CAR 
ifland to the fouth ward of theirs, to which a large fleet of 
their boats fails every year, about the month ot November, 
to exchange cloth for canoes, for they cannot make thefe 
themfelves. This voyage they perforin by the help of tlie 
fun and ftars, for they know nothing ot the compals. In 
their difpofition there are two remarkable qualities: one 
is, their entire negledt of compliment and ceremony ; and 
the other, their averfion to diihonefty. A Carnicobarian, 
travelling to a didant village upon bufinefs or amufement, 
palles through many towns in his way, without, perhaps, 
lpeaking to any one : if he is hungry, or tired, he goes up' 
into the neared houfe, and helps himfelf to what he wants, 
and fits till he is reded, without taking the fmalled notice 
of any of the family, unlefs he has bufinefs or news to com¬ 
municate. Theft or robbery is fo very rare amongd them, 
that a man going out of his houfe never takes away his 
ladder, or duits his door, but leaves it open for any body 
to enter that pleafes, without the lead apprehenfion of 
having any thing ftolen from him. 
“ The inhabitants of Carnicobar, from their frequent in- 
tercourfe with drangers, have in general acquired a barba¬ 
rous kind of Portuguefe language. They feem to have 
no notion of a God, but believe firmly in the devil, and 
worfhip him from fear. In every village there is a high 
pole erefted, with long firings of ground rattans hanging 
from it, which, it is laid, has the virtue to keep him at a 
didance. When they fee any figns of an approaching 
florrn, they imagine the devil intends them a vifit, upon 
which many fnperditious ceremonies are performed : the 
people of every village marchround their own boundaries, 
and fix up, at different didances, fmall dicks, fplit at the 
top, into which fplit they put a piece of cocoa-nut, a wifp 
of tobacco, and the leaf of a certain plant. Whether this 
is meant as a peace-offering to the devil, or a fcarecrovv to 
frighten him away, does not appear. When a man dies, 
all his live dock,, cloth, hatchets, fifhing lances, and in 
fhort, every moveable thing lie polfelfed, is buried with 
him, and his death is mourned by the whole village. In 
one view, this is an excellent cudom, feeing it prevents all 
difputes about the property of the deceafed amongd his 
relations. His wife mud conform to cudom by having a 
joint cut off from one of her fingers; and, if die refufes 
this, die mud fubmit to have a deep notch cut in one of 
the pillars of her houfe. There feems to fubfid among 
them a perfect equality. A few perfons, from their age, 
have a little more refpect paid them, but there is no ap¬ 
pearance of authority one over another. Their fociety 
feems bound rather by mutual obligations continually con¬ 
ferred and received; the fimpled and bed of all ties. 
“ The inhabitants of the Andamans are faid to be canni¬ 
bals. The people of Carnicobar have a tradition among 
them, that feveral canoes came from Andaman many 
years ago, and that the crews were all armed, and commit¬ 
ted great depredations, and killed feveral of the Nicobari- 
ans. It appears at firft remarkable, that there fhould be 
fitch a wide difference between the manners of the inhabi¬ 
tants of illands fo near to one another ; the Andamans be¬ 
ing favage cannibals, and the others the mod inoffenfive 
people podible. But it is accounted for by the following 
hidorical anecdote: Shortly after the Portuguefe dilco- 
vered the paffage to India round the Cape of Good Hope, 
one of their fiiips, on-board of which were a number of 
Mozambique negroes, was lod on the Andaman idands, 
which were till then uninhabited. The blacks remained 
in the ifland, and fettled it ; the Europeans made a fmall 
fhallop, in which they failed to Pegu. On the other hand, 
the Nicobar illands were peopled from the oppofite main, 
and the coad of Pegu ; in proof of which, the Nicobar and 
Pegu languages are faid, by thofe acquainted with the lat¬ 
ter, to have much refemblance.” 
CAR'NIFEX, f. among the Romans, the common exe¬ 
cutioner. By reafon of the odioufnefsof his office, the 
carnifex was exprefsly prohibited by the laws from hav¬ 
ing his dwellingthoufe within the city. In middle-age 
writers, carnifex alfo denotes a butcher. Under the 
Vol.III. No. 164. 
CAR 
Anglo-Danifli kings, the carnifex was an officer of great 
dignity, being ranked with the archbifiiop of York, earl 
Goodwin, and the lord deward. Flor.Wigorn. ann. 1040. 
