878 
CAS 
CASSI'THA, f. in botany. See CusCuta. 
C AS'SIUS (Spurius), a renowned Roman genera! and 
conful, whofe enemies accufing him of afpiring to royalty, 
he was thrown down from theTarpeian Rock, 485 years 
before Chrift, after having thrice enjoyed the confular 
dignity, been once general of thehorfe under thefirft dicta¬ 
tor that was created at Rome, and twice received the ho¬ 
nour of a triumph. 
CAS'SIUS (Longinus), a celebrated Roman lawyer, 
flonrifhed 113 years before Chrift. He was fo inflexible a 
judge, that his tribunal was called the rock of the impeached. 
It is from the judicial feverity of this Cailius, that very fe- 
vere judges have been called CaJJiani. 
CAS'SIUS (Cains), one of the murderers of Julius 
fxfar. When the provinces were divided, Caftius received 
Africa; and when his party had loft ground at Rome, by the 
fuperior influence of Auguftus and 1 Marc Antony, he re¬ 
tired to Philippi, with his friend Brutus and their adherents. 
In the battle that was fought, the wing which Cailius com¬ 
manded was defeated, and his camp was plundered. In this 
unfuccefsful moment he fuddeniy gave up all hopes of reco¬ 
vering from his lofs, and concluded that Bratus was con¬ 
quered and ruined, as well as himfelf. Fearful to fall into 
the enemy’s hands, he ordered one of his freed-men to run 
him through, and he perifhed by that very fword which 
had given the wound to Ctefar. His body was honoured 
with a magnificent funeral, by his friend Brutus, who de¬ 
clared over him that he deferved to be called the la ft of 
the Romans-. If he was brave, he was equally learned. 
Some of his letters are full extant among Cicero’s Epiftles. 
He was a drift follower of the doftrine of Epicurus. He 
was often too raflt and too violent, and many of the wrong 
Heps which Brutus took are to be aferibed to the prevail¬ 
ing advice of Cailius. He is allowed by Paterculus to 
have been a better commander than Brutus, though a lefs 
fincere friend. The day afier Crefar’s murder, he dined 
at the houfe of Antony, who afked him whether he had 
then a dagger concealed in his boforn ? Yes, replied he, 
if you afpire to tyranny. See Rome. 
CAS'SOCR, f. [ cajaque , Fr. probably a wide coat; 
cafacca, It. of cafa, Lat. a houfe, q. d\ a long veftment, to 
be worn in cafa, within doors, or of cafula, Lat.] A fort 
of robe or garment, now commonly worn by clergymen 
under their gowns. 
CASSONA'DE, f. in commerce, cafk-fugar, or fugar 
put info calks or c hefts, after the fir ft purification, but 
which has not been refined. It is-fold either in powder or 
in lumps; the whiteft, and that of which the lumps are 
largeft, is the beft. 
CASSO'PO, a town of the ifiand of Corfu: eight miles 
north of Corfu. 
CASSO'VA (plain of), a trad! of country in European 
Turkey, which feparates Rafcia from Bulgaria, celebrated 
by the victories of the two firft Arnurafhs. 
CASSO'VIA, or Caschau,, a free and royal town of 
Hungary, the feat of a tribunal; the univerfity was fup- 
prelfed in 1782. It has a good arfenal: 100 miles- fouth 
of Cracow and 124 north-weft of Claulenburg. 
CAS'SOWARY, f. in ornithology. See Struthio. 
CASSUMMUNIAR', f. [of uncertain derivation, per¬ 
haps Indian.] A ftomachic root, brought from the Eaft- 
Indies. The root is tuberous, an inch or more thick, 
marked on the furfaee with circles or joints, like the 
kaempferia or galanyjje ; a fpecies of which it is fuppofed 
to be. It is brown on the outfide, and of a dulky yellow 
within. We have, however, no certain account of the 
plant from which this root, is taken : it is brought over in 
irregular flices. It was firft introduced by Marloe as a 
medicine, of uncommon efficacy in nervous difeafes; at 
prefent it is ufed as a ftomachic, but its ufe is not fo gene¬ 
ral as iffeems to deferve. 11 is warm and aromatic, (lightly 
bitter, in lrnell refembling ginger, or zedoary, from which 
it differs in being milder. Spirit of wine extradls all its 
viitue completely ; and, if the tindhire is evaporated, it 
all remains in the extrail. 
C ASSU'TH A and Cassuta, /, SecCuscuTA. 
CAS 
C ASSU'VIUIVr, f . in botany. See Anacardium. 
