CAR 
amples, may confult Nicholfon’s Carpenter’s Guide, new 
edition, quarto. 
CARPEN'TUiVT, in antiquity, a name common to di¬ 
vers forts of carriages. The carpentum was originally a 
kind of car, or vehicle, in which the Roman Indies were 
carried ; though in after-times it was ufed in war. 
CARPENZA'NO, a town of Italy, in the kingdom of 
Naples, and province of Calabria Citra : ten miles fouth 
of Cofenza. 
CA'RPER, f. a caviller, a cenforiotts man : 
I have not thefe weeds. 
By putting on the cunning of a carper. Shakefpeare. 
CARPE'SiijM, f. v.afw;;t7',ov of Galen, [from aactro?, 
fruit.] Cubebs; in botany, a genus of the clafs fynge- 
nefia, order polygamia (uperflua ; natural order of com¬ 
pound flowers; d-ivifion of difeoidete. The generic cha¬ 
racters are—Calyx : common imbricate; the exterior 
leafiets larger, fpreading, reflex, the interior ones equal, 
clofe, (horte r. Corolla: compound equal; corollets her¬ 
maphrodite in the difk ; female in the circumference ; 
the proper one in the hermaphrodites funnel-form; border 
quinquefid, fpreading ; in the females tubular, quinquefid, 
converging. Stamina: in the hermaphrodites five, fhort ; 
antheraj cylindric. Pidillum : in the hermaphrodites, 
germ oblong ; fiyle fimple, ffigma bifid; in the females 
very (imilar to the hermaphrodites. Pericarpium : none; 
calyx unchanged. Seeds : in the hermaphrodites obo- 
vate, naked; in the females very fimilar to the herma¬ 
phrodites. Receptacle; naked.— EJfential CharaElcr. Ca¬ 
lyx imbricate; the outer feales ■ reflex ; down none; re¬ 
ceptacle naked. - 
Species i. Carpefium cernuum, or drooping carpefinm : 
flowers terminal. Root perennial; (tern leafy, ereCt, from 
a foot to two feet in height, round, filiated, hirftite, 
branched at top. According to Miller it is a biennial 
plant, flowering in July, and ripening the feeds in Sep¬ 
tember. Native of the fouth of France, Italy, Curniola, 
Auftria, Swifierland, and Japan. Introduced 1168, by 
Mr. Miller, 
2. Carpefium abrotanoides : flowers lateral. Steins 
branching, hardifh ; leaves alternate. Native of China 
and Japan. 
Propagation and Culture. Thefe plants may be propa¬ 
gated by feeds. The firfi nmfl be fown on a bed of light 
earth in the fprrng, and when the plants come up, if they 
are thinned and kept clean from weeds, they will require 
no other culture. The fecond year they will flower and 
produce feeds, foon after which the plants decay. The 
fecond fort fliould be fown on a hot-bed in the fpring, 
and, when the plants are fit to remove, they fliould be 
each planted in a Angle pot, and when the weather be¬ 
comes warm they may be expofed, but in autumn they 
mud be houfed. 
CARPESTRIE'R A, a river of Italy, which runs isto 
the fea: nine miles eaft of St. Severino. 
C A'RPET,yi [ karpet , Dutch.] A covering of various 
colours, fpread upon floors, &c. —Be the Jacks fair with¬ 
in, the Jills fair without,- carpets laid, and every thing in 
order? Shakefpeare. —Ground variegated with-flowers, le¬ 
vel and fmooth : 
The carpet ground fhall be with leaves o’erfpread, 
And boughs fliall weave a covering for your head. Dryden. 
Any thing variegated.—The whole dry land is, for the 
molt part, covered over with a lovely carpet of green grafs, 
and other herbs. Ray. — Carpet is tiled, proverbially, for 
a ftate of eafe and luxury ; as, a carpet knight, a knight 
that has never known the field, and has recommended him- 
felf only at table.—He is h knight, dubbed with unbacked 
rapier, and on carpet confideration. Shakefpeare. 
To be on the carpet, [ fur It tapis , Fr. ] To be the fubjetfl of 
prefect confideration ; an affair in hand. 
To CA'RPET, v. a. to fpread with carpets,—Wc found 
Vo l, III. No. 264. 
CAR 8z£ 
him in a fair chamber, richly hanged, and carpeted under 
foot. Bacon. 
