$74 CAS 
oblong, (harpifh, fmooth ; a g'and at the bafe of the peti¬ 
oles f brandies even. Native of the Welt Indies. Mr. 
Gilbert Alexander introduced it info England in 1778. It 
flowers in Auguffand September. 
47. Caflia ftipulacea, or large-ftipuled caflia: leaflets 
about eight pairs, ovate-lanceolate, a gland between the 
lower; flipules ovate, very large. This is a native of 
Chili, and was introduced in 1786 by M. Thouin. 
48. Caflia frondofa, or fmooth-leaved ca ! l;;•: leaflets 
nine pair s, oval-oblong, fmooth, bluntifh, acylir.dric gland 
between the lower ; petiole without any gland at the bafe. 
This is a native of the Weft Indies ; and was introduced 
about 1769. It flowers in March and April. 
49. Caflia fericea : leaflets about four pairs, ovate, hir- 
fute; a fubulate gland between the leaflets; peduncles 
four-flowered; legumes four-cornered. 50. Caflia line- 
ata: leaflets five pairs, fomewhat oblong, piibefcent, be¬ 
neath equal; an obfolete gland beneath tire lowefl; pedun¬ 
cles one-flowered. 51. Caflia virgata: leaflets ten pairs, 
ovate-lanceolate, villofe ; a petiolar pedicelled gland ; pe¬ 
duncles one-flowered, longer than the leaves. Thefe 
three are natives of Jamaica. 
Propagation and Culture. Many of thefe plants are pre- 
ferved in curious gardens, though feveral of them have 
not much beauty to recommend them. The molt beauti¬ 
ful are tire 8th, 14th, 31ft, 39th, 40th, and 41 A. Thefe 
all make a good appearance in the ftove, when they are in 
flower; and, as they retain their leaves all the year, they 
give an agreeable variety in winter. All the fpecies con- 
tradl their leaves every evening as the fun declines, and 
open them again with the riling fun : the under furface 
of the leaflets is turned outward, the upper furfaces being 
clapped dole together. Moll plants whofe under fur- 
face is thus turned outward, grow on dry fandy land, 
where the roots do not find fufiicient fupply of moifhire; 
the lower furface of the leaves being generally covered 
with a fiiort foft down, detains the nightly dew, and in¬ 
hales it. Thofe plants which have the upper furface of 
the leaves turned outward, do not (land in need of this fup¬ 
ply ; and accordingly, that furface being fmooth, the moif- 
ture is call off, and not imbibed. All the fpecies are pro¬ 
pagated by feeds, which, as they moflly come from very 
hot climates, nuifl be fovvn on a hot-bed in the fpring; and, 
when the plants are fit to remove, they muff be each plant¬ 
ed in a feparate pot, filled with light earth, and plunged 
into a moderate hot-bed, where they fhould be (haded till 
they have taken frefh root; after which they fhould have 
frefh air admitted to them every day, in proportion to the 
warmth of the feafon, and fhould be frequently watered. 
When the plants have filled the pots with their roots, they 
fhould be fh.fted into larger; and, if they are too tall to 
remain in the hot-bed, they mult be placed either in the 
flove or a glafs cafe, where they may be defended from 
cold, but in warm weather have plenty of air. With this 
management the plants will flower in July or Augitft, and 
perfect their feeds in October, but may be preferved 
through the winter in a ftove,where they will continue flow¬ 
ering a longtime. In warm fu miners they may be placed 
in-the open air towards the end of June, and will flower 
very well there; but they will not perfect their feeds un- 
lefs they are removed into the ftove in autumn. 
The feeds of caflia ft (tula may be eafily procured from 
the druggifts, who import the pods for life : thefe muff be 
fown on a hot-bed, and treated in the fame manner as be¬ 
fore directed, during the fir ft fummer; but in autumn imift 
be removed into the ftove, and plunged into the tan-bed : 
during the winter they fhould havevery little water; for as 
thefe trees grow naturally in dry fandy land, moifture is a 
great enemy to them, efpecially during that feafon. In the 
fummer. they fhould have a good (hare of air admitted to 
them in warm weather, but they will not thrive in the 
open air in this country at the warmeft time of the year, fo 
fhould conflantly remain in the ffove. The officinal fenna 
lnufl be treated in the fame manner with the other forts; 
but, being an annual plant, unjefs it is brought forward in 
CAS 
the fpring, it will not flower; it mult therefore be kept 
conflantly in the hot-bed all tfie fummer, admitting plenty 
of air to it in warm weather. It is very rare that it per¬ 
fects feeds in England. The Maryland caflia will live 
abroad in a warm border and dry foil. The feeds will 
come up in the full ground, if fown in April, and in au¬ 
tumn the plants may be removed into the borders where 
they are deflgned to remain. Some of themoft tender forts 
mult be plunged into the tan-bed, and be watered very 
fparingly in winter. See Canella and Laurus. 