CAR'NIFORM, adj. [Latin, caro, fledi, and forma, 
likenefs. ] Having the appearance of fledi. It is com¬ 
monly applied to an abfeefs, where the fledi furrounding 
the orifice is hardened, and of a firm fubdance. 
To CAR'NIFY, v. n. [from caro, carnis, Lat.] To breed, 
fledi; to turn nutriment into fledi.—At the fame time, I 
think, I deliberate, 1 purpofc, I command : in inferior fa¬ 
culties, I walk, I fee, I hear, I diged, I fanguify, I cat - 
nify. Hale. 
CARN^OT-A (Duchy of), a country of Germany, in 
the circle of Audria, bounded on the north by Styriaand 
Carinthia, on the ead by Dalmatia and Croatia, on the 
fouth by Idria and the Adriatic, and on the wed by the 
country of Goritz, Friuli, and the Adriatic. It meafures 
in its greated extent 120 miles from ead to wed, and 100 
from north to fouth. It is for the mod part mountainous ; 
Come of the mountains are covered with wood, others are 
naked ; many of them have their tops continually covered 
with fnovv. There are, however, many fruitful vallies 
and fields, which yield not only good padurage, but ex¬ 
cellent corn, hemp, flax, and millet. Here are vines, from 
w hich are made excellent wines, both white and red ; alfo 
chefnuts, walnuts, olives, oranges, citrons, lemons, pome¬ 
granates, almonds, figs, See. Horned cattle and hories 
are bred in great plenty, with all forts of venifon and 
fowl. The mountains yield iron, lead, and copper. It is 
reckoned to contain fifty-fix towns, 2oocitadels, and 4000 
villages. The common people are of Sclavonian origin, 
but the nobility are for the mod part Germans, The two 
principal languages in Carniola are the Sclavonian and the 
German. Mod of the inhabitants are Roman Catholics. 
The exports from Carniola i>re iron, deel, quickfilver, 
white and red wine, olive oil, cattle, fheep, cheefe, linen,, 
a kind of woollen duff called makalan , Spanidt leather, 
honey, (hip-timber, and all manner of wood-work, as 
boxes, di(hes, fpoons, fieves, &c. Towards tlie mainte¬ 
nance of the military power of tlie houfe of Audria, Car¬ 
niola contributes yearly 363,171 florins and fifty-fix kruit- 
zers. The duchy of Carniola is divided into Upper Car¬ 
niola, of which Laybach is the capital; lower Carniola, 
the principal town of which is Gurckfeld, or Kerfko ; 
Middle Carniola, the capital of which is Gottfchee ; Inner 
Carniola, of which Duin or Tybein is the chief town ; and 
Audrian Idria, including the county of Mitterberg, the fig- 
niory of Cadua, the territory of Idria, the territory of 
Tulmino, the county of Goritz, the county of Gradifca, and 
the territory of Aculega. The principal rivers are the 
Sau, the Laybach, the Gurk, and the Culpa. 
CARNIT'Z, a town of Germany, in the circle of Upper 
Saxony, and duchy of Pomerania: five miles north of 
Greiffenberg. 
CAR'NIVAL, f. a feafon of mirth, obferved with 
great folemnity by the Italians, particularly at Venice, 
where it holds from twelfth day till the commencement of 
Lent. Tlie word is formed from the Italian, carnavalle, 
which Du Cange derives from carn-a-val, by reafon the 
fledi goes plenteoudy to pot, to make amends for the fea¬ 
fon of abdinence then approaching. Accordingly, in the 
corrupt Latin, it was called carnelevamen, and carnij'privivm, 
as the Spaniards dill denominate it carries tollendas. Leads, 
balls, operas, concerts, mafquerades, and every fpecies of 
amufement and rejoicing, are celebrated in carnival time, 
infomuch that it is laid, no lefs than (even fovereign prin¬ 
ces, and 30,000 foreigners, have been known at one time 
to participate in thefe diverfions. 
C ARNI'VOROUS, adj. [from caro , fledi, and voro s to 
devour.] A fpecific term applied to thofe animals whofe 
proper food is fledi. It is a diipute among naturalifts, 
whether or not man he naturally carnivorous f Some con¬ 
tend that the fruits of the earth were intended as his foie 
food, and that it was necefllty in lome places, and luxury 
mother^ that firft prompted him to feed uposi his fellow- 
q Y animals? 