CA'RPI, a town of Italy, and capital of a principality 
in the duchy of Modena. It was taken and abandoned by 
the French in 1703, again taken by them in 170^, and re¬ 
taken by prince Eugene in 1706. It is the fee of a bifliop, 
fuffragan of Bologna: (even miles N. Modena, and twen¬ 
ty-four S. Mantua. Lat. 44.44-. N. Ion. 28. 30. E,Ferro. 
CA'RPI, a town of Italy, in the Veronefe, fituated on 
the Adige ; celebrated fora vidtory gained by prince Eu¬ 
gene over the French in 1701. 
CAR'PI (Ugoda), an Italian painter, remarkable for 
being the inventor of that fpecies of engraving on wood, 
diflinguiflted by the name of chiaro-fcuro, in imitation of 
drawing. This is .performed by tiling more blocks than 
one ; and Ugo da Carpi ufually had three ; the firft for the 
outline and dark (liadows, the fecond for the lighter Iha- 
dows, and the third for the half tint. In that manner lie 
flrnck offprints after feveral deligns, and cartoons of Ra¬ 
phael ; particularly one of the Sybil, a Delcent front the 
Crofs, and the Hiftory of Simon the Sorcerer. He died 
in 1500. This art was brought to a (till higher perfedlion 
by Balthafar Peruzzi of Sienna, and Parmigiano, who pub- 
liflied feveral excellent defigns in that manner. 
CAR'PI (Girolamo da), hiflory and portrait painter, 
born at Ferrara in 1501, and a difciple of Garofala. When 
he quitted that mafter, he devoted his whole attention to 
fludy the works of Coreggio, and to copy them with a 
mod critical care and obfervation ; in which labour lie 
fpent feveral years at Parma, Modena, and other cities of 
Italy, where the bed works of that exquifite painter were 
preferred. He acquired fuch excellence in the imitation 
of Coreggio’s rtyle, that many paintings finifhed by him 
were taken for originals, and not only admired, but were 
eagerly purchafed-by the connoifleurs of that time. Fie 
died in 1556. 
C AR'PING, part. ad). Captious; cenforious.—Lay afide 
therefore a carping fpirit, and read even an adverfary with 
an honefl defign to find out his true meaning; do not fnatch 
at little lapfes, and appearances of miftake. Vdalts. 
CAR'PINGLY, adv. Captioufly; cenforioufly.—We 
derive out of the Latin at fecond hand by the French, and 
make good Englilh, as in thefe adverbs, carping/y, cur¬ 
rently, actively, colburably. Camden. 
CARPIGNA'NA, a town of Italy in the Novarefe : 
twelve miles north-wed of Novara. 
CARPIGNA'NA, a town of Italy, in the kingdom of 
Naples, and province of Otranto: feven miles N. W. Otranto. 
CAR'PiNUS, J. [from carpere, to crop]. The Horn¬ 
beam 'Free ; in botany, a genus of the monoecia, order 
polyandria ; natu ral order amentaceae. The generic cha¬ 
racters are—I. Mule flowers difpofed in a cylindric anient. 
Calyx: ament common on all fides, loofely imbricate, 
confiding of feales, ovate, concave, acute, ciliate, uni- 
florous. Corolla: none. Stamina: filaments generally 
ten, very ffnall ; antheras didymous, comp re (Fed, villofe 
at the tip, bivalve. II. Female flowers difpofed in a long 
anient, upon the fame plant. Calyx: anient common, 
loofely imbricate, confiding- of lanceolate feales, which 
are villofe, reflected at the tip, uniflorpus. Corolla: ca- 
lyciforni, monophyllous, fix-cleft; two of the divifions 
larger than the red. Pi'ftilium : gerins two, very (horr, 
two dyles on each, capillary, coloured, long ; digmas 
fimple. Pericarpium : none; ament becoming very large, 
concealing the feed at the bafe of each feale. Seed: nut 
ovate, angular.— Efpntial Character. Calyx : one-leafed, 
with a ciliate feale. Corolla: none. Male: (lamina twen¬ 
ty. Female: germs two, with two (fyles on each; nut 
ovate. 
Species. 1. Carpinus betulus, or horn-beam,[hard-beam, 
horfe-beech, horn-beech, wych-hafel: feales of the firo- 
biles flat. Leaves ovate, acuminate, lharply ferrate, 
drongly nerved, bright green', fmooth, three inches or 
more in length, and near two in breadth, on round pe- 
10 A tioles. 
