CAR 
tfofte or plough-land are all one. Stow fays, king Hen. III. 
took carvage , that is, two marks of (ilverof every knight’s 
fee, tow ards tire marriage of his filter Ifabella to the Em¬ 
peror. Stow's Annals, p. 271. Raftal, in his expofition 
of words, fays carvage is to be quit, it the king fhali tax 
all the lands by carves ; that is, a privilege whereby a man 
is exempted from carvage. '1 he word carve is mentioned 
in the hat. 28 Ed. I. of wards and reliefs, and in Magna 
Charta , c. 5. And A. D. 1200, on peace made between 
England and France, king John lent the king of France 
thirty thoufand marks, for which carvage was collected in 
England, vis. 3s. for each plough. Spelm. v. Carua. Ren¬ 
net’s Glnjf. 1 Inf. 69. and n. 
CARUCAT A'KIUS, f. he that held lands in carvage , 
©r plough tenure. Paroch. Antiq. p. 354. 
To CARVE, v.a. [_ceofran, Sax. kerven, Dutch.] To 
cut wood, or (tone, or other matter, into elegant forms.— 
Taking the very refute, lie hath carved it diligently. Wif. 
dom, xiii. 13.—To cut meat at the table; to make any 
thing by carving or cutting : 
Yet fearing idleness, the nurfe of ill. 
In fculpture exercis’d h-s happy {kill 
And carv’d in ivory a maid fo fair, 
As nature could not with his art compare. Dryden. 
To engrave : 
Run, run, Orlando, carve on every tree 
The fair, the chafte, the unexpreffive fire. Shakefp. 
To diftribute ; to apportion ; to provide at will-—How 
dares finful dtift and afhes invade the prerogative of Pro¬ 
vidence, and carve out to him Pel f the feafons and i If lies of 
life and death 1 South. —To cut; to hew: 
Brave Macbeth, with his brandifil'd Heel, 
Like valour’s minion, carved out his pa (Page. Shakefp. 
To CARVE, v n. T o exercife t!ie trade of a fculptor; 
t-o perform at table the office offupplyingthe company from 
the difhes.—Ido mean to make love to Ford’s wife; I 
fpy entertainment in her; fhe difeourfes, flie carves, (he 
gives the leer of invitation. Shakefpeare. —In the great fa¬ 
milies at Rome, the carver was an officer of fame impor¬ 
tance. L here were mailers to teach them tire art regu¬ 
larly, by means of figures of animals cut in wood; 1 he 
Greeks alfo had their carvers, called hursoi, q. d. dciiui- 
tores , or diflributors. In the primitive times, the mailer of 
the feaft carved for all his guefts. Thus in Homer, when 
Agamemnon’s amballadors Were entertained at Achilles’s 
table, the hero himlelf carved the meat. The fame of¬ 
fice on folemn occafions was executed by the great men of 
Sparta. Some derive the enftom of d.Ifiibnting to every 
gueft bis portion, from thofe early ages when the Greeks 
firft left off feeding on acorns, and learned the ufe of corn : 
the new diet was fo great a delicacy, that it was found 
necefiary to make a fair diftributioh of it at table. In Scot¬ 
land, the king has an hereditary carver in the family of 
Anfiruther. 
CAR'VEL, f. a fmall lit ip.—I gave them order, if 
they found any Indians there, to fend in the little fly-boat, 
or the carvel, into the river: for, with our great Ihips, 
we dm ft not approach' the coaft. Raleigh. 
CAR'VEL of Sr. THOMAS, one of the fmaller Virgin 
inlands in the Weft Indies: feven miles foitth-weft of St. 
'J homas. 
C AR'VENDONCK, a towm of Germany, in the circle 
of Weftphalia, and duchy of Cleves: eight miles fouth- 
fouth-eaft of Cleves. 
CA'RVER, f a fculptor: 
All arts and artifts Thefeus could command, 
Who (old for hire, or wrought for better fame ; 
The mafter painters-and the carvers came. Dry den. 
He that cirs up the meat at the table 
Meanwhile thy indignation yet to raife, 
Th ecarver, dancing round each dilh, Purveys 
With flying knife, and, as his art direfts, 
With proper geftures cv’ 17 fowi.diUpctsv Dry den. 
CAR 859 
He that apportions or diftributes at will.—We are not'the 
carvers of our own fortunes. L’ Ef range. 
