862 CAR 
There is but one fpecies, Caryophyllus aromaticus, or 
clove-tree, which is correctly reprefented in the annexed 
Engraving. According fo Mr. Miller, this tree rifes to 
the height of a common apple-tree, but the trunk generally 
divides at about four or five feet from the ground into 
three or four large limbs, which grow eredt, and are co¬ 
vered with a thin fmooth bark, which adheres clofely to 
the wood. Thefe limbs divide into many fmall branches, 
which form a fort of conical figure ; the leaves are like 
thole of the bay-tree, and are placed oppofite on the 
branches. The flowers are produced in loofe bunches at 
the end of the branches; are fmall, white, and have a 
great number of flamens, which are much longer than 
the petals. The flowers are fucceeded by oval berries, 
which are crowned with the calyx, divided into four 
parts, and fpreading flat on the top of the fruit ; it is 
the young fruit beaten from the trees before they are halt 
grown, which are the cloves ufed all over Europe. M. 
Sonnerat deferibes the clove-fltrub as of a pyramidal 
form ; leaves oppofite, pointed at each end, fmooth, and 
waving on the edge, on a petiole an inch in length, and 
red ; this petiole is the molt aromatic part of the whole 
fltrub, not excepting even the clove. The flowers grow 
in a cyme (par bouquet) at the ends of the branches ; pe¬ 
tals bluifh, veined with white, rounded at the end, and 
concave; fruit reddifh, and inclofing commonly two 
feeds. The whole flirtib is aromatic, and does not fucceed 
except in moilt fituations. It is not confined to Banda 
and Amboyna, but is found at Ternate, and in all the 
Moluccas, in many of the South-Sea iflands, New Guinea, 
and the neighbouring ifles, &c. 
There are no plants of the clove-tree in the gardens 
either of England or Holland. The Dutch have been ever 
jealous of other nations partaking with them in the fpicc- 
tradc ; they will not therefore permit the trees to be re¬ 
moved from the iflands where they grow naturally; nor 
will they fuffer them, as far as they can prevent it, to grow 
in the uninhabited iflands. Captain Rofy told Dampier, 
that he was fent on purpofe to cut them down, and that 
he did actually at feveral times cut down feven or eight 
hundred trees. Yet, (fays Dampier,) there are many un¬ 
inhabited iflands that have great plenty of them. Not- 
withflanding the extreme caution of the Dutch, this va¬ 
luable tree has been fome time in the hands of the French 
at Cayenne and elfewhere. It is alfo in the botanic gar¬ 
den in our ifland of St. Vincent, and has been fent thence 
to Barbadoes (1794) by Mr. Anderfon, the fuperintend- 
ant. The clove is confidered as one of the hotted and 
mod acrid fubdances of the aromatic clafs, and as fuch is 
often ufed, not only internally, but externally, as a fiimu- 
lant; as in paralytic cafes for example, in which the oil 
of cloves lias been adntinidered to advantage : it is alfo 
made ufe of in the tooth-ach, in which it often fticceeds 
in fuddenly abating and fubduing the pain. A tindlure 
of cloves in rectified fpirit is kept in the fhops, as well as 
the effential oil, which latter is perhaps feldotn free from 
fophidication. For culinary purpofes the ufes of cloves 
are innumerable. See Aphtllakthes, Arenaria, 
Cerastium, Cucuealus, Gypsopiiila, Holos- 
teum, Hypericum, Jamboufera, Lychnis, Myr- 
tus, Silene, Statice, Stellaria, and Tagetes. 
CARYCFTA,/". [xxpvur o$^om£, a nut-bearing palm.] 
In botany, a genusof the clafs (appendix) palmae,(monoe- 
cia polyandria,) natural order of palms. The generic cha- 
radters are—I. Male flowers. Calyx : fpathe univerfal, 
compound; fpadix ramofe. Corolla: tripartite; petals 
lanceolate, concave. Stamina: filaments very numerous, 
almod longer than the corolla ; anthene linear.—II. Fe¬ 
male flowers, in the fame fpadix with the males. Calyx : 
common with the males. Corolla : tripartite ; petals 
acuminate, very fmall. Pifiiilum : germ roundilh ; fiyle 
acuminate ; fligma fimple. Pericarpium : berry round- 
ifh, unilocular. Seeds two, large, oblong, roundilh on 
one fide, flat on the other.— EJfential CharaBer. Male. 
