CAS 
or the Paris meridian ; to unite the triangles of the chart 
of France with the points taken in Germany; to prepare 
the means of extending into this country the fame plan as 
in France, and thus to eftablilh i'ucce(lively for all Europe 
a molt ufeful uniformity. With this view he propofed 
joining the points taken upon the Englilh coaft, with thofe 
which had been determined on the court of France, and 
thus to connect the general chart of the latter with that of 
tiie Britilh ities, as he had before united it with thofe of 
Flanders and Germany. The propolal was favourably re¬ 
ceived by the Englilh government, and prefcntly carried 
into eft eft, under the direction of the Royal Society, the 
execution being committed to the late general Roy ; after 
vvhofe death the bufmefs fell under the an (pices ot the 
duke of Richmond, and the execution was committed to 
the care of colonel Edward Williams, and captain Wm. 
Mudge, both re/peftable engineers; and Mr. KaacDalby, 
who had before, accompanied and aftilied general Roy. 
M. Cadini publiftied in the volumes of Memoirs of the 
French Academy a prodigious number of pieces, between 
the years 1735 and 1770; confiding of altronomical obser¬ 
vations and quertions; among which are, Refearches con¬ 
cerning the Parallax of the Sun, the Moon, Mars, and Ve¬ 
nus ; on Aftronomical Refractions, and the Etfeft caufed 
in their Quantity and Laws by the Weather; numerous Ob- 
fervations on the Obliquity of the Ecliptic, and on the Law 
of its Variations. He cultivated aftronomy for fifty years; 
and died of the fmall-pox, the 4th of September, 1784, in 
the feventy-firft year of his age; being fucceeded in the 
academy, and as direftor of the obfervatory, by his only 
lbn count John Dominic Caftini; the fourth in order, by 
direft defeent, in that honourable ftation. 
CASSl'NO,/. a genteel and fafliinable game on the 
cards, generally played by four people, but occalionally by 
three or two ; the points conlift of eleven, and the lurch is 
fix. The points are thus calculated: That party which 
obtains the great caflir.o, or ten of diamonds, reckons two 
points ; ditto little caiiino, the deuce of fpades, one ; the 
four aces, one point each, four ; the majority in fpades, 
one ; the (weep, or Lift trick, one ; the other points are 
feared according to the majority of cards. At titis game 
it may fo happen, that neither party wins any thing, as the 
points are not letup according to the tricks, &rc. obtained, 
but the fmaller number is conftantly fubtrafted from the 
larger, botii in tricks and points, and, if both prove equal, 
the game begins again, and the deal goes on in rotation. 
Laws. The deal and partners are determined-by cut¬ 
ting, as at whift, and the dealer gives four cards to every 
player, and lays, in any manner he likes, four more, face 
upwards, on the board ; and after the firrt cards are played, 
four others are to be dealt to each perfon, till the pack is 
concluded. The deal is not loft when a card is faced by 
the dealer, unlefs in the firrt round, before any of the four 
cards are turned up on the table ; and, if a card happens to 
be faced in the pack before any of the faid four are turned 
up, then the deal mu ft be begun again. Any perfon play¬ 
ing with lets than-four cards nuift abide by thelofs; and, 
lliould a card be found under the table, the player whole 
number is deficient is to take the fame. Each perfon plays 
one card at a time, with which lie may not only take every 
card of the fame denomination on the table, but likewife 
all that will combine therewith; as for inftance,a ten takes 
_viot only every ten, but alfo nine and ace, eight and deuce, 
feven and three, fix and four, or two fives. The number of 
tricks are not to be counted before all the cards are played, 
nor may any trick, but that Lift won, be looked at. The 
player who gets the laft trick fweeps all the cards on t he table. 
Rules. The principal objefts are, to remember how 
many tens, aces, and deuces, have been played, and to clear 
the hand of court cards, which are only of fervice in pair¬ 
ing or in gaining the (weep, and, when no court cards are 
left, it is bed to play fmall ones, as thereby combinations 
ure often prevented. In making pairs, a preference (liould 
.always be given to fpades, as obtaining a majority of them 
may five tire game. When three aces are out, fake the 
Vol. HI. No. 168. 