CAS'SIA, f. A fweet (pice mentioned by Mofes, in 
Exodus xxx. 24. as an ingredient in the compofition of 
the holy oil, which was to be made ufe of in the confecra- 
tion of the facred veflels of the tabernacle.—AH thy gar¬ 
ments fmell of myrrh, aloes, and cajjia. PJ'alm xlv. 8. 
CAS'SIDA,/’. in botany. See Scutellaria. 
CAS'SIDA,y. in zoology, a genus of infeits belonging 
to the order of coleoptera. The feelers are like threads, 
but thicker on the outfide ; the elytra are marginated ; 
and the head is hid under the thorax ; from which laflcir- 
cumftance is derived the name of the genus. Foreign 
countries afford many fine fpecies of them. Thofe we 
meet with in thefe parts have fomething lingular. Their 
larva, by the help of the two prongs which are to be found 
at its hinder extremity, makes itfelf, vvitli its own excre¬ 
ments, a kind of umbrella, that fhelters it from the fun 
and rain. When this umbrella grows over-dry, it pans 
with it for a new one. Th s larva cafts its flough feveral 
times. Thirties and verticillated plants are inhabited by 
thefe infefls. There is one fpecies of which the remark¬ 
able chryfalis refembles an armorial efcutcheon. It is that 
which produces our variegated caflida, and is a very lin¬ 
gular one. Numbers of them are found on the fide of 
ponds, upon the wild elecampane. 
CASSIME'RE. See Kerseymif.r. 
CASSI'NE, /. in botany, a genus of the clafs penfan- 
dria, order trigynia, natural order durnofm. The generic 
characters are—Calyx : periantlmm quinquepartite, in¬ 
ferior, very fmall, obtule, permanent. Corolla : qnin— 
qnepartite, fpreading; ciivilions fubovate, obtufe, larger 
than the calyx. Stamina : filaments five, fubulate, fpread¬ 
ing ; anthers Ample. Piftillum : germ fuperior, conic ; 
flylenone; ftigmas three, reflex, obtufe. Perilnthium : 
berry roundifh, tNlocular, umbilicated with the ftigmas. 
Seeds: folitary, fubovate .—EJfential C/iaradler. Calyx: 
quinquepartite; petals five ; berry trifpermous. 
Species. 1. Caffine capenfis, cape caffine, or phillyrea : 
leaves petioled, ovate-oblong, retufe, crenate. This fpe¬ 
cies has a woody ftalk, which in this country feldom riles 
more than five or fix feet high, fendingout many brandies, 
covered with a dark purplifli bark. Leaves ftift', about 
an inch and a half long, and a little more in breadth, of a 
light green, on fhort foot-dalles. The flowers are' pro¬ 
duced in roundifh bunches from the fide, and at the end 
of the brandies; they are white, and have five fmall pe¬ 
tals fpreading open. The leaves vary in form, but this 
being gradual in the fame tree, (hews the variation ; the 
flowers are fometimes quadrifid and quinquefid. This 
flmibis a native of the Cape; and was cultivated in 1726, 
at Eltham, by James Sherard, M. D. 
2, Caffine Peragua : leaves petioled, ferrate, elliptic,, 
fomewhat acute; branchlets ancipital. It riles with two 
or three Items, which fend out many fide-branohes their 
whole length, and become bufliy ; they are feldom more 
than eight or nine feet high. Towards the upper part of 
the brandies, the flowers come out from the (Ides in round¬ 
ifh bunches ; they are white, and divided into five parts, 
almoft to the bottom. The leaves are extremely bitter; 
they continue green very late in autumn, if the feafon 
prove mild, and they come out early in the fpring. 1 lie- 
flowers appear in July. and Align ft. Native of Virginia 
and Carolina. 
3. Caffine barbara : leaves feffile, ferrate-toothed, cor¬ 
date, oblong; branchlets quadrangular. Native ol the 
Cape of Good Hope. 
4, CaffinO 
