CAS 
enlivened by the cheerful notes of canary-birds, which fly 
wild and nnconflned about them. The mufeum, which 
was built by the lad landgrave, Frederic II. to whom the 
town is indebted for many of its''public ornaments, is a no‘ 
bl; building; the library, a magnificent room, is five hun¬ 
dred, feet long, and forty feet broad. The mufeum con¬ 
tains a valuable collection of antiquegems and ornaments, 
itufl'ed animals, flatties, bttfts, and cork models of build¬ 
ings at Rome, Athens, S:c. Among the mathematical 
apparatus, we were fhewn a focus glafs which v\ i 11 burn 
wood in.water. There were only three of thefe glades, made 
by a man, now dead, who was in the prince of Stolbergls 
fervice; the glades are faid alfo to dilfolve diamonds! 
This account reminded us of the famous glades of Ar¬ 
chimedes.” Here are feveral manufactures of cloth and 
woollen duffs, fine hats, gold and lilver lace, dockings of 
wprfted and 01k, tobacco, earthenware, in'imitation of 
China, See. It was taken by the French in the year 1760, 
and kept by them till the peace in 1763 : eighty-four 
miles north-eaft of Coblentz, eig'hty-four north-north-eaft 
of Mentz, and fifty fouth-eaft of Paderburn. Lat. 51. 17. 
IN- Ion. 26. 57. E. Ferro. 
CAS'SEL, a town of Germany in the circle of the 
Lower Rhine, fituated on the Maine, opnofite to Mentz, 
with which it has a communication by means of'a bridge 
of boats. It was taken by the French republicans in 1792, 
and fortified by them. The next year it was fat on fire 
in the liege of Mentz, and feveral ammunition waggons 
blown up, when it w'as retaken by the Prufiians. 
CAS'SEL, on Mont Cassel, a town of France; in 
the department of tire North, and chief place of a canton, 
in the didriff of Hazebrouck, fituated on a hill which 
commands the country round for a great extent, including 
in its view thirty-two cities and, towns, and the caftle of 
Dover, acrofs the Engfidi Channel: fix pods wed-north- 
wed of Lille, and feven and a half eaft-fouth-ead of Calais. 
CASSENIEU', a town of France, in the department 
of the Charente, and chief place of a canton, in the dil- 
tri£l of la Rochefoucauld ; fix miles north-ead: of la 
Rochefoucauld. 
CAS'SER, a town of Ada, in the Arabian Irac, on 
the Tigris ; 120 miles feuth-fouth-eaft of Bagdad. 
CASSERCEN', a town of Africa, in the kingdom of 
Tunis : no miles foutfi-weft of Tunis. 
CASSE'RES, a river of Africa, which runs into the 
fea, to the north of the river Sierra Leona-. 
CAS'SIA, a country of Sumatra. The inhabitants 
live in villages, independent one of another, and are al¬ 
ways at war. 
CAS'SIA,A- [xusiro-scc, Gr. from nj)»yp katfia, which is 
from yvp katfa, to tear oft', Arab, fo, called from the a£f 
of dripping the bark from the tree.3 The Wild Senna ; 
in botany, a genus of the clafs decandria, order mono- 
gynia ; natural order of lombntacese. The generic cha¬ 
racters are—Calyx : perianthiuin pentaphyllous, (quin.- 
quepartite, G.) lax concave, coloured, deciduous. Co¬ 
rolla : petals five, rounduh concave ; the inferior ones 
more diftant, more fpreading, larger. Stamina: filaments 
fen, declined ; the three inferior ones longer; the three 
Itiperior ftiorter; anthers; the three inferior very large, 
arcuate, roftrate, gaping at the tip; the four lateral ones 
without the roftrum, gaping; the three fuperiorones very 
fmall, fterile. Piftillum : germ fubcoiumnar, long, pe- 
duncled ; ftyle very fhort; ftigma obtule, afeending. Pe- 
ricarpium : legume oblong, partitions trar.fverfe. Seeds: 
many, roundifli, affixed to the fuperior future.— •Ejjenlial 
Chara&er. Calyx pentaphyllous ; petals five ; the three 
fuperior anthers fterile ; the three infeiior beaked. 
Species. 1. Cadia diphylla, or two-leaved caffia; leaves 
conjugate ; ftipules cordate-lanceolate. A fltrub with a 
round ftem ; two femiorbiculafe obtufe ftriated leaves on 
a fliort petiole. Native of the Weft-Indies. Annual. In¬ 
troduced into England 1781, by Mr. Francis Madbn. 
Cafila bacillaris : leaflets two pairs, ovate, oblique, 
an obtufe gland between the leweft ; racemes axillary, pe- 
C A % 871 
duncled, filique round,-long. A dirub of twelve feet in 
height, and very fmooth, Flowers orange, of a mid¬ 
dling fize. Native of Surinam : obferved by Dalborg. 
