C A R T 
a fevere conflift, and the lofs of fcveral of his men, lie 
killed, and lent the (kin of the animal, which was (aid to 
be 120 feet long, to Rome, to be hung up in a temple, 
where it was preferved to the time of the Numantine war. 
See the article Boa, p. 134. of this volume Having paff- 
ed the river, he befieged Adis, or Adda, not far from 
Carthage, which the enemy attempted to relieve ; but, 
as they lay encamped among hills and rocks, where their 
elephants, in which the main flrength of their army con¬ 
fided, could be of no ufe, Regains attacked them in their 
camp, killed 17,000, and took 5000 prifoners. Upon the 
fame of this victory, deputations came from all quarters, 
infomuch that the conqueror in a few days became mafler 
of eighty towns : among which were the city and port of 
Utica. This increaled the alarm at Carthage ; which was 
dill heightened, when Regains laid fiege to Tunis, about 
nine miles from the capital. This place was taken in light 
of the Carthaginians, who, from their walls, beheld all 
the operations of the fiege, without making the lead at¬ 
tempt to relieve it. And to complete their misfortunes, 
the Numidians, their neighbours, entered their territories, 
committing the mod dreadful devaluations, which foon oc- 
cafioned a great fcarcity of provifions in the city. The 
public magazines were foon exhauded ; and, in this ex¬ 
tremity Regains advanced to the gates of Cartilage ; and, 
having encamped under the walls, fent deputies to treat 
of a peace with the fenate. The deputies were received 
with inexprellible joy ; but the conditions they propofed 
were fuch that the fenate could not hear them without the 
greated indignation. They were, 1. That the Carthagi¬ 
nians fliould relinquifii all claims to Sardinia, Corfica, and 
Sicily. 2. They (hould redore all the Roman prifoners. 
3. That, as to their own prifoners, they (hould pay fo much 
a-head for them at Rome. 4. That they diould for ever 
pay the Romans an annual tribute. 5. That for the fu¬ 
ture they diould fit but one (hip for their own ufe, and 
fifty to ferve in the Roman fleet, whenever required by 
any of the future confuls. Thefe extravagant demands 
provoked the fenators, who unanimoufly rejefted them ; 
the deputies, however, told them, that Regulus would not 
alter a (ingle letter of the proposals, and that they mud 
either conquer the Romans or obey them. 
In this dillrefs, feme mercenaries arrived from Greece, 
among whom was a Lacedemonian,, named Xanthippus, a 
man of great valour and experience. This man, having 
informed himfelf of the circumdances of the war, declared 
publicly, that their overthrow was more owing to their 
own mifconduCl, than to the fuperiority of the enemy. 
This difeourfe, being fpread abroad, came to the know¬ 
ledge of the fenate ; and by them, and even by the defire 
of the Carthaginian generals, Xanthippus was appointed 
commander in chief of their forces. His fil'd care was to 
difeipline his troops in a proper manner. He then took 
the field with 12,000 foot, 4000 horfe, and 100 elephants. 
The Romans, elated with fuccefs, looked upon their new 
adverfary with the mod fovereign contempt. The two ar¬ 
mies were feparated by a river, which Regulus boldly palled. 
The engagement began with great fury; but ended in the 
total defeat of the Romans, who, except 2000 that efcaped 
to Clupea, were either killed or taken prifoners, and among 
t'he latter was Regulus himfelf. The lofs of the Carthi- 
ginians fcarcely exceeded 800 men. The Carthaginians 
remained on the field of battle till they had dripped the 
(lain ; and then entered their city in triumph. They treat¬ 
ed their prifoners with great humanity, except Regulus; 
who had fo infulted them in his profpefity, that they could 
not forbear diewing the highed marks of their refeniment. 
According to Zonaras, he was thrown into a dungeon, 
where he had only fudenance allowed him barely futficient 
to keep him alive. 
In the eleventh year of this war, the Carthaginians be- 
fieged Clupea and Utica; but were obliged to abandon 
their enterprize, upon hearing that the Romans were 
equipping a fleet of 350 fail. The Carthaginians having 
with incredible expedition refitted their veil'd s, and built 
V01, 111 . No. 165. 
