CAS 
4, Cafline 'Maurocenia, or great Hottentot cherry : 
leaves fdlile, quite entire, obovate, coriaceous. At the 
Cape of Good Hope, where this flirub grows naturally, 
it rifts to a colifiderable height, but here it is rarely more 
than five or fix feet high. 1 he fialk is firong, woody, and 
covered with a purplitti bark, fending out many ftifF 
branches. Leaves very thick, for the mod part oppofite, 
about two inches long, andalmoft as broad, of a dark green 
colour. The flowers come out from the fide of the old 
branches in clutters, three, four, or five, together, on one 
common (fender peduncle. The fruit changes to a dark 
purple colour when ripe. Introduced in 1690, by Mr. 
Bentick. It flowers in July and Align If,' and the fruit 
ripens in winter. Linnaeus gives this fhrub the name of 
mauroccnia, in honour of the Venetian fenator Franc. Mo- 
rofini, who had a fine garden at Padua, a catalogue of 
which was publifhed by Ant.Tita. Miller has two other 
fpecies of Maurocenia. It was difcovered by Dr. Houf- 
toirat the Palifadoes in Jamaica. 
Propagation and Culture. The firft and fourth forts are 
too flender to live abroad in England; but, as they re¬ 
quire no artificial heat, they may be preferved through 
the winter in a good green-houfe, where they deferve n 
place for the beauty of their leaves. They may be propa¬ 
gated by laying down tliofe (hoots which are produced 
near the root ; but they are long in putting out roots. 
The (hoots flmuld be twitted in the part which is laid, to 
facilitate their putting our roots; if thefe are laid down 
in autumn, they will put out roots fufficient to remove in 
the following autumn ; they may alfo be propagated by 
cuttings, but this is a tedious method, as they are feldom 
rooted enough to tranfplant in lei’s than two years.. When 
this is pracf ifed.the young (hoots of the former year .ttiould 
be cut off, with a fmall piece of the old wood at the bot¬ 
tom, in the fpring, and planted in pots filled with loamy 
earth, and plunged into a moderate hot-bed, covering the 
pots with glaffes, which ttiould be clofe flopped down to 
exclude'the external air : they ttiould be pretty well wa¬ 
tered at the time they are planted, but afterward they will 
require but little wet ; the glaffes over them ttiould be 
covered every day with mats, to fereen the cuttings from 
the fun during the heat of the day, but in the morning, be¬ 
fore the fun is too warm, and in the afternoon, when the 
fun is low, they ttiould be uncovered, that the oblique 
rays of the fun may raife a gentle warmth under the 
glaffes. With this care, the cuttings will take root, but, 
where it is wanting, they feldom fucceed. When the cut¬ 
tings or layers are rooted, they ttiould be each planted in 
a feparate fmall pot, filled with foft loamy toil, and placed 
in the fliade till they have taken new root; then they may 
be removed to a fneltered (filiation, where they may re¬ 
main during the fummer feafon; and, before the frofts of 
tiie autumn come on, they mutt be removed into the green- 
houfe, and treated in the fame way as the other plants of 
that country, giving them but little, water in cold weather, 
and in mild weather admitting the free air. In Cummer 
they mutt be removed into the open air, and placed in a 
fheltered tttuatiqn with other exotic plants, and in very 
warm weather they mutt be watered three times a-week, 
but it mutt not be given them too, freely at any time. 
When the plants have obtained ttrength, the fourth fort 
will produce flowers and fruit, which in warm feafons 
■will ripen perfedfly; and if the feeds are (own (oon after 
they are ripe, in pots, and plunged into the tan-bed in the 
ttove, the plants will come up the fpring following, and 
may then be treated in the fame manner as tliofe which 
are propagated by cuttings and layers. The firft fort is not 
altogether fo hardy as the fourth, and mutt therefore have 
a warmer place in the green-houfe in winter, anyl ttiould 
not be placed abroad quite Co early in the fpring, nor (itf- 
-fered to remain abroad fo late in the autumn. As this 
does not produce feeds in England, it can only he propa¬ 
gated by layers and cuttings ; and, theft not taking root 
without difficulty, it is fcarce in Europe. 
