B 4 S cart 
join bis brother, it would probibly have been impoflible to 
have laved Rome; but, fitting down before Placentia, he 
gave the Romans an opportunity of aflejnbling all their for- 
ces to attack him. At lad he Was obliged to raife the fitfge, 
and began his march for Umbria, He fent a letter to ac¬ 
quaint Hannibal ol his intended motion; but the mell'enger 
was intercepted: and the two confuls, joining their armies, 
fell upon the Carthaginians on their march, when they were 
utterly defeated, and Afdrubal killed. About the lame time, 
Hannibal is faid to have fullered feveral defeats, and had re¬ 
tired to Canufuim; but, on the fatal news of his brother’s 
defeat and death, he was filled with defpair, and retired to 
the extremity of Brutium ; where, aflembling Ids (battered 
forces, he remained for a conliderable time in a (late of in- 
aidion, the Romans not daring to dillurb him, fo formida¬ 
ble did he appear to them, even in tire wane of his glory, 
Livy tells us, that it was difficult to determine whether 
ids conduct was moltwonderful in profperityor in adver- 
iity. In the mean time the Carthaginian affairs in Spain 
went on with no better fuccefs; their generals, one after 
another, were defeated by the Romans. They- had, in¬ 
deed, cut oil' the two Scipios, but found a much more for¬ 
midable enemy in the young Scipio, afterwards furnamed 
Africanus. He overthrew them in conjttndtion with Ma- 
itni(la, king of Numidia, who abandoned their interelt. 
Soon after, Syphax, king of the Madefy Id, was likewife 
perfuaded to withdraw from their party. Scipio alfo gave 
the Spanifh Reguli a great overthrow, and reduced the cities 
of NewCarthage, Gades, and Come other important places. 
The Cartbaginians now began to open their eyes when it 
was too late. Mago was ordered to abandon Spain, and 
fail with ail expedition to Italy. He landed on the coaft 
of Liguria, with an army of 13,000 foot and 3000 liorfe ; 
where he furpriled Genoa, and feized upon tire town and 
port of Savona. A reinforcement was fent him to this 
place, and new levies went on brifkly in Liguria ; but the 
opportunity was pall, and could not be recalled. Scipio 
having carried all before him in Spain, palled over into 
Africa, where he met with no enemy capable of oppofing 
his progrefs. The Carthaginians then, feeing themlelves 
on the brink of deftrudtion, were obliged to-recal their ar¬ 
mies from Italy, to defend their capital. Mago, who had 
entered Ifubria, was defeated by the Romans ; and, hav¬ 
ing retreated into the maritime parts of Liguria, met a 
courier who brought him orders to return to Carthage, 
At the fame time Hannibal was likewife recalled. When 
1 he meilengers acquainted him with the fenate’s order, he 
exprelfed the utmoll indignation and concern, groaning, 
gnafhing Ids teeth, and fcarcely refraining from tears. 
Never did banilbed man, according to Livy, (hew fo much- 
regret in quitting his native country, as Hannibal did at 
going out of that of the enemy. 
Hannibal v\as no looner landed in Africa, then lie fent 
out parties to get provilions for the army, and buy horfes 
to remount the cavalry. He entered into a league with 
the Regulus of the Areacidae, one of the Numidian tribes. 
Four thou (and of Syphax’s liorfe came over in a body to 
him; but, as lie did not think proper torepofe any confi¬ 
dence in them, lie put them to the (word, and diftributed 
their horfes among his troops, Vermina, one of Sy- 
phax’s fons, and Mafetulus, another Numidian prince, 
likewife joined him with a confiderable body of liorfe. 
Moll of tlie fortrefles in Malinilfa’s kingdom either fur- 
rendered to him upon the firlt fummons, or were taken by 
force. Tyclireus, a Numidian Regulus, and faithful ally 
of Syphax, whole territories were famous for an excellent 
breed of horfes, reinforcing him alio with 2000 of his belt 
cavalry, Hannibal advanced to Zama, a town about five 
days journey diftant from Carthage, where he encamped. 
