CAS 
again ft him. Roll. Air. 109. But he may let it lie there 
long'enough to make into hay. Stra. 245. Anadtion lies 
for not repairing fences, but it mult be brought ag;iinft 
tlie occupier. 4 T. R. 318. For various injuries done to 
a man’s houfe and land, which may be redrelfed by this 
kind of action, fee Nuisance. 
As to incorporeal hereditaments: if a man has a private 
. way over the land of another, and beobftructed in the en¬ 
joyment of it, this adtion lies. 1 Roll. Abr. 108. Cro. Etiz. 
84. So any dittorbance of a right of common will fup- 
port it. Ld. Raym. 1225. Ditlurbance of a right of hold¬ 
ing fairs, or markets, of an ancient ferry, of tiling a parti¬ 
cular pew in a church, or in the exercife of any office, are 
injuries for which this adlion can be maintained. 1 Stra. 5. 
Hale on F. N. B. 184. Bull. N. P. 76. 1 T. R. 428. 2 Vent. 
171. And laflly, for any nuifance to a man’s water, light, 
or air, the law has allowed a fpecial action on the cafe. 
Cro. Eliz. 427. Yelv. 109. The reader will find, under 
different heads in this work, many other inftances in which 
this kind of adlion may be brought; and for a general 
abridgement of the law on this fubject, reference may be 
had to Com. Dig. Tit. Action. 
CASE, f. \_caijfe, Fr. a box.] Something that covers 
or contains any thing elfe ; a covering; a box ; a (heath : 
Each thought was vifible that roll’d within, 
As thro’ a cryftal cafe the figur’d hours are feen. Dryden. 
The outer part of a houfe or building.—The cafe of the 
holy houfe is nobly defigned, and executed by.great maf- 
ters. Addfon.-— A building unfurnifhed.—He had a pur- 
pofe likewife to raife in the univerlity a fair cafe for books, 
and to furnifh it with choice collections from all parts, at 
his own charge. IVotton. 
CASE-HARDENING, /. A fuperficial converfon of 
iron into fteel. Steel, when hardened, is brittle, and iron 
alone is not capable of receiving the polifli fteel may be 
brought to poffefs. There is neverthelefs a variety of 
articles in which it is defirable to poifefs all the hardnefs 
and polifh of fteel, together with the firmnefs of iron. 
Thefe requifites are united in the art of cafe-hardening, 
which does not differ from the making of (teel, except in 
the (horter duration of the procefs. Tools, utenlils, or 
ornaments, intended to be polifhed, are firft manufactured 
in iron, and nearly finiflied ; after which they are put into 
an iron box, together with vegetable or animal coals in 
powder, and cemented for a certain time. This treatment 
converts the external part into a coating of (teel, which is 
uUially very thin, becaufe the time allowed for the ce¬ 
mentation is much fhorter than when the whole is intended 
to be made into (teel. Immerlion of the heated pieces 
in water hardens the furface, which is afterwards polillied 
by the ufual method. See Steel. 
CASE-KNIFE,/! A large kitchen-knife.—The king 
always afts with a great cafc-hnfe (tuck in his girdle, 
which the lady fnatches from him in the druggie, and Co 
defends herfelf. Addifon. 
CASE-SHOT, or Cannister-Shot, f. A number 
of fmall balls put into a round tin cannifter, and Co (hot out 
ofgieat guns. Thefe have fuperfeded, and been fubfti- 
tuted indead of, the grape-fhot, which are now modly laid 
a(ide. 
To CASE, v. a. To put inacafe or cover : 
Like a fall’n cedar, far diffus’d his train, 
Cas'd in green dales, the crocodile extends. Thomfcn. 
To cover as a cafe : 
'[ hen comes my fit again ; 1 had elfe been perfect', 
As broad and gen’ral as the cafing air. Shakefpeare. 
To cover on the outlide with materials different from the 
jnlide.—Then they began to cafe their houfes with marble. 
yh 'butknot. —To drip off the covering ; to take off the fkin. 
_We’ll make you tome (port with the fox, ere we cafe 
him. Shakffpiate. 
To CASE, v. n. To put cafes ; to contrive reprefenta- 
tions of fails; a ludicrous a/c!—They fell prefently to rea- 
CAS 867 
foning and cnfng upon the matter with him, and laying 
diftinclions before him. L’F.Jhange. 
