%8 CAR 
learning and eminence, born in HertferdfhiVe, in 1533'. 
He was admitted into St. Joint's college, Cambridge, in 
1550. He applied himfelf to his (Indies with uncommon 
afiiduity ; and, in 1560, was chofen fellow of that college. 
About three years after, lie was removed to Trinity col¬ 
lege ; where, on account of his great merit, he was fhortly 
alter made one of the eight Senior fellows. In 1564, queen 
Elizabeth vifited the univerfity of Cambridge, and Mr. 
Cartwright was one of thofe .Selected for the public ora¬ 
tions fpcken before her majefty. In 1567, he commenced 
bachelor of divinity ; and was chofen to be lady Margaret’s 
divinity reader. He alfo became fo famous as a preacher, 
that, when it came to his turn to preach at St. Mary’s 
church, the Sexton was obliged to take down the windows, 
on account of the multitudes that came to hear him. 
Mr. Cartwright, in his ledtures, took occafian to deliver 
liis Sentiments on church-difcipline; which being unfa¬ 
vourable to the eftablidied. hierarchy, public accutations 
Were foon exhibited againlt him. Archbifliop Grindal 
wrote to Sir William Cecil, chancellor of the univerfity, 
requeuing him to take fome fpeedy courfe againlt Cart¬ 
wright ; alleging, that in his readings he made invedlives 
againft the external policy, and eftnblifhed ecclefmftical go¬ 
vernment; in confequenee of which, the youth of the uni¬ 
verfity, who frequented his ledtures in great numbers, 
“ were in danger to be poifoned with a love of contention, 
and a liking of novelty.” In 1571, Dr. Whitgilt became 
vice-chancellor of the univerfity ; and by his influence 
more rigorous meafures were taken againft Mr, Cartwright, 
who was deprived of his place of Margaret-profelfor. But 
he (till continued fenior fellow of Trinity college; though 
the following year he was alfo deprived of his fellowship. 
Being thus driven from the univerfity, he travelled abroad, 
and was chofen minifter to the Englifh merchants at An¬ 
twerp, and afterwards at Middkburgh, where he conti¬ 
nued two-years, when, on tire importunity of his friends, 
he returned to his native country. A very fevere perle- 
cution had now taken place againft the puritans; on wltofe 
behalf a piece was pnbliftied, intituled, An admonition to 
the parliament; to which was annexed, A letter from 
Beza to the earl of Leicefter, recommending a reformation 
of church difeipline. Mr. Cartwright, after his return 
£0 England, followed up this publication -with- “ A fecond. 
admonition to the parliament,” with an humble petition 
$0 the two houfes, for relief againft the fubfeription re¬ 
quired by the eccleftaftical commilfioners. The fame year 
Dr. Whitgift publiftied an anfwer to the admonition : to 
which Mr. Cartwright publiftied a reply in 1573 ; and about 
tins time a proclamation was fffued for apprehending him. 
Mr. Cartwright now again found it neceftary to leave the 
■kingdom ; and he continued abroad about five years; dur¬ 
ing which time he officiated as minifter to fome of the Eng¬ 
lish factories- About theyeari58o, JamesVI. king of Scot¬ 
land, having a. high opinion, of. his learning and abilities, 
offered him a profeffbrfttip in the univerfity of St. An¬ 
drew’s; but this he thought proper to decline. Upon his 
return to England, officers were fent to apprehend him, 
as a promoter of fedition, and he was thrown into prifon. 
He probably obtained his liberty through the intereft of 
the lord-treafurer Burleigh, and the earl of Leicefter, by 
both of whom he was favoured : and the latter conferred 
upon him the mafterfliip of the hofpital which he had 
founded in Warwick. In 1583 he was earneftly perfuad- 
ed, by feveral learned proteftant divines, to write againft 
theRhemilh tranflation of theNewTeftament. He accor¬ 
dingly engaged in it; but, after fome time, lie received an 
arbitrary mandate from archbifliop Whitgift, prohibiting 
him' from profeCuting the work any farther. Though he 
was much dife on raged by this, lie nearly completed the 
performance : but it was not publiftied till many years af¬ 
ter his death. It is faid, that queen Elizabeth feat to the 
celebrated Beza, requeuing him to undertake a work of 
this kind ; but he declined it, declaring, that Cartwright 
was much more capable of tl.ie talk than himfelf. Not-, 
vvithftanding the high eftimation in which he was held, and 
CAR 
his many admirers, he was again committed to the Fleek 
prifon in-1590, by Dr. Aylmer, biftiop of London, who 
charged him with disobedience to the eftablidied laws. Irr 
159 r, he wrote to lady Ruflel, dating fome of the griev¬ 
ances under which he laboured, and Soliciting her intereft: 
with lord Burleigh to procure his enlargement. The fame 
year king James interceded with queen Elizabeth, request¬ 
ing her majefty to Shew favour to Mr. Cartwright and his 
brethren, on account of their great learning and faithful 
labours in the gofpel. But he did not obtain his liberty- 
till about the middle of 1392, when.he was reilored to his 
hofpital at Warwick, and was again permitted to preach : 
but his health appears to have been much impaired by his- 
long confinement and clofe application to ftudy. He died 
on the 27th of December 1603, in the 68th year of his age, 
having preached a Sermon on mortality but-two days be¬ 
fore. He was buried in the hofpital at Warwick, and left 
behind him feveral admired tradls on religious controvert. 
