CAR 
promote the expulfion of flatulencies. Boerhaave places 
the following draught among the firff of this tribe of me¬ 
dicines :—R .Spt, nitri d. 5 j- aft- menth. & cinnam. aa. 
5 V J- 111 • 
C AR'MINE, f. a red pigment, prepared by difTolving 
cochineal in an alkaline lixivium, and precipitating by 
alum. It conlifts, therefore, of the colouring matter of 
cochineal, combined w ith the argillaceous earth of the 
alum. It is the moll beautiful,and by lar the molt coftly, 
of all the red colours. Other precipitates are alfo called by 
this name. Lewis afferts, that lie lias often repeated with 
fuccels an experiment, firft,publifiled in the Acta Naturae 
Curioforum, in vyliich. a fine precipitate, little inferior in 
beauty to carmine, is afforded by adding the nitrous folu- 
tion of tin to a decoction of Brazil wood. 
CARMO'NA, a town of Spain, in the province of A11- 
dalufia: it was known to the ancients by the name of 
Carmo, and was cfleemed by Ctefm one of tlie firongelt 
towns in that country, It received the title of city from 
Philip IV. after the inhabitants had made him a prefent of 
40,000 ducats. It is now without defence : thirty-three 
miles north-eafuof Seville, and forty fouth-weft Cordova. 
CARMUL'LA, a town of Hindooftan, in the fubah 
of Dovvlarabad : leventy miles north of Viliapour, and 
eighty-eight eaft of Poonah. Lat. 18.40. N. Ion. 75. 22, 
E. Greenwich. 
CARINA, f. in botany. See Laurus-. 
CAR'NA, or Cardimea, a goddefs at Rome, who 
prelided ever hinges, as alfo over the entrails of the human 
.body. She was originally a nymph called Crane, whom 
Janus ravifhed, and foil the injury, lie gave her the power 
of prefiding over houfes, and of removing all noxiousbirds 
from the doors. The Romans offered her beans, bacon, 
and vegetables, to reprefent the fimplicity of their ancef- 
tors. Ovid. 
CARNABAT',. a town of European Turkey, in the 
province of Romania ; fifty miles.weft of Burgas. 
C AR'N AGE, f. [carnage , Fr. from caro, carnis, Lat.] 
Slaughter; havock; maffacre. Heapsof flelh: 
His ample maw, with human carnage fill’d, 
A milky deluge next the giant Twill'd. Pope. 
CARNAHO'RA, a town of Poland, in the palatinate 
ofRedRuflia: lixty miles fouth of Halicz. 
CAR'NAL , adj. [carnal , French; carnalis, low Lat.] 
Flethly ; not fpiritual.—Thou doft juftly require us to fub- 
mit our underflandings to thine, and deny our carnal rea- 
fon, in or der to thy facred myfteries and commands. King 
Charles. —LuftfuL; lecherous; libidinous.: 
This carnal cur 
Preys on the iffue of his mother’s body. Shakefpeare. 
CAR'NAL MANAZAL, a town of Arabia: forty 
miles eaft-fouth-eaft of Mecca. 
CARNA'LITY, f. fieftily luft; compliance with car¬ 
nal defires.—If godly, why do they wallow and deep in 
all the carnalities of the world, under pretence of Chriftian 
liberty ? South. —Groffnelsof mind.—He did not militate 
this wav ot worfhip, but becaufe of the carnality of their 
liearts/imd the pronenefsof that people to idolatry. Tillot, 
CAR'NALLY, adv. according to the flelh ; not fpiri- 
tually.—Where they found men in diet, attire, furniture 
of houfe, or any other w ay, obfervers of civility and decent 
order, Rich they reproved, as being carnally and earthly 
minded. Hooker. 
C AR'N ALNESS, f. The fame with carnality. 
CARNAMART', a river of Ireland, which runs into 
Galway Bay: twelve miles weft of Loughrea. 
