834 CAR 
They flatly difavouch 
To yield him more obedience or fupport; 
And, as to perjur’d duke of Lancafter, 
Their cartel of defiance they prefer. Daniel. 
-Cartels for an exchange of prifoners, as ufually fettled 
between contending powers, will be bed underftood by 
the following ftatement of the cartel which was agreed 
upon on the 13th of September, 179S, between his Britan¬ 
nic majefty and the republic of France ; in which it is fti- 
pulated, “ That the French government (hall begin, by 
fending over to England, in a French cartel vefl'el, a num¬ 
ber of Britilh prifoners, with the proportionof five officers 
to one hundred men; upon the arrival of whom in Eng¬ 
land, the Britifh government wiil caufe an equal number 
of the fame ranks of French prifoners to be fent, in an 
Englifh cartel velfel to France. The Britifh government 
French. 
Admiral, or General in Chief, ------- for 
Vice-Admiral, or General of Divifion, ------ 
Rear-Admiral, or General of Brigade, ------ 
Chief of a Squadron, or fecond General of Brigade, - - 
Captain of a (hip of the line, or Chief of Brigade, - - - 
Captain of a frigate, or Chief of Battalion, - - - - - 
Lieutenant of a (hip of the line, or Captain in the Army, - 
Enfi'gn of a (hip of the line, or Lieutenant in the Army, 
Midlhipman, Mafter of a merchant vedel, Captain of a \ 
privateer, or Sous Lieutenant, - -------J 
Lieutenant of a merchant vedel, or privateer, and petty 1 
officers, or non-commillioned officers, ----- -J 
C ARTEL'-SHIP,/. A vedel commidioned in time of 
war, to exchange tire prifoners of any two hodile powers ; 
alfo to carry any particular propofal from one to another: 
for this reafon tire officer who commands her is particularly 
ordered to carry no cargo, ammunition, or implements of 
war, except a (ingle gun for thepurpofe of dgnals. 
CAR'TER, f. The man who drives'a cart, or whofe 
trade it is to drive a team in hu(bandry.—The divine 
goodnefs never fails, provided that,'according to the ad¬ 
vice of Hercules to the carter, we put our own dioulders 
to the work. L’EJlrange. —It is the prudence of a carter to 
put bells upon his horfes, to make them carry their bur¬ 
dens cheerfully. Dryden. 
CAR'TER (Francis), F.S.A. author of a Journey 
from Malaga to Gibraltar, in 1776, 2 vols. 8vo. with 
plates. The many coins engraved in this work were from 
tire colleflion of the celebrated Spanidt medalift' Flores, 
whofe cabinet Mr. Carter had purchafedon his death, and 
difpofed of the duplicates to Dr. Hunter. Mr. Carter 
died Auguff 1, 1783, when he had juft begun to publiffi 
An hiftoncal and critical Account of early-printed Spamfh 
Books. We have to lament that this was never finifhed; 
CAR'TERET, a maritime county of United America, 
in Newbern diftricl, North Carolina, on Core and Pamlico 
Sounds. It contains 3732 inhabitants. Beauiort is the 
chief town. 
CAR'TERET, an ifland in the Southern Pacific Ocean, 
difeoveted by captain Carteret, in Auguft, 1767. Lat. 8. 
26. S. Ion. 154. 14. E. Greenwich. 
CAR'TERET POINT, the north-weft extremity of 
t’ne ifland of Egmont, or New Guernfey. Lat. 10.42.S. 
Ion. 163. 50. E. Greenwich. 
CAR'TERET’s HARBOUR, a bay on the fouth-eaft 
■ecaft of New Ireland. Lat. 5. S. Ion. 152. 19. E. Gr. 
C ARTERSVIL'LE, a tovvn of United America, in Pow¬ 
hatan county, Virginia, on the fouth fide of Janies river, 
forty mile's above Richmond. 