CART'WRIGHT (William), born at Northway ,oear 
Tewkefbury, in Gloucefterfhire, in 1611. From the free- 
fcliool of Cirencefter he was removed to Weftminfter-School, 
being chofen a king’s Scholar. In 16^8 he was-eledfed a- 
(Indent of Chrift-church in Oxford. He took the degree 
of M. A. and became a celebrated preacher in theuniver- 
fily. In 1642 biftiop Duppa appointed him to be-iuccentor 
in the church of Saliffniry, and in 1643 he was chofen me- 
taphylicarreader, and junior proctor, of the univerfity. 
He died in 1644, aged 33. There are extant of this au¬ 
thor’s, four plays, befides ether poems, which were print¬ 
ed together in 1651, accompanied by above fifty copies, 
of commendatory verfes. 
CARU' A, f in botany. See Justicia. 
CARVALHAL', a town of Portugal, in the province 
of Beira: five leagues fouth-eaft of Porto. 
C ARV AL'HO, a town of Portugal, in the province of.' 
Beira : four leagues fouth-eaft of Coimbra. 
CARV AL'HO D’ACOSTA (Anthony), born at Li (bon 
in 1650. Having addiefed himfelf to the ftudy of mathe¬ 
matics, aftronomy, and hydrography, he undertook the 
topographical description of his native coun’ry. He made 
the tour of Portugal with great care, following the courfes 
of the rivers, climbing the mountains, and examining every'- 
thing with his own eyes. This work, by far the bed upon ; 
the fubjedt, is in three volumes, folio, which were pnb¬ 
liftied from 1706 to 1712. It contains the hiftory of the- 
principal places, of the illuftrious perfuns who were born.' 
in them, the genealogies of the moll confiderable families, 
with the natural curioiiries of every place he vifited. There 
is alfo by this author a compendium of geography, and a 
method of ftudying aftronomy. He died in 171*3, at the 
age of fixty-five, fo poor that the parifti was obliged to 
difeharge his funeral expences. 
CARU'CA, f. [charrue , Fr.] A plough; from the old 
Gallic carr, which istheprefent Irilh word for any fort of, 
wheeled carriage : hence chart and car, a plowman or ruf- 
tic. Averia caruca, or beafts of the plough, were privi¬ 
leged from diftreffes at common law, while there were 
otherbeafts or goods which might be diftrained. 2 hjl. 133. 
CA'RUC AGE,A- \_carucagium, Lat.] In the ancient feo- 
dal law, a tribute impofed on every plough, for the public 
Service: and, as hidage was a taxation by hides, fo carttcage 
was by carucates of land. 
CA'RUC ATE, oiCarve of Land, f. f r.aruca,t<i tcrrcc ,, 
Lat.] In the ancient tenures, a plough-land ; which in a 
deed of Thomas de Arden, 19 Edw. II. is declared to be 
one hundred acres, by which the fubjedts have Sometimes 
been taxed; whereupon the tribute fo levied was .called 
carvagium , or carucaginm. Brad. lib. 3. cap. 26. But 
Skene fays, it is as great a portion of land as may be tilled 
in a year and a day by one plough; which alfo is called. 
hilda, or hida terra, a word ufed in tire old Britifh laws. 
And now by ftatute 7 and 8 W. III. c. 29^ a plough-land, 
which may contain houfes, mills, part me, meadow., wood. 
See. is 50I. per annum. Littleton, in his chapter of tenure 
in Socage, fiiith, that “ foca idem, eft quod carucata,” a 
lek* 
