CAR 
CARTlPKENNY, a river of South Wales, which 
funs into the Tave, in Caermartlienfliire, feven miles 
welr-foiith-weft of Caermarthen. 
CARTlIU'Sl ANS, a religious order founded in the 
year 1080, by Brudo. They were fo called from the de- 
iert of Chartrcux, tlie place of tiieir inflitution, and are 
remarkable for the aufterity of their rule. They are not 
to go out of their cells, except to church, nor Ip oak to 
any perfon, without leave of their fuperior. Their beds 
are of draw, covered with felt; their clothing is’ of hair¬ 
cloth, two cowls, two pair of liofe, and a coarfe cloak. 
Women are not allowed to come into their churches. It 
is computed that there are 172 houfes of Carthufians; 
whereof five are of nuns, who pradlife the fame auVeri¬ 
ties as the monks’. They are divided into fixteen pro¬ 
vinces, each of them having two vilitors. There have 
been feveral canonized faints of this order, four cardi¬ 
nals, fevCnly archbifhops and bifhops, and a great many 
learned writers. 
CAR'TILAGE, f. [ cartilago , Lat.] A fmooth and 
folid body, fofter titan a bone, but harder than a liga¬ 
ment. In it are no cavities or cells for containing of mar¬ 
row ; nor is it covered over with any membrane to make 
it fenfible, as the bones are. The cartilages have a natural 
elaflicity, by which, if they are forced from their natural 
figure or fituation, they return to it of themfclves, as foon 
as that force is taken away.—Canals by degrees, are abo- 
lifhed, and grow folid ; feveral of them united grow a 
membrane; thefe membranes further confolidated be¬ 
come cartilages, and cartilages bones, /hbuthnot. See 
Anatomy, vol. i. p. 529. 
CARTILAGI'NEOUS, or Cartila'ginous, adj. 
Confiding of cartilages.—The larynx gives palfage to the 
breath, and, as the breath paffeth through the rimula, 
makes a vibration of tbofe cartilaginous bodies, which 
form's the breath into a vocal found or voice. Holder. 
CARTILA'GINOUS, f. A diftinguithing character 
given to thofe fiflies whole mufcles are fupported by car¬ 
tilages inflead of bones : and comprehends the fame ge¬ 
nera to which Linnaeus has •given the name of amphibia 
nantes. See Ichthyology. 
CARTMEL', an ancient town in I.ancafhire, pleafant- 
ly (ituated in a woody vale, on a promontory that runs out 
into a bay of the lrifli fea, "which on the eaff, fouth, and 
weft, (ides, are bounded by lands, on which there are guides 
to direft travellers in eroding them from Lancafter and 
Ulverflon. The parifh is about fourteen miles in length 
from north to fouth. The north part is very hilly, and 
diflinguiflied by the name of Cartmel Fell; the fouth part 
is a well-cultivated pleafant vale, in the middle of which 
(lands the town. The monaftery, now the parifh church, 
is a large, handfome, Gothic building, dedicated to St. 
Mary, by William Marche], earl of Pembroke, A.D. 
1188; and about the year 1700, the Preflon family, of 
Holker, was at a vad expencc by new-roofing the church, 
and ceiling it with a curious fretted plaifler, likewife 
erefling a new altar-piece, and ornamenting the choir 
with a curious carved partition reprefenting the pafiion. 
The fteeple is mod fingular, the tower being a fquare 
within a fquare, the upper part fet diagonally within the 
lower. The infide of the church is handfome and fpa- 
cious ; the center fupported by four large cluttered pil¬ 
lars ; the wedern part is more modern, and the pillars are 
octagonal. The choir is beautiful furrounded with Halls, 
whole tops and pillars are finely carved with foliage. 
Here are many ancient curious monuments. Under a 
large ornamented arch, on the fouth fide of the altar, lie 
hewn in done the effigies of lord and lady Harrington, 
with a wolf at their feet, which, tradition fays, was killed 
by them on Umperdtead, a large woody rock near Wray- 
Iholm To wee, formerly their dwelling. J. Robinfon’s 
monument, of Newby-bridge, among various funis left for 
charitable ufes, mentions the intered of 20I. for ever, to 
the guide of I.ancader Sands. There are five chapels of 
egfe. under the church, viz. Stavely, fix' miles north; 
Vol. III. No. 166. 