CAR'TES (Rene des), one of the rrioft eminent philo- 
fophers and mathematicians of the 17th century. He was 
defeended of an ancient family in Touraine, in France, be- 
i n ir a younger Ton of acounfellor in the parliament of Ren¬ 
nes, and was born March 31, 1596- His father gave him 
a liberal education, and the more fo as lie obferved in him 
-the appearance of a promifing genius, yfrng to call him 
the philofopher, on account of his infatiable curiofity in 
CAR 
fhall then caufe to be fent to France, in an Englifh cartel 
velfel, a number of French prifoners, w ith the fame pro¬ 
portion of officers as above-mentioned, for whom the 
French government (hall return by a! French cartel vedel 
the fame number and ranks of Britifh prifoners. The ex¬ 
change (liall be continued according to the fame alternate 
plan, until one or the other of the two governments (hall 
think proper to put a flop thereto; and, in that cafe, the 
party, fo difeontinuing, is to return, without delay, what¬ 
ever number of prifoners may appear to be againlt it on 
the balance of the exchanges that may to that time have 
taken place in confequence of this cartel.” The follow¬ 
ing table (hews the correfponding ranks in the Engli(h 
and French fervice, for which an equal exchange (hall 
take place, or for want of fuch equal rank, then the fol¬ 
lowing ftipulated value of men: — 
Engi.ish. Me??, 
Admiral in Chief, or Field-Marfhal, or - - - - 60 
Vice-Admiral, or General, - -- .- -..40 
Rear-Admiral, or Lieutenant-General, - - - - 30 
Commodore, or Major-General, ------ 20 
Poft-Captain, or Brigadier-General, ----- 15 
Captain of Navy, or Mafter and Commander, or Col. 8 
Lieutenant of Navy, or Captain in the army, - - 6 
Lieutenant of Navy or Army, - -- -- -- 4 
Midfhipman, Mafter of a merchant vefiei, CaptainJ 
of a privateer, or Enfign, 3 
Mates, and petty officers, or non-commiffioned offi-\ 
cers, -------------- J 2 
afking the reafons of every thing that lie did not under- 
ftand. He was fent to the Jefuits’ college at La Fleche, in 
1604, and put under the tuition of father Charlet. Here 
he made a great progrefs in the learned languages and po¬ 
lite literature; but, having pafted through his courfe of 
philofophy without any great fatisfadion to himfelf, he 
left the college in the year 1612, and began to learn mili¬ 
tary arts, to ride and fence, and other fuch exercifes; but, 
notwithftanding his inclination to military achievements, 
the weaknefs of His conftitution not permitting him early 
to expofe himfelf to the fatigues of war, lie was fent to 
Paris in 1613. Here he formed an acquaintance with feve- 
ral learned perfons, who helped to reclaim him from his 
intention of declining his ftudies, particularly father Mer- 
fenne, whofe converfation revived in him a love fortruth, 
and induced him to retire from the world to purfue his ftu¬ 
dies without interruption; which he did for two years: 
but in May, 1616, at the repeated folicitations of his rela¬ 
tions, he fet out for Holland, and enfered'as a volunteer 
under the prince of Orange. While he lay in garrifon at 
Breda, during the truce between the Spanilh and Dutch, 
an unknown perfon caufed a problem in mathematics, in 
the Dutch language, to be fixed up in the ftreets ; when 
Des Cartes, feeing a concourfe of people (lop to read it. de- 
lired one who flood near him to explain it to him in Latin 
or French. The perfon promifed to fatisfy him, upon con¬ 
dition that he would engage to refoive the problem ; and 
Des Cartes agreed to the condition with fuch an air, that, 
though he little expefted fuch a thing from a young mi¬ 
litary cadet, he gave him his addrefs, defiring he' would 
bring him the folution. Des Cartes next day vifited Beek- 
man, principal of the college of Doi t, who was the per¬ 
fon that had tranflated the problem to him. Beekman 
was furprifed at his having refolved it in fo fhort a time; 
but his wonder was much increafed to find, in tlx? courfe 
of converfation, that the young man’s knowledge was much 
fuperior to his own in thofe fciences in which he had em¬ 
ployed his whole time for fevenil years. During his flay 
at-Breda, Des Cartes wrote in Latin a treat! fi: on muficy 
and laid the foundation of feveral of his other works. 
In 1619 he entered into the army of the duke of Bavaria, 
In 1621 he made the campaign in Hungary, under the 
count de Bucquoy ; but the lofs of his general, who was 
killed at a (iege that year, determined him to quit the 
army. He foon after began his travels into the north, 
and 