3. Caflia abfus, or four-leaved cafiia : leaflets two pairs, 
obovate; glands two, fubulate between the loweft. A 
hairy plant, with a deader ftriated ftem. Native of In- 
Mia, Ceylon, Egypt. Annual. Introduced into England 
in 1777 by Patrick RulLell, M. D. 
4. Caffia viminea, or weakly fenna-dmib, or twiggy 
cadia : leaflets two pairs, ovate-obiong, acuminate, an ob¬ 
long gland between the lowed ; fpines fubpetioled, obfo- 
lete, three-toothed. Stem fltrubby, climbing to the height 
of forty or fifty feet, ftriated, ftiff; branches divaricate, 
loofe, ftiffifti, round, ftriated, fmooth. Native of Jamaica, 
in tlie woods of the higher mountains in the interior of 
the ifland. Introduced here in 1786, by Mr. Alexander 
Anderfon. 
5. Cafiia tagera : leaflets three pairs; gland petiolar ; 
ftipules ciliated-cordate, acuminate. A fmall procum¬ 
bent fhrub, with filiform branches. Native of India. 
6. Caflia tora, or oval-leaved caflia, or wild fenna : 
leaflets three pairs, obovate ; the outer ones larger, a 
fubulate gland between the lower. Stem ere< 5 t, lefs woody,, 
roughifh, knotty from the fears of the leaves. Flowers 
pale yellow-. Native of the Ead-Indies,' Japan, Cochin- 
china, &c. Annual. -The leaves are fubftituted for fen¬ 
na in the natural place of its growth. Cultivated in 1693 
by Jacob Bobart. 
7. Caflia bicapfularis, or fix-leaved caffia : leaflets three 
pairs, obovate, fmooth; the interior ones rounder and lefs, 
a globular gland interpofed. Arborefcent and very fmooth. 
Perennial. Miller describes his bicapfularis to be an an¬ 
nual plant, a foot and a half high, with an ereft herbace¬ 
ous ftalk ; three pair of oval leaflets to each leaf; the 
flowers .axillary, folitary, fmall, yellow; the pods taper; 
the natural place of growth Jamaica and the other fugar 
iflarids. Alfo in the ifland of Medeira. This cannot be 
the fame plant with Linnaeus’s. Cultivated in 1739 by 
Mr. Philip Miller. 
8. Cadia emarginata : leaflets three or four pairs, ovate, 
almofi entire ; flowers in racemes, irregular; item arbore¬ 
ous. This is a (mail tree ; with a trunk ten or twelve 
feet high. It flowers in the fpring, and the feeds ripen 
in Augufl. Native of Jamaica, in dry coppices in the 
fouthern part. Mr. Philip Miller fays, that it was feat 
him from Carthagena by Mr. Robert Millar. It is known 
by the name of fenna-tree in Jamaica, and ihe leaves of 
this are fomerimes tiled indead of the true fort. 
9. 'C.iffia/Obtufifolia, or round-leaved caffia : leaflets 
three pairs, obovate, blunt. Height from one to two feet; 
Item folitary, Untight, pound, green, fmooth, the fize of 
the little finger below, branching from the very bottom. 
Flowers few, fmall, nodding, pale yellow. Annual, The 
leaves have no odd leaflet. The feeds were fent from the 
Havannah in Cuba : and it is a native of Jamaica. 
jo. Caflia falcata, or fickle-leaved caffia : leaflets four- 
pairs, ovate-lanceolate, back-fickled, a gland at the bafe 
of the petioles. Native of America. 
( u. Caflia longifiiiqua, or long-podded caffia: leaflets 
four pairs, the outmoft lanceolate ; a fubulate gland be¬ 
low the inmoft, and between the outmod. Native of Ame¬ 
rica. Perennial. 
12. Caflia occidentalis, or occidental caffia: leaflets five 
pairs, ovate-lanceolate, fcabrous about the edge, the outer 
ones^larger; a gland at the bafe of the petioles.' Stejn a, 
foot and half high, rough, with irregularly fcattered dots, 
fcoi-ed downwards from each petiole with two grooves ; 
flowers pale yellow without any fpot. Tire leaves in the 
young plant have five pairs of leaflets, but in the adult on¬ 
ly three. It is very common about Kingflon in Jamaica, 
and is called there finking weed. The tops of the plant 
are commonly empioyetj in ail refolutive baths, and it is, 
accounted a very powerful ingredient on fitch occafiorps. 
Cultivated by Mr. Miller in 1739- 
13. Caffia planifiliqua: leaflets five pairs, ovate, lan-. 
ceo.late,. 