H A G E. 84e 
a number of new ones, met the Roman fleet off Cape Her- 
mea. An engagement enfued, in which the Carthaginians 
were again defeated ; 104 of their (hips being funk, thir¬ 
ty taken, and 15,000 of their foldiers killed in the a£lion. 
The Romans pqrfued their courfe to Clupea, where they 
were no fooner landed, than they were attacked by the 
Carthaginian army, under the two Hanno’s, father and 
fon. But they were routed at the very firfi onfet, with the 
lofs of 9000 men. Notwithflanding thefe victories, how¬ 
ever, the Romans were obliged, for want of provifions, 
to evacuate both Clupea and Utica, and to abandon Africa 
altogether. Being defirous of (ignalizing the end of their 
confulate by fome important conqued on Sicily, they 
fieered for that ifland contrary to the advice of their pi¬ 
lots, who reprefented their danger, on account of the (ea- 
fon being fo far advanced. Their obffinacy proved the 
definition of the fleet ; for, a violent (form arifing, out 
of 370 veflels only eighty efcaped fhipwreck. Tins was 
by far the greated lofs that Rome had fuflainedduring the 
war; for, befides tlie diips that were cad away, a nume¬ 
rous army was defiroyed, with all the riches amaffed in 
Africa, which had been depofited in Clupea, and were 
now tranfporting to Rome. 
The twelfth year, the Carthaginians renewed the war 
in Sicily. Carthalo, their general, befieged and took 
Agrigentum. The town lie laid in afhes and demolifhed 
the walls, obliging the inhabitants to fly to Olympinm. 
Upon this fuccefs, Afdrubal was fent with a large rein¬ 
forcement of troops, and 150 elephants. They hkewife 
fitted out a fquadron, with which they retook the ifland 
of Corfyra, and marched a drong body of forces into Mau¬ 
ritania and Numidia, to puniflt the-people for filewing a 
difpolition to join the Romans. In Sicily the Romans 
poflefled themfelves of Cephalodium and Panormus, but 
w ere obliged to raife the fiege of Drapanum. The 13th 
year, the Romans fent out a fleet of 260 galleys, which 
appeared off Lilybaeum, in Sicily ; but, finding this place 
too drong, they fleered to the eaftern coafi of Africa, where 
they landed, and plundered feveral towns and villages. 
They then returned fo Sicily, and entered the harbour of 
Panormus, and in a few days fet fail for Italy, with a fair 
wind : but when they reached Cape Palinurus, fo violent 
a florin overtook them, that 160 of their galleys, and a 
great number of their tranfports, were lofl ; and the fur- 
viving few returned to Rome in a very (battered condition. 
In the 14th year, the Romans made themfelves matters 
of Himera and Lipara in Sicily; and the Carthaginians, 
conceiving new hopes of conquering that ifland, equipped 
a fleet of 200 fail, and railed an army of 30,000 men, 
horfe and foot, and 140 elephants, appointing Afdrubal 
commander both of the fleet and army. Metellus, how¬ 
ever, one of the confuls, found means to draw Afdrubal 
into a battle on difadvantageous terms near Panormus, 
where he gave him a mod terrible overthrow ; 20,000 of 
the Carthaginians were killed, and many elephants ; 104 
elephants were taken, and fent to Rome, where they were 
hunted and killed in the arena. 
In the 15th year, the Romans befieged Lilybteum ; and 
the fiege continued the whole refidue of the firfi Punic war. 
The Carthaginians, on its being befieged, fent Regulus to 
Rome to treat for a peace : but, indead of forwarding the 
negociation, he prevented it; and, notwithflanding he knew 
the torments prepared for him at Carthage, he could not 
be prevailed upon to flay at Rome, but, returning to his 
enemies’ country, was put to death. During this fiege, the 
Roman fleer under Claudius Pulcher was defeated by Ad- 
herbal the Carthaginian admiral. Ninety of the Roman 
galleys were loll in action, 8000 of their men were killed 
or drowned, and 20,000 taken prifoners. Another Roman 
fleet met with a feverer fate. It confided of 120 galleys, 
and 800 tranfports, laden with military (lores and provi¬ 
fions ; nearly the whole of which were loft in a dorm. In 
the mean time the Carthaginians in Sicily having fltown a 
difpofltion to mutiny, the fenate fent over Hamilcar Bar¬ 
cas, father of the famous Hannibal. He defended ErvX 