Calyx common ; corolla tripartite ; ftamen's very many. 
CAS 
Female. Calyx as in the male ; corolla tripartite; pif- 
tillum one; berry difpermous. 
Species. 1. Caryota urens, or burning caryota : fronds 
bipinnate ; leaflets feffile ; berry two-feeded. This palm 
becomes a lofty tree. The trunk is frequently lo large as 
fcarcely to be embraced by two men : it is covered with 
a fort of cinereous crud, which is quite lmooth. The 
branches, or fronds, are produced regularly from the top 
of the trunk, all round it, in a deculfated order, and in 
pairs. The leaves, or leaflets, are oppofite, oblong, 
triangular, rigid, fmooth, finning, brovvnifh green, with 
flrong nerves, and folding like a tan. The flowers are in 
long pendulous fpikes, on which they grow in pairs. The 
corolla, which is fometimes bipartite, but commonly tri¬ 
partite, is at fird green, then red or purple, and finally 
yellow. The fruit is a fucculent globular berry, a little 
flatted, terminated by a triangular twin fligma : at fird it 
is hard and green, next yellow, then red, and, when quite 
ripe, a dark red (almod black) and Ihining ; the rind is 
thin, and the pulp is foft and red, very (harp and acrid; 
whence the name. Within are two ffones or feeds (fome¬ 
times only one), hard, roundilh or oblong, convex on one 
fide, flat on the other, wrinkled ; they are of a dark red 
or blackifh colour on the outfide. In the ifland of Cey¬ 
lon this tree is known by the name ot kcttule. It yields a 
fort of liquor, which the inhabitants call tellegie, fweet 
and pleafing to the palate. It is taken from the tree 
twice, and from fome good trees thrice, in a day. An or¬ 
dinary tree will yield three or four gallons. They boil 
this liquor, and thus make a kind ot brown fugar of it, 
called jaggory ; but, with fkill, they can make it as white 
as the fecond-bed fugar. When the tree is come to ma¬ 
turity, there comes out a bud from the top, which, if it 
be fufl’ered to grow, will bear the fruit; but this is only 
fit to fet for increafe. This bud they cut and prepare, by 
putting fait, pepper, lemons, garlic, leaves, &c. which 
keep it from ripening. They daily cut off a thin (lice 
from the end, and the liquor drops into a veffel, which 
they fet to catch it. It bears a leaf like that of the betel- 
nut tree, which is faflened to a fkin as that is, only this 
fkin is hard and fltubborn like a piece of board; the fkin 
is full of firings as flrong as wire, and they are ufed 
for making ropes. So long as the tree is growing the 
leaves died, but, when it is come to its full growth, they 
remain many years before they fall, but then no new ones 
fucceed. As the top bud withers, other buds come out 
lower and lower every year, till they come to the bottom 
of the boughs, and then, having done bearing, may fland 
feven or ten years, when it dies. The wood is not 
above three inches thick, very flrong and hard, but apt 
to fplit. Being very heavy, they make peflles of it to 
beat their rice with. The buds, like thole of the cocoa 
and betel-nut tree, are excellent in tade, refembling 
walnuts or almonds. 
2. Caryota mitis, or mild caryota : fronds bipinnate ; 
petioles of the leaflets nodding; berries onc-feeded. The 
trunk of this palm is fifteen feet high, two inches thick, 
very flraight and regular; fronds four feet long, reclin¬ 
ing on roundifh, unarmed, dipes. The berry is round, 
coriaceous, fmooth, black, the fize of a mufket-bullet ; 
containing one globular, pale, foftifh, feed. It is not eat¬ 
able, but neither that nor the plants occafion an itching, 
as the other fort does. It is a moll beautiful palm, and 
grows in the woods of Cochin-china. 
CARYS'TUS, in the ancient mythology, the god of 
fire, to whom all hot fprings or fountains were dedicated. 
CARYS'TUS, in ancient geography, a town of Greece, 
in the ifland of Euboea, fituated in tiie fouthern part of the 
ifland, at the bottom of a fmall gulf which opened to the 
fouth-wed. 11 wasfamous for the quarries of marble which 
were found in mount Ocha, at the foot of which it was 
fituated. 
CA'SA (John de), a polite Italian writer of the 16th 
century, born at Florence, and became archbifhop of 
Benevento, He was employed in many important ilegoci- 
ations 
