CART 
in t!ie roads thither j but for you, there is no middle for¬ 
tune between death and viftory. Ret this be but well 
fixed in your minds, and once again, I fay, you are con¬ 
querors.” He did not, after this harangue, (utter his army 
to languid) in idlencfs; but, joining the Jfubrians, who 
were at war with the Taurinians, laid liege to Taurinum, 
the only city in thofe parts; and in three days he became 
matter of it, putting all who relifted to the l'word. This 
flruck the neighbouring villagers with furh terror, that 
of their own accord they fubmitted to the conqueror, and 
iiipplied his army with all forts of provifions. 
Scipio, the Roman general, who in the mean time hatl 
gone in quell qf Hannibal on the banks of the Rhone, was 
furprifed to find he had crofted the Alps, and entered 
Italy. He therefore returned with the utmoft expedition. 
A memorable engagement enfued, near the river Ticinus, 
in which tiie Romans were defeated. The coi^fequence 
was, that Scipio rep a (led that river, and Hannibal conti¬ 
nued liis march to the banks of the Po. This he crofted 
by a bridge of boats. He then fent his brother Mago in 
purf'uit of the enemy, who, having rallied their forces, 
were encamped at Placentia. Pie now concluded a treaty 
with feveral of the Gallic cantons, joined his brother, and 
again ottered battle to the Romans; but this they thought 
proper to decline; and the conful, being intimidated by 
the defertion of a body of Gauls, abandoned, his camp, 
palfcd the Ti'ebia, and potted himfelf on an eminence near 
that river. Here he drew lines round his camp, and waited 
the arrival of his colleague, with reinforcements from Si¬ 
cily. Hannibal, apprifed of the conful’s departure, fent 
out the Numidian horfe to liarafs him on his march; 
himfelf moving with the main body to fupport them in 
cafe of need. The Numidians kept clofe to the rear of 
the Roman army, palled the Trebia, and put to the fword 
all the ftragglers they found, Soon after, Hannibal com¬ 
ing up, encamped in fight of the Romans, on the oppolite 
bank. Here, having learned the ftrength of the conful 
Sempronius, juft arrived, he brought him to an engage¬ 
ment, and entirely defeated him. Ten thonfand of the 
Romans retired to Placentia, but the reft were either kil¬ 
led or taken prifoners. The Carthaginians purfued the 
flying enemy as far as the Trebia, but did not think pro¬ 
per to pais it on account of the exceflive cold. Hannibal, 
however, ordered the Numidians, Celtiberians, and Lufi- 
tanians, to make incurfions into the Roman territories, 
where they committed great devaftations. During his ftate 
of inaction, he endeavoured to win the attentions of the 
Gauls, and likewifeof the allies of the Romans; declaring 
to the Gallic and Italian prifoners, that he had no inten¬ 
tion of making war upon them, being determined to reftore 
them to their liberty, and protect them againft the Ro¬ 
mans : and, to confirm them in their good opinion of him, 
lie difmifled them all without ranfom. 
Early in the enfuing campaign, Hannibal eroded the 
Apennines, and penetrated into Etruria. All the former 
fatigues of the Carthaginian army were nothing, compared 
to their fufterings in palling a rnorafs, caufed by the inun¬ 
dation of the river Arnus. They marched three days 
and nights fuccellively, up to the knees in water, without 
fleep or reft ; the hoofs of the horfes came off, and the 
beads of burthen; unable to fupport the fatigue, were left 
dead in the mud. Hannibal, riding upon an elephant, the 
only one left alive, felt the complicated diltrefs of his own 
fituation, and that of his army. Having at laft arrived 
upon dry ground, lie received intelligence that the conful 
Flaminius lay encamped with the Romans under the walls 
of Arretium, To inflame the impetuous fpirit of Flami¬ 
nius, the Carthaginians took the road to Rome, and, leav¬ 
ing the Roman army behind, deftroyed all the country 
through which they palled; and, as that part of Italy 
abounded with all the elegancies as well as the neceftaries 
of life, the Romans (offered an incredible lofs on this oc- 
cafion. The conful, altonilhed at the temerity of his ene¬ 
mies, marched in purfuit of them, determining to bring 
them toadbon, Hannibal, in the mean time, itill kept au- 
Vo.m Ill, No, 165, 
H A G E. 84 j 
vancing towards Rome, having Cortona cm the left, and 
the lake Thralymenus on the right; till at laft, having 
drawn Flaminius into an ambufeade, he fuddenly faced 
about, and entirely defeated him. The conful himfelf, 
with 15,000 of his men, fell on the field of battle. A. 