CARUIFO'LIA. See Selinum, 
CARU'GNA, a town of Piedmont, in the marquifate 
of Ivrea : eight miles fouth-weft Ivrea. 
CARVILLAN', a fmall ifland near tire weft coaft of 
Scotland, a little to the north of the illand of Gigo. 
CARVIN', a town of France, in the department of the 
Straits of Calais, and chief place of a canton, in thedilirirt 
of Bethune : four leagues eaft of Bethune. 
CAR'VING , f. Sculpture; figures carved.-—They can 
no more laft like the ancients, than excellent carvings In 
wood like thole in marble and brafs. Temple. 
The lids are ivy, grapes in cluffCrs ftifk 
Beneath the carving of the curious work. Dry den. 
C AR'VIST, (in falcony,) a hawk in the beginning of 
the year: fo termed from its being carried on the fill. 
C A'RUM,y. [fo named from Caria, a province of Afia.] 
The Caraway ; in botany, a genus of the clafs pentan- 
dria, order digynia 5 natural order of umbellatae, or um- 
belliferre. The generic characters are—Calyx ; umbel 
univerfal long; rays ten, frequently unequal; umbel 
partial, crowded ; involucre univerfal, often monoghyi- 
lou-s ; partial none ; perianth fcarcely manifeft. Corolla: 
univerfal uniform; florets of the dilk abortive; proper 
unequal ; petals live, unequal, obtufe, carinated, inflex- 
emarginate. Stamina: filaments five, capillary, lengm, 
of the corolla, caducous ; antherre roundilh, very fmall, 
Piltillum : gernxinferior; ftyles two, very fmall; ftiVmas 
limple. Pericarpium : none; fruit ovate-oblong, ftriated,. 
bipartile. Seeds : two, convex on one fide, ovate-oblong, 
ftriated, flat on the other fide.— EJJential Char oiler. Flint 
ovate-oblong, ftriated; involucre one-leafed; petioles 
keeled, inflex-emarginate. 
There is only one fpecies; carum carui; or common ca¬ 
raway. It is a biennial plant, with a taper root like a parfi- 
nip, but much fmaller, running deep into the ground, 
fending out many fmall fibres, and having a ftrong aro¬ 
matic tafte. The whole plant is fmooth ; Items folid, chan¬ 
nelled, from eighteen incites to two feet and upwards in 
height, with lpreading branches; leaves decompound, 
long and narrow, on long petiole.-; leaflets infixes, in.a- 
fort of whorl, two of them longer ; fegments terminating - 
in a reddifl: femi-tranlparent fnbftance. Univerfal invo¬ 
lucre generally one-leafed, as Linn.x-us deferibes it; but 
it has fometimes as far as five caducous leaflets ; rays'of 
the umbel from nine to twelve ; Lome umbelihles have 
twenty florets, white or tinged with red: fome of them 
neutral, according to Linnaeus, but all fertile, as Dr, Wi¬ 
thering affirms. It grows naturally in rich meadows in 
Lincolnlhire, in Yorkfliire near Hull, in Norfolk, near- 
Cambridge, Bury, &c, and is cultivated in fome coun¬ 
ties, particularly EITex. It flowers in May and June ; and 
the feeds ripen in autumn. Parkinfon fays, the yoitn« - 
roots are better eating than parfnips. The tender leaves 
in the fpring are boiled in foup. The feeds, it is well 
known, are much ufed in cakes, and incrufted with fugar 
for comfits ; they are diftilled alfo with fpirituous liquors 
for their flavour. They were formerly recommended by 
Diofcorides for pale-faced girls; and in more modern days 
their ufe in that cafe is not forgotten. They are no def- 
picable remedy in tertian agues. They abound with an' 
effeniial oil, which, is antifpafmodic and carminative. Lewis 
fays, that about one ounce iu thirty of eflential oil arifes 
from the feeds in diftillation, that it is of a bright yellow 
colour, hotter and more pungent to the tafte than what is 
obtained from mo ft other warm feeds; that it is given from 
one to five drops as a carminative, and is fuppofed to be 
of peculiar efficacy in promoting urine. The herb affords 
a limiiar oil ; but fixteen pounds of the herb in flower, 
dripped from the ftalks, yield fcarcely an ounce. This is, 
one of the eflential oils of the London and, Edinburgh dif- 
penfa'tories. It enters the competition of eleftuarv of 
fcammony. A diftilled water of the feeds is there alfo di— 
retted. The feeds themfclves are. an ingredient in com¬ 
pound, 
