries a rigid rule, which Papebroch lias lince printed, 
in 1217, or according to others 1226, pope Honorius III. 
.approved and confirmed it. This rule contained (ixteen 
articles; one of which confined them to their cells, and 
enjoined them to continue day and night in prayer; ano¬ 
ther prohibited the brethren from holding any property; 
another enjoined fading from the fead of the holy crofs 
till Eader, except on Sundays ; and abdinence at all times 
from fledi. The peace concluded by the emperor Fre¬ 
deric II. with the Saracens, in 1229, occafioned the Car¬ 
melites to quit the Floly Land, under Alan, the fifth ge¬ 
neral of their order. He fird lent fame of the religious to 
Cyprus, where they landed in 1238, and founded a monaf- 
-lery in the fored of Fortania. Some Sicilians, at the fame 
time, leaving mount Carmel, returned to their own coun¬ 
try, where they founded a monadery in the fubwrbs of 
.Medina. Some Englidi alfo departed at the fame time to 
found Carmelite monaderies in England. Others of Pro¬ 
vence, in the year 1244, founded a monadery in the defert 
of Aigualates, a league from Marfeilles; and, thus.their 
numbers increadng, they held their European general 
chapter in 1 245, at the monadery of Aylesford, in England. 
After the eltablilhment of the Carmelites in Europe, 
their rule was in fome refpects altered ; the fird time by 
pope Innocent IV. who added to the fird article a precept of 
chadity, and relaxed the nth, which enjoins abdinence at 
all times from flelh, permitting them, when they travelled, 
to eat boiled Hedi: this pope likewife gave them leave to 
eat in a common refectory, and to keep afles or mules for 
their nfe. Their rule was again mitigated by popes Eu- 
C A R 
genius IV. and Pius II. Hence the order is divided into 
two branches, viz. the Carmelites of the ancient obfervance, 
called the moderate , or mitigated ; and thofe of the Jlri£l ob¬ 
fervance, who are the barefooted Carmelites ; a reform feton 
foot in 1540, by St.Therein, a nun of the convent of Avila, 
in Cadile: thefe lad are divided into two congregations, 
that of Spain, and that of Italy. Tlie habit of the Car¬ 
melites was at fird white, and the cloak laced at the bot¬ 
tom with feveral lids'; but Honorius IV. commanded them 
to change it for that of the Minims. Their fcapulary is a 
fmall woollen habit, of a brown colour, thrown over their 
dioulders; they wear no linenTnirts, but, indead of them, 
linfey-wolfey, which they change twice a. week in the Cum¬ 
mer, and once a-week in the winter. If a monk of this 
order lies until a woman, he is prohibited faying rnafs for 
three or four years, is declared infamous, and obliged to 
discipline himfelf publicly once a-week. If he is again 
guilty of the fame fault, his penance is doubled ; and if a 
third time, he is expelled the order. 
CAR'MELITE WATER, f. called alfo Magiste¬ 
rial Water of Baume. It hath its name from being 
invented by the Carmelites at Paris. See Pharmacy. 
CAR'MELO, a river on the coad of New Albion, fouth 
eadward of Francifco Bay. Lat. 36. 35. N. A little 
northward of it is Sir Francis Drake’s harbour, where that 
navigator lay five weeks. 
C AR'MEN, or Karmoe^ an ifland near the wed coad 
of Norway, about fourteen miles long, and- two broad. 
Lat. 39. 30. N. Ion. 23. 13. E. Ferro. 
C AR'MEN, f an ancient term among the Latins, ufed 
in a general fenfe to Signify a verfe ; but more particularly 
to fignify a Spell, charm, form of expiation or execration, 
couched in few words, and placed in a mydic order, on 
which its efficacy depended. Pezron derives the word 
carmen from the Celtic carm, the diout of joy, or the 
verfes which the ancient bards fung to encourage the fol- 
diers before the combat. Carmen was anciently a deno¬ 
mination given alfo to precepts, laws, prayers, impreca¬ 
tions, and all folemn formulae, couched in a few words 
and placed in a certain order, though written in profe. 
In which fenfe it was that the elder Cato wrote a carmen 
de moribus, which was not in verfe, but in profe. 
CARMEN'TA, or Carmentis, a prophetefs of Arca¬ 
dia, mother of Evander, with whom fhe came to Italy, and 
was received by king Faunus, about 60 years before the 
Trojan war. Her name was Nicodrata, and die received 
that of Carmentis from the wildnefs of-her looks, when 
giving oracles, as though carerts mentc, She was the ora¬ 
cle of the people of Italy during her life, and after death 
die received divine honours. She had a temple at Rome, 
and the Greeks offered her facrifices under the name of 
Themis. Virgil. L ivy. 
C ARMENT A'LIA, f. fedivals at Rome in honour of 
Carmenta, celebrated the 1 ith of January, near the Porta 
Carmentalis, below the capitol. This goddefs was en¬ 
treated to render the Roman matrons prolific, and their la¬ 
bours eafy. Livy. 
C ARMl'NATIVES, f. alfo called Antiphisica. 
Medicines ufed in colics, and other flatulent diforders, to 
expel wind. The ancients had much of myfiery in their 
praftice, and celebrated thefe medicines by Tinging of 
verfes when they adminidered them, as by their frequent 
fpeedy relief they feemed to add as by a charm; fo from 
carmen, the Latin word fora verfe, the word carminative 
is derived. Some derive it from carmino , to card wool, or 
cleanfe it from foulnefs ; and fay, that the phyficians, by 
a metaphor, ufed to fignify the expulfion of, or cleanfing 
from, the wind. Others, from carmina , charms, which 
were fuperditioufiy ufed for feveral cures. Others, be- 
caufe they produce carmen, mufic. They were fuppoled 
to attenuate and difeufs wind or vapours, and promote 
their difeharge by perfpiration. At prefent, they are con¬ 
fined, very properly, to fuch medicines, as, by their dimu- 
lating and antilpafmodic power, increafe the aftion of the 
primes vise, and take off fpafmodic aifeftions, and thus 
promote 