CASSY'TA, J. in botany; a genus of the clafs enne. 
andria, order monogynia. The generic charadters are— 
Calyx : perianthium triphyllous, very fmall, permanent; 
leaflets femi-ovate, acute, concave, eredl. Corolla : pe¬ 
tals three, roundilh, acute, concave, permanent ; nedtary 
of three glands, oblong, truncate, coloured, length of the 
germ, (landing round it. Stamina : filaments nine, erect, 
compreffed ; two globular glands feated on the (ides of the' 
bale of the three interior filaments; antherae adjoined to 
the filaments below the tip. Pill ilium : germ ovate, 
within the corolla and calyx; ftyle thiekifh, length of the 
ftamens ; ftigma obfcurely trifid, obtufe. Perianthiumr 
receptacle growing out into a depreffed-globular drupe, 
crowned with the converging calyx and corolla, perforated 
with a navel. Seed: nut globular, acuminate with the 
converging ftamens— Effential Character. Corolla: ca-ly- 
cine, fexpartite; nedlary of three truncate glands, fur- 
rounding the receptacle : interior filaments glanduliferous; 
drupe monofpermous. 
Species. 1. Calfvta filiformis: filiform, lax. This plant' 
grows naturally in both Indies. It rifes with taper, fuc- 
culent, (talks, which divide into many (lender, fucculenf, 
branches ; thefe come out frequently by threes or fours at. 
the fame joint, afterwards they fend out fide-branches fiti- 
gly, without order, and become very bufhy : tlie flowers- 
come out on the fide of the branches fingly, fitting very 
clofe thereto, having no calyx; the corolla is oval, white, 
with a fmall tindhire of red, opening like a navel at the 
top, including the germ, (lamina, ltyle, and nsbtareous 
glands, foclofely, as not to be difeovered till the corolla is 
cut open. This parafitical plant is generally faid to be 
abfolutely leaflefs* and Jacquin affirms, that he has always 
found it to be fo. The author of the Hortus Malabaricus, 
however, fays, that on the green tender twigs there are a. 
few very fmall leaves, coming out feveral together. The 
twining thread-like (terns put out many warts, like the feet 
of caterpillars, by which they adhere to the leaves and 
(terns of flirubs fo ftrongly, as not to be feparated without- 
tearing them; and, when they have fixed themfelves to 
thefe, they no longer draw any nourifhment from the foil. 
The fpikes of flowers are lateral,, very loofe, thick, alter¬ 
nate at different diftances. The flowers are very fmall, 
and have no (cent. The fruit is pellucid, white, (hini.ngy 
fweet to the tafte, the fize of a pen; ar.d contains: a black 
(tone, with a yellow kernel in it. Jacquin found- it in the 
[(land of Tierra Bomba, near Carthagena. It alfo occurs 
in the Society and Friendly lllands. 
The Eaft Indian plant may poflibly be a different fpcv 
cies. Gasrtner is of opinion that it is, and names it cafyta. 
zelanica. He fays, that the belly of the calyx does not co¬ 
ver the whole nut, and that it has at the edge fix pale, ob¬ 
tufe, concave, diftant, Rales, like fo many toothlets, three 
of them (liorter, and a little without the others, but all 
converging. Stamens only fix, in a (ingle row within the 
fcales, three (horter, corresponding with the larger (bales, 
and Tubulate ; the other three placed within the fmaller 
(bales, longer, and having a globular gland on each fide 
r.ear the bafe, as in the other. The nut is globular, pro¬ 
duced at top, with a. (hort ftyle, and three ftigmas ; it is* 
of a dark chefnut colour,Smooth,one-belled,and valvelefs^ 
2. Calfyta corniculata: branch.es woody, fpinous, a 
foot long, the thicknefs of a finger. Found on'the moun¬ 
tains of the ifiand of Celebes, among rotten trunks of trees. 
Juffieu doubts whether this be of the fame genus with the 
foregoing, finceit differs fomuch from it in the (pines and 
difpofition of the parts. 
Propagation and. Culture. This plant is eafily propagated 
by planting cuttings of it during the Cummer months; but,, 
as thefe cuttings are fucculent, it will be proper to cut 
them off a-week before they are planted, laying them in 
the (love, that the part cut may have time to heal over be¬ 
fore they are planted. Thefe cuttings (hould be planted 
in fmall pots, which mu ft be plunged into a moderate hot¬ 
bed, where, if they are not over-watered, they will take- 
root in fix weeks; then they may be parted, planting each 
intoi 