CASE-A'R 1 A, f. in boranv. See Samyda. 
CASEL'I.E, a tow n of Italy, in ihe principality of 
Piedmont, on a fmall river which runs into the Stura : 
fix miles "north of Turin. 
CA'SEMATE, f. [from cafa arriata, Ttal. cafamata , 
Span, a vault formerly made to feparate the platforms 
of the lower and upper batteries.] In fortification, a kind 
of vault or arch of (tone- work, in that part of the flank of 
a baftion next the curtain, ferving as a buttery to defend 
the face of the oppoffte^baftion, and the moat or ditch. 
The cafemate fometim.es confifts of three platforms, one: 
above another; the higheft being on the rampart, though 
it is common to withdraw this within the baftion. The cate- 
mate isalfo called the low place, and low Hank, as being 
at tlie bottom of the wall, next the ditch; and lometimes 
the retired flank, as being the part of the flank neareft the 
curtain, and the centre of the baftion. It was formerly 
covered by an epaulement, or a mafiive body, either round 
or fquare, which prevented the enemy from feeing within 
the batteries ; whence it was alfo called covered flank. It 
is now feldom tiled, becaufe the batteries of the enemy 
are apt to.bury the artillery of the cafemate in the ruins of 
the vault; belides, the great fmoke made by the difeharge 
of the cannon, renders it intolerable to the men. So that, 
inftead of the ancient covered cafemates, later engineers 
have contrived open ones, only guarded by a parapet, &c. 
Cafemate is alfo tiled for a well with (everal fubterrane- 
ous branches, dug in the paffage of the baftion, till the 
miner is heard at work, and air given to the mine. 
CA'SEMENT, f Icafamento, Ital.] A window' open¬ 
ing upon hinges.—Why, then, may you have a cafement of 
the great chamber window, where we play, open, and the 
moon may fliine in at the cafement. Shaltefpcai c. 
CASE'NA, oi’Cassena. See Cashna. 
CA'SENDORF, a town of Germany, in tlie circle of 
Franconia, and principality of Culmbach : leven miles 
fouth-weft of Culmbach. 
CASE'NI, a town of Pertia, in the province of Irac: 
160 miles eaft of Ifpahan. 
CA'SEOUS, adj. leaf us, Lat.] Refentbling cheefc ; 
cheefy.—It fibrous parts are from the cafeous parts of the' 
chyle. Floyer. 
CASE'RN,/. in fortification, a fmall room or hut, 
erected between the ramparts and the houfes of fortified 
towns, or even on the ramparts themfelves, to ferve as 
lodgings for the foldiers on immediate duty. 
CASER'TA, a town of Italy, in the kingdom of Na- 
and country of Lavora, where the king of Naples, after¬ 
wards Charles III. king of Spain, built a moll magnificent 
palace: five miles eaft of Capua. 
CA'SES (Pcterjames), an eminent painter, born at Pa¬ 
ris, where he alfo died in the month of June, 1754, at the 
age of feventy-nine. He ftudied under Houafle, and after¬ 
wards Bon Boullogne. He obtained the grand prize for 
painting in 1699, and was made member of the academy 
in 1704. Cafes may be confidered as one of the fi 1 ft paint¬ 
ers of the French fchool. His drawing is corredl, and in 
the grand ftyle; his compofitions (liew a happy genius; he 
excelled in draperies, and poflelfed an intelligence in the 
chiaro-ofcuro to a very high degree. His ftrokes are mel¬ 
low, and his pencil brilliant. I his famous artift worked 
with great induftry ; and his performances decorated ma¬ 
ny of the churches in Paris and Verfailles. He moftly 
excelled in pidtures with horfes. d he king of Pruflia had 
two fine pieces by this painter, which have been compared 
for their execution with the works of Correggio, d he 
celebrated Le Moine was a pupil of Cafes. 
CASH,/. [caiJJhyVr. ached:.] Money ; properly ready 
money; money in the cheft, or at hand. — He is at an end 
of all his cafh ; he hath both his law and his daily bread 
now upon truft. Aibuthnot. 
He fent the thief, that dole the cafi, away, 
And punifh’d him that put it in his way. Pope. 
CASH-BOOK, 