CAS 877 
fit'll opportunity to play the fourth, as it then can neither 
pair nor combine ; but when there is another ace remain¬ 
ing, it is better even to play the little Callino than to.rilkr 
the ace that may be paired by the opponent, and make a 
difference of two points. But when any player holds an 
ace, and has reafon to imagine the antagonift has neither 
ace nor nine, then it is advifeable to play that ace. When 
the deuces are out, an eight is an eligible lead ; and when 
the trays, a (even, as they cannot then be combined. At¬ 
tend to the advei Ltries’fcore, and, if poflible, prevent them 
from laving their lurch. At the commencement of a 
game, combine all tiie cards poflible,for that is more diffi¬ 
cult than pairing; but, when combinations cannot be 
made, do not omit to pair, and alfo carefully avoid lofing 
opportunities of making tricks. 
CAS'SIOBERRY BUSH,/”. See Viburnum. 
CASSIODO'RUS (Marcus Aurelius), fecretary of (late 
to Theodoric, king of the Goths, was born at Squillace, in 
the kingdom of Naples, about the year 470. He was con- 
lul in 514, audvvas in great credit under the reignsof Atha- 
laric and Vitiges ; but at feventy years of age lie retired 
into a monaftery in Calabria, where he formed a valuable 
library, and coinpofed feveral works, the bed edition of 
which is that of father Garet, printed at Rouen in 1679. 
"I hofe 1110ft efteeined are his Divine Inftitutions, and his 
Treatifeon the Soul. He died about tiie year 362. 
CASSFOPE, in fabuloushiftory, the wife of Ceplieus, 
king of Ethiopia, by whom (lie had Andromeda. She 
boafted herf’elf to be fairer than tiie Nereides ; upon which 
Neptune, at the requeft of thefe defpiled nymphs, pu- 
nifhed the infolence of Calliope, and fent a huge fea mon- 
fter to ravage /Ethiopia. The wrath of Neptune could 
be appealed only by expofing her daughter Andromeda to 
tiie fury of a fea monfter ; and, juft as (lie was going to be 
devoured, Pet-feus delivered her. Calliope was afterwards 
placed as-a confteiiation in the heavens. 
CASSIOPE'A, one of tiie forty-eight old conftella- 
tions, placed near Ceplieus, not far from the north pole. 
The Greeks probably received titis figure, as they did the 
reft, from tiie Egyptians, and in their fables added it to 
the family in this part of the heavens. In 1572 there burft 
our, ali at once, in titis confteiiation, a new ftar, which at 
firrt lurpafled Jupiter in magnitude and brightnefs; but it 
diminiftied by degrees, till it quite difappeared at the end 
of eighteen months. This ftar alarmed all the aftronomers 
of that age, many of whom wrote dilfertations upon it; 
among the reft, Tycho Brahe, Kepler, Maurolycus, Ly- 
cetus, Gramineus, and others. Beza, the landgrave of 
He ID, Rofa, and others, wrote to prove it a comet, and tiie 
fame that appeared to the magi at the birth of Ch rift, and 
that it came to declare his fecond coming: thefe were an- 
fwered by Tycho. Tiie liars in titis confteiiation are in 
Ptolemy’s catalogue thirteen, in Hevelius’s thirty-levcn, 
in Tycho’s forty-fix, and in Flamftead’s fifty-five. 
CASSIR' ASEITE, a town of Africa, in the kingdom 
of Tunis : thirty miles fouth-eaft of Tunis. 
CAS'SIS, a town of France, in the department of the 
Rhone, and chief place of a canton, in the diftrift of Mar- 
feillesj on the coaft of the Mediterranean, with a fmall 
port: eight miles fouth-eaft of Marfeilles. 
CAS'SIS, f. in antiquity, a plated or metalline helmet, 
dilferent from the galea, which was of leather. 
C ASSLTE'R'I A, /'. A genus of cryftals, the figures of 
which are influenced by an admixtin/ of tin. They are 
of two kinds; the whitifh pellucicrcaftiterion, and the 
brown caftiterion. The firft is a bright and pellucid 
cry Hal, leldom fubjeft to blemi(lies,ofa regular form, and 
in tiie figure of a quadrilateral pyramid. The bfiown caf- 
fiterion is 1 ke the former in figure, and of a very fmoorh 
and gioffy furf.ee. Both found in DevoiilliireandCornwall. 
CASSITE'RIDES, in the ancient geography, a cluf- 
ter of illands to the weft of tiie Land’s End, oppofne 
to Celtib.eria, famous for their tin. The appellation is 
from co[Jitcros , the name for tin in Greek. Now thought 
to be the Scillv Illands, or Soilings. Camden. 
10 o cassltha. 
