CARO 
ring the late war. The whole date, to the di/lance of 
eighty or one,hundred miles from the fea, is low and level, 
almolt without a done, and abounds more or 1 el's with 
fvvamps or marlhes. Beyond this commences a country 
exactly refembling the northern dates, or like Devonfhire 
in England, or Languedoc in France. Here hills and 
dales, with all their verdure and variegated beauty, pre- 
fent themfelves to the eye ; wheat fields, which are rare 
in the low country, begin to grow common. Here hea¬ 
ven has bellowed its biddings with a mod bounteous hand. 
The air is much more temperate and healthful than nearer 
to the fea; the hills are covered with valuable woods, 
the rallies watered with beautiful rivers, and the ferti¬ 
lity of the foil is equal to every vegetable production. 
This, by way of didindtion, is called the Upper Country, 
where are different modes, and different articles of culti¬ 
vation; where the manners of the people, and even their 
language, have a different tone. The land dill rifes by a 
gradual afeent; each fucceeding hill overlooks that which 
immediately precedes it, till, having advanced 220 miles 
in a north-wed direction from Charledown, the elevation of 
the land above the fea-coad is found by men Cura lion to be 
800 feet. Here commences a mountainous country, which 
continues rifing to the wedern terminating point of the 
date. The foil may be divided into four kinds; fird, the 
pine-barren, which is valuable only for its timber. In- 
terfperfed among the pine-barren, are traCts of land free 
of timber and every kind of growth but that of grals. 
Thefe traCts are called favannas, condituting a fecond 
kind of foil, good for grazing. The third kind is that of 
the fwamps and low grounds on the rivers, which is a 
mixture of black loam and fat clay, producing naturally 
canes in great plenty, Cyprefs, bays, pines, &c. In thefe 
fwamps rice is cultivated, which conditutes the daple 
commodity of the date. The high lands, commonly 
known by the name of oak and hickery lands, conditute 
the fourth kind of foil; the natural growth is oak, hickery, 
walnut, pine, and locud. On thefe lands, in the low 
country, is cultivated Indian corn principally ; and in 
the back country, belides this, they raife tobacco in 
large quantities, wheat, rye, barley, oats, hemp, flax, and 
cotton. From experiments which have been made, it is 
well afeertained that olives, filk, and madder, may be as 
abundantly produced in South Carolina, and we may add 
in Georgia alfo, as in the fouth of France. They have 
oranges and figs in plenty, limes and lemons, pomegra¬ 
nates, pears, and peaches; apples are fcarce, and are im¬ 
ported from the northern dates; melons, efpecially the 
water-melon, are railed here in great perfection. The 
river fwamps, in which rice can be cultivated with fuc- 
cefs, do not extend higher up the rivers than the head of 
the tides; and, in ediinating the value of this fpecies of 
rice land, the height which the tide riles is taken into 
confidetation, thole lying where it rifes to a proper pitch 
for overflowing the fwamps being the molt valuable. The 
bed inland fwamps, which conditute a fecond fpecies of 
rice land, are fuch as are furnilhed with relerves of wa¬ 
ter. Thefe relerves are formed by means of large banks 
thrown up at the upper parts of the fwamps, whence the 
water is conveyed to the fields of rice. At the diftance of 
no miles from the fea, the river fwamps terminate, and 
the high lands extend quite to the rivers, and form.banks, 
in fome places, feveral hundred feet high from the fur- 
face of the water, and afford many extenlive and delight¬ 
ful views. Thefe high banks are interwoven with layers 
of leaves, and different coloured earth, and abound with 
quarries of free-done, pebbles, flint, crydals, iron pre in 
abundance, diver, lead, fnlphur, and coarfe diamonds. 
The fvvamps, above the head of the tide, are occafionally 
planted with corn, cotton, and indigo ; the foil is very 
rich, yielding from forty to fifty bulhels of corn an acre. 
The articles generally cultivated are corn, rye, oats, every 
fpecies of pulfe, and potatoes; rice, indigo, cotton, and 
hemp, for exportation. The culture of cotton is capable 
Vol. III. No. 164. 