J-Je thence lent out fpies to obferve the pofture of the Ro¬ 
mans. Thefe being taken and brought to Scipio, lie was 
fo far from inflicting any punifiiment upon them, that lie 
commanded them to he led about the camp, in order to 
take an exact fttrvey of it, and then dilmilfed them. Han¬ 
nibal, admiring the generofiiy of his antago.nift, fent a 
H A G E, 
meflenger to defire ah interview with him; Which, by 
means of Mafinilfa, he obtained. The two generals, 
therefore, efcorted by equal detachments of liorfe, met 
at Nadagara, where, by the aililtance of two interpreters, 
they held a private conference, Hannibal flattered Sci¬ 
pio in the molt refined and artful manner, and expatiated 
upon all tliofe topics which lie thought could influence 
that general to grant his nation a peace upon honourable 
terms; amongfl: other things, that the Carthaginians 
would willingly confine themlelves to Africa, fince ('uch 
was the will of the gods, in order to procure a good un- 
derlfanding with the Romans, who fhould be at liberty 
to extend their conquefts to the remotefl: nations. Scipio 
anfwered, that the Romans were not prompted by ambi¬ 
tion, or any ignoble views, to undertake either the former 
or prefent war againfl the Carthaginians, but by jufiice, 
and a proper regard for their allies. He alfo oblerved, 
that the Carthaginians had, before his arrival in Africa, 
not only made him the fame, propofals, but likewife agreed 
to pay the Romans 5000 talents of (liver, to reflore all 
the Roman prifoners without ranfom, and deliver up all 
their galleys. He infilled on the perfidious conduct of the 
Carthaginians, who had broken the truce concluded with 
them : and told him, that, fo far from granting them more 
favourable terms, they ought to expedt more rigorous 
ones ; which, if Hannibal would fubmit to, a peace would 
enfue ; if not, the deciiion of the dil'pute muff be on the 
point of the fword. This conference, betwixt two oLthe 
greatefi generals the world knew, ending without fuccefs, 
they both retired to their refpedlive camps; where they 
informed tlieijr troops, that not only the fate of Rome and 
Carthage, but that of the whole world, was to be deter¬ 
mined by them the next day. An engagement enfued,'ia 
which as Polybius informs 11s, the furpriling military geni¬ 
us of Hannibal difplayed itfelf in an extraordinary manner. 
Scipio likewife, according to Livy, palled an high enco¬ 
mium upon him, on account of his uncommon capacity in 
taking advantages, the excellent arrangement of his forces, 
and the manner in which he gave his orders during the 
engagement. The Roman general, indeed, not only ap¬ 
proved his conduil, but openly declared that it was fupe- 
rior to his own. Neverthelefs, his army being vaflly in¬ 
ferior to the Romans, and the (late of Carthage obliging 
him to hazard a battle at a great difadvantage, Hannibal 
was routed, and his camp taken. He fled firft to Thon, 
and afterwards to Adrumentum, from whence he was re. 
called to Carthage; where being arrived, he advifed his 
countrymen to conclude a peace with Scipio on whatever 
terms he thought proper to preferibe. 
Thus was the fecond punic war concluded. The con¬ 
ditions of peace were very humiliating to the Carthagi¬ 
nians. They were obliged to deliver up all the Roma* 
deferters, fugitive (laves, prifoners of war, and all the 
Italians whom Hannibal had obliged to follow him. They 
alfo delivered up all their (hips of war, and all their tame 
elephants,, and were to train no more of thefe animals for 
the fervice. They were not to engage in any war with¬ 
out the conlent of the Romans. They engaged to pay, 
in fifty years, 10,000 Euboic talents, at equal payments, 
They were to reflore to Malinilfa all they had taken from 
him of his anceftors, and to enter into an alliance with 
him. They were alfo to aflift the Romans both by fea 
and land, whenever they were called upon fo to do, and 
never to make any levies either in Gaul or Liguria. Thefe 
terms appeared fo intolerable to the populace, that they 
threatened to plunder and burn the houfes of the nobi¬ 
lity ; but Hannibal, having allemble'd a body of 6000 foot 
and 500 liorfe at Marthama, prevented an inlurredlion, and 
by his influence and advice completed the accommodation. 
After the conclulion of the peace, Hannibal Hill kept 
up his credit among his countrymen. He was intruded 
with the command of an army againfl fome neighbouring 
nations in Africa ; but, this being difagreeable to the Ro¬ 
mans, he was removed from it, and raifed to the dignity 
of praetor in Carthage. Here he continued for lome time, 
reform. 