The lecond fort is propagated by laying down the 
CAS 875 
brandies, which afford (hoots in plenty for that purpofe 
from the root, and lower part of the (lent, fo as to become 
very buttiy and thick, if they are not cutoff; there are 
numbers of thefe (limbs which produce flowers in England 
every year, but none of them ripen their feeds. The leaves 
are frequently pinched by the frott in March when they 
appear fo (oon. If loves a light foil, not too dry, and 
ttiould have a warm (filiation; for in expofed places the 
young (hoots are frequently killed in the winter, whereby 
the tttrubs are rendered unfightly; but where they are 
near the (belter of trees or walls, they are very rarely hurt. 
All the forts delight in a loft, gentle, loamy, foil, not 
over ttiff, fo as to detain the wet, nor ttiould the foil be 
too light, for in fuch they feldom thrive. They retain their 
leaves all the year, which being remarkably ttiff, and of a 
fine green, make a good appearance, efpecially the fourth 
fort, the fruit of which ripens in winter, and, when it is in 
plenty on the plants, affords an agreeable variety. See 
Ilex, Pri nos, and Viburnum. 
CASSPN 1 (John Dominic), ail eminent aftronomer, 
born of noble parents, in Piedmont in Italy, June 8, 1625. 
After laying a proper foundation in his ttudies, he was 
fent to a college of Jefuits at Genoa. He had an uncom r 
mon turn for Latin poetry, which he exercifed fo very 
early, that fome of his poems were publifhed when he was 
but eleven years old. At length, he met with books of 
attronomy, which he read with great eagernefs. Purfuing 
the bent of his inclinations in this way, he made fo amaz¬ 
ing a progrefs, that in 165a the fenate of Bologna invited 
him to be their public mathematical profeffor. Caflini 
was hut twenty-five years of age when he went to Bolog¬ 
na, and taught the mathematics. In 1652 a comet ap¬ 
peared, which lie obferved with nreat accuracy, and dif¬ 
covered that comets were not bodies accidentally gene¬ 
rated in iheatmofphere, as had been fuppofed, but of the 
fame nature, and probably governed by the fame laws, as 
the planets. The fame year he refolved an aftronomical 
problem, which Kepler and Bulliald had given up as in- 
lulvable, viz. to determine geometrically the apogee and 
eccentricity of a planet from its true and mean place. In 
1653, when a church in Bologna was repaired and en¬ 
larged, he obtained leave cf the fenate to 1 correct and fet¬ 
tle a meridian line, which had been drawn by an aftrono- 
mer in 1575. In 1637 he attended, as an afliftant, a noble¬ 
man, who was fent to Rome to compofe fome differences 
which had arifen between Bologna and Ferrara, from the 
inundations of the Po; and he (bowed fo much (kill and 
judgment in the management of the affair, that in 1663 
the pope’s brother appointed him infpe£tor-general of the 
fortifications of the cattle of Urbino : and he had after¬ 
wards committed to him the care of all the rivers in the 
ecclefiaftical (late. Meanwhile lie did not n eg left his a(- 
tronomical ttudies. He made feveral difeoveries relating 
tb the planets Mars and Venus, particularly the revolu¬ 
tion of Mars upon his own axis. But the point he had 
chiefly in view was to fettle an accurate theory of Jupi¬ 
ter’s fatellites, which, after much labour and obfervation, 
lie effected, and publifhed it at Romd, among other aftro- 
nomical pieces, in 1666. 
Picard, the French aftronomer, getting Caffini’s tables 
of Jupiter’s fatellites, found them fo very exaCt, that 
he conceived the higheft opinion of his (kill ; and from 
that time his fame inereafed fo faft in France, that, the go¬ 
vernment defired to have him a member of tlie academy. 
Caflini, however, could not quit histtation without leave 
of his fuperiors; and therefore Lewis XI V. requetted of 
the pope and the fenate of Bologna, that Caflini might be 
permitted to go to France. Leave was granted for fix 
years, and he went to Paris in 1669, where he was made 
the king’s attronomer. When tlie (ix years were expired, 
the pope and the fenate of Bologna infilled upon his re¬ 
turn, on pain of forfeiting his revenues and emoluments, 
which had hitherto been remitted to him: but the minifier 
Colbert prevailed on him to flay, and he was naturalized 
in 167,3, the fame year alfo in which he was married. The 
Royal: 