LINA. 821 
of being increafed equal to almod any demand. The foil 
was cultivated, till lately, almod wholly by manual la¬ 
bour, the plough, till fince the peace, was fcarcely ufed ; 
now the plough and harrow, and other improvements, are 
introduced into the rice fwamps with great fuccefs, and 
will no doubt become general. From late experiments it 
has been found that vines may be cultivated, and wine 
made to great advantage : fnake-root, pink-root, and a 
variety of medicinal herbs, grow fpontaneoufly ; alio, gin- 
feng on and near the mountains. This country abounds 
with precious ores, fuch as gold, filver, lead, black lead, 
copper, and iron; but it is the misfortune of thofe who di- 
red! their purluits in fearch of them, that they are defi¬ 
cient in the knowledge of chemidry, and too frequently 
make ufe of improper mendruums in extracting the re- 
fpeClive metals; there are likewife to be found pellucid 
flonesof different hues, rock crydal, pyrites, petrified fub- 
dances, coarfe carnelian, marble beautifully variegated, 
vitreous done, and vitreous fand ; red and yellow ochres, 
which, when roaded and ground down with linfeed oil, 
make a very excellent paint ; alfo, potters’ clay of a molt 
delicate texture, fullers’ earth, and a number of dye- 
dud's, among which is a lingular, weed which yields four 
different colours, its leaves are furprifingly dyptic, flrong- 
ly refembling the tade of alum ; likewife, an abundance 
of chalk, crude alum, fulplnir, nitre, vitriol, and along 
the banks of rivers large quantities of marie may be col¬ 
lected. There are alfo a variety of roofs, the medicinal 
effeCts of which it is the barbarous policy of thofe who 
are in the fecret to keep a profound mydery. The rattle- 
fnake root, fo famous amongd the Indians for the cure of 
poifon, is of the number. The next is the venereal root, 
which, under a vegetable regimen, will cure a confirmed 
lues. Another root, when reduced to an impalpable pow¬ 
der, is fingularly efficacious in dedroying worms in chil¬ 
dren. There is likevvife a root, an ointment of which* 
with a poultice of the fame, will in a fhort time difeufs 
the mod extraordinary tumours, particularly what is term¬ 
ed the white (welling; this root is very fcarce. There is 
another root, a decoClion of which, in new milk, will 
cure the bloody dyfentery. The hand of nature never 
formed a country with a greater number of natural ad¬ 
vantages ; it abounds with game of all kinds, is a very 
fine fruit-country, and is peculiarly adapted to the grow th 
of vines, theolivp, filk, and cofi'ee, trees, and the produc¬ 
tion of cotton : it is a peffeCt garden of medical herbs, 
and its medicinal fprings are not inferior to any in Europe. 
The irdn-works, known by the name of the sEra and Etna, 
are fituated in York county, within two miles of the Ca- 
tabavv river. Within the compafs of two miles from the 
furnace, there is an inexhaudible quantity of ore, which 
works eafy and well. In the middle, and efpecially in 
the upper country, the people are obliged to manufacture 
their own cotton and woollen cloths, and mod: of their 
luifbandry tools ; but in the lower country, the inhabi¬ 
tants, for thefe articles, depend almod entirely on their 
merchants. Late accounts from the interior parts of this 
date fay, that cotton, hemp, and flax, are plentiful; that 
they have a confiderable flock of good fheep; and that great 
improvements have been made in the arts of life ; the wo¬ 
men do the weaving, and leave the men to attend to agri¬ 
culture. This date furnifhes all the materials, and of the 
bed kind, for flap-building ; the live oak, and the pitch 
and yellow pines, are of a (uperior quality : (hips might be 
built here with more eafe, and to much greater advantage, 
than in the middle and eaflern,dates. So much attention 
is now paid to the manufacture of indigo, in this date, 
that it bids fair to rival that of the French. Three col¬ 
leges have lately been incorporated by law, one at Charlef- 
town, one at Winnfborough, in the diftridt of Camden, 
the other at Cambridge, in' the diflridl of Ninety-fix. The 
legiflature, in January 1795, appointed a committee, to 
enquire into the practicability of, and foreporta plan for 5i 
the edablifhment of fchools in the different parts of the 
9 Z Hate. 