great number were taken prifoners, and a body of 6000 
men, who had fled to a town in Etruria, furrendered to 
Maherbal the next day. Hannibal loft only 1500 men on 
this occaliou, molt of whom were Gauls; though great 
numbers, both of hisToldiers and of the Romans, after¬ 
wards died of their wounds. Being informed that the con¬ 
ful Servilius had detached a body of 4000, or, according 
to Appian, 8000, horfe, from Ariminum, to reinforce his 
colleague in Etruria, Hannibal fent Maherbal, with all 
the cavalry, and a body of infantry, to attack him. The 
Roman detachment confided of cholen men, and was com¬ 
manded by Centenius, a patrician. Maherbal had the 
good fortune to meet with him, at unawares, and, after a 
fliort difpute, defeated him. Two thonfand of the Ro¬ 
mans were laid dead on the fpot; the reft, retiring to a. 
neighbouring eminence, were furrotinded by Maherbal’s 
forces, and obliged to furrender at diferetion. The Car¬ 
thaginian army was now fo much troubled with a fcorbu- 
tic diforder, that Hannibal found it abfolutely neceffary 
to repole them for fotne time in the territory of Adria, a 
pleafant and fertile country. In his various engage¬ 
ments with the Romans, he had taken a great number of 
their arms, with which he now armed his men after the Ro. 
man manner. Being likewife matter of that part of the 
country bordering on the fea, he found means to fend ati 
exprelsto Carthage with an account of the glorious pro- 
grefs of his arms. The citizens received this news with 
the 1110ft joyful acclamations, at the fame time coming to 
a refolution to reinforce their armies, both in Italy and 
Spain, with a great number of troops. 
The Romans, aftoniftied and confounded at the progrefs 
of the African arms, named Fabius Maximus dictator ; a 
man as cool and cautious as Sempronius and Flaminius 
had been warm and impetuous. He fet out with a defign 
not to engage Hannibal, but only to watch his motions, and 
cut off liis provifions, which he knew was the moll proper 
way to deftroy him in a country fo far from his own. Ac¬ 
cordingly he followed him throughUmbria andPicenum into 
Adria, and then through the territories of the Marrucini 
and Frcntani into Apulia. When the enemy marched, he 
followed them ; when they encamped, he did the fame s 
but for the 1110ft part on eminences, and at fome diftance 
from their camp, watching all their motions, cutting oft" 
their ftragglers, and keeping them in a continual alarm. 
This cautious method of proceeding greatly diftrefied the 
Carthaginians, but at the fame time raifed difeontents in 
his own army. But neither t’nefe difeontents, nor the ra¬ 
vages committed by Hannibal, could prevail upon Fabius 
t-o alter his 1 meafures. The former, therefore, entered 
Campania, one of the fineft countries of Italy. Here the 
ravages lie committed raifed Iuch ferious complaints in the 
Roman army, that the dictator was obliged to feign a de- 
fire of coming to an engagement. Accordingly, lie fol¬ 
lowed Hannibal with more expedition than ufual ; bur at 
the fame time avoided an engagement with more care, than 
the enemy fought it. Hannibal, finding he could by no 
means bring the dictator to a battle, and fearing he llionld 
enervate his men, refolved to quit Campania, which he 
found abounding more with fruit and wine than corn, and 
to return to Samnium through the pais Eribanus. Fa¬ 
bius, concluding from liis march that this was liis defign, 
got there before him, and encamped on Mount Callicula, 
having placed feveral bodies of troops in the avenues lead¬ 
ing to it. Hannibal was for fome time at a lofs what to do; 
but at laft contrived the following ftratagem, which Fabius 
could neither forefee nor guard againft. Being encamped 
at the foot of Mount Callicula, he ordered Afdrubai to 
pick out of the cattle taken in the country 2000 of the 
ftrongeft and tumbled oxen, to tie faggots to their horns, 
and to have them and the herdlmen ready without the 
10 F camp;. 