CARNA'TIC, a country of Hindooftan, lying along 
the coaft of Coromandel, from Cape Comorin, in lat. 8. to 
16. N. 408 miles in length,and from 40 to 100 in breadth. 
It is hounded on the north by the country of Golconda, 
on the eaft by the Bay of Bengal, and on the v eft by the 
Mylore, Dindigul, and Travancore. It anciently com- 
prifed the greater part of the My fore. The revenue of 
CAR 
the nabob is ftated at about a million and a half ftcrling 
per annum; out of which he pays i6o,oool. per annum to 
the Eall-lndia company, towards the expence of their 
military eftablilhment. The evils attendant on the im¬ 
provident conduct of the nabob, were feveiely felt during 
the late war, and ought to be cautioully guarded againic 
for the future. The Britifti polfdlions in the Carnatic 
are confined chiefly to the tract called t he Jag kite, which 
extends along the coaft about io8Enghfh miles, and forty- 
feven inland, in the wideft part. Its annual revenue is 
eftiinated at 150,0001. Befides thejaghire, there are lands 
dependent on Cuddalore, but their value is not con- 
fiderable. The whole amount of the land revenue depend¬ 
ent on Madras, including the circars, has been ftated at 
725,000!. per ami. The country of Ongole, Cuddapore, 
'Ianjore, Marawara, Madura, and T. inevelly, are includetf 
in the Carnatic. The principal towns are Arcot, Ma¬ 
dras, Ongole, Pondicherry, Cuddalore, Tanjore, Tritchi- 
nopoly, Madura, and Tinevelly. The principal rivers' 
are the Pennar, the Paliar, and the Cauvery. 
CARNA'TION, f. in botany. See Diakthus. 
CARNA'TION Colour, /, in painting and dyeing'. 
See the articles Colour and Dyelng. 
CARNAW'L, a town of Hindooftan, in the country 
of Sirhind : feven miles north weft of Delhi. 
CARNE'ADES, a pbilofopher of Cyrene, in Africa, 
founder of a feil called the third or new academy. The 
Athenians fent him with Diogenes the ftoic, and Critolaus 
the peripatetic, as ambaffador to Rome, B. C. 155. The 
Roman youth were extremely fond of the company of 
thefe learned phiiofophers; and, when Carneades, in a 
fpeech, had given an accurate and judicious differtation 
upon juftice, and, in another fpeech, confuted all the argu¬ 
ments he had advanced, and apparently given no exifter.ee 
to the virtue lie had fo much commended, a report pre¬ 
vailed all over Rome, that a Grecian was come, who had 
fo captivated by his words the riling generation, that they 
forgot their ufual amufements, and ran after philofophy. 
When this reached the ears of Cato the cenfor, he gave im¬ 
mediate audience to the Athenian ambaffadors in the fenate, 
and difmiffed them in hafte, expreffmg his apprehenfion 
of their corrupting the opinions of the Roman people, 
whofe only bulinefs, he fternly obferved, was arms and 
war. Carneades denied that any thing could be perceived 
or underftood in the world, and was the firft who intro¬ 
duced an imiverfal' fufpenfion of affent. He died in the 
90th year of his age, B. C. 128. Cicero. LaClantius. 
CARNED'DE, y. in Britilh antiquity, denotes heaps 
of ftoncs, fuppofed to be druidical remains, and thrown 
together on occafion of confirming and commemorating'a 
covenant. Gen. xxxi. 46. They are very common in the 
ifle of Anglefey, and were alfo ufed as fepulchral monu¬ 
ments, in the manner of tumuli', for Mr.Rowland found a 
curious urn inoneof thefe carnedde. Whence it may be 
inferred, that the Britons had the cuftom of throwing 
ftones on the deceafed. From this cuftom is derived the 
W T elch proverb, karri ardyben, ill betide thee. 
CARNEI'A, f. a feftival obferved in moll of the Gre¬ 
cian cities, but more particularly at Sparta, where it was 
firft inftituted, about 675 B. C. in honour of Apollo, fur- 
named Carneus. It lalied nine-days, and was an imitation 
of the manner of living in camps among the ancients. 
C ARNE'Ll AN, f. \_carneus, Lat. fleftiy.] A ftone of 
the filiceous genus, of which there are three colours, a 
red, a yellow, and a white. The red feems to have ori¬ 
ginally induced the name carnelian, from being of the co¬ 
lour of wafhed flelh. It is found in roundilh or oval 
malfes, like common pebbles ; and is generally met with 
between an inch and two or three inches in diameter ; it is 
of a fine, cornpadt, and clofe, texture ; of a gloffy furface ; 
and, in the feveral fpecimens, is of all the degrees of red, 
from the paleft fielh-colour to the deepeft blood-red. It- 
is generally free from fpots, clouds, or difcolorations: 
but fometimes it is veined very beautifully, with an ex¬ 
tremely pgle redj or with white 3 the veins forming con- 
cejturic ’ 