CAR 857 
Cartmel Fell, fix miles north-ead ; I.indal, three miles 
, call ; Broughton, two miles north ; and Flockburgh, two 
miles Louth. The livingsare all in tire gift of lord George 
A .Cavendifh Here is a free grammar.-fcliool, with a good 
endowment, which.was rebuilt in 1790. The market days 
are Tuefdays (formerly Mondays) and Saturdays. Fairs, 
Whit-Monday, and the Tuefday following the 23d of Oc¬ 
tober. Cartmel is didant from Kendal fifteen miles, from 
Lnneafier fixteen, from Ulverfion feven, from Newby- 
bridge and the Lake of Windermere fix, and 260 from 
London. About three miles from the town are the wells, 
or mineral (prings, much retorted to for fcrophulous 
complaints. In the neighbourhood is the elegant feat of 
lord George Aitgudus Cavendifh, named Holker-hall, a 
charming fituation. 
CAR'TON, or Cartoon, in painting, adefigndrawtv 
upon drong paper, to be thence transferred on the frefii 
platter of a wall, to be painted in frefco, or for working 
in mofaic, tapedry, &c. The word is from the Italian’ 
Cartoni, {carta, paper, and oni, large,) denoting many 
dieets paded on canvas, on which large defigns are made, 
whether coloured, or with chalk only. Of thefe many 
are to be feen at Rome, particularly by Domenichino. 
Thofe by Andrea Mantegna, which are at Hampton Court, 
Were made for paintings in the old ducal palace at Mantua. 
But the mod famous performances of this fort, are the 
Cartoons of Raphael, fo delervedlv applauded throughout 
Europe by all admirers of refined taile, for tiieir fingular 
merit with regard to the invention, and for the great ex- 
prellion of characters, countenances, and attitudes, in every 
eompofition. Thefe are feven in number, and form only 
a fmall part of the facred hidorical defigns executed by 
this great artidin the chambers of the Vatican, under tlie 
aufpices of popes Juliusdl. and Leo. X. When finidied, 
they were fent to Flanders, to be copied in tapedry, for 
adorning the pontifical apartments, and were not returned 
to Rome till feveral years after the deceafe of Raphael, 
when many of them perifhed in the terrible fack of that 
city in the time of Clement VII. It was therefore fortu¬ 
nate that thefe feven efcaped the general wreck, and re¬ 
main as fragments of the collection. Thefe feven were 
purchafed by Rubens for king Charles I. and afterwards 
efcaped the fale amongd the royal collection, by the dif- 
proportioned appraifement of thematjool. and nine pieces, 
being the Triumph of Julius Cacfar, by Andrea Man¬ 
tegna, appraifed at ioool. They were taken but (mail 
notice of till king William built a gallery, purpofely to 
receive them, at Hampton Court; whence they were mov¬ 
ed to the Queen’s Palace. They are now (hewn among 
the curiofities at Windfor Cadle. 
CARTO'UCH, J. \_cartouchc, Fr.] A cafe of wood 
three inches thick at the bottom, girt round with marlin, 
and holding forty-eight mufket-balls, and fix or eight iron 
balls of a pound weight. It is fired out of a liobit or fmall 
mortar, and is proper for defending a pafs. Harris. —A 
portable box for carrying cartridges or charges. 
CARTO'USE, or Cartouch, [cartoccio, Italian.] An 
ornament in architecture, fculpture, See. reprefenting a 
fcroll of paper. It is moll commonly a flat member with 
vvavings, on which is fome infeription or device, cypher, 
orn,ament of armory, &c. 
CAR'TRAGE, or Ca'rtridge, f. \_cartouche, Fr.] 
A cafe of paper or parchment filled with gunpowder, ufed 
for the greater expedition in charging guns 
Our monarch (lands in perfon by, 
His new-cafl cannon’s firmnefs to explore ; 
The (Length of big-corn’d powder loves to try, 
And ball and cartrage forts for every bore. Dryden. 
CAR'TULARY, /. [from charta, paper, Lat.] A place 
where papers or records are kept. 
CART'WRIGHT, f. a maker of carts.—After local 
names, the moll names have been derived from occupa¬ 
tions or profeflions; as, Tailor, Potter, Smith, Cart - 
wright. Camden. 
CARTWRIGHT (Thomas), a puritan divine of great 
10 1 learning 
