88S CAS 
of Kilkenny, fituated near extenfive coal-mines; which 
hot only fupply the neighbourhood, but are font to a great 
diflance on account of the.r excellence : ten miles north 
of Kilkenny. 
CAS'TLED, adj. Furniflied with caftles : 
The horfes’ neighing by the wind is blown, 
And cajilcd elephants o’erlook the town. Dryden. 
C ASTLEDER'MOT, a town of Ireland, in the county 
of Kildare : feven miles louth-eaft of Athy. 
C ASTLEDU R'ROW, a town of Ireland, belonging to 
tlic county of Kilkenny, but infulated with about two or 
three thoufand acres of land in Queen’s county : fourteen 
miles north-north-wed of Kilkenny. . 
CAS'TLEFORD, or Castleforth, a village, the 
remains of an ancient town in York (hire, and the mother 
church of Pontefiadt, fituated near the conflux of the 
Are and Cald'er. Here are many curious remains of its 
■antiquity ; and Roman coins are dill frequently dug up. 
It Hands upon the Roman way leading from Doncafter to 
Aberfortli; and is fliled by Hovedon a city. The Catder 
was made navigable from hence to Wakefield in 1698. 
CASTLEH A'VEN, a /mail town of Ireland, with a- 
caftle, fituated in a bay to which it gives name, on the 
fouth coaft of the county of Cork, where w'as a fea-fight 
between tiie Englifh and Spaniards, in 1602 : nineteen 
miles fouth-weft of Bandonbridge. 
CASTLELE'OD WATER, f This mineral water, 
is.found at a village in Rofsfliire, from whence it takes its 
name, in Scotland; and fifties from a ftrong Tulphureous 
fpring, which has been in great repute for many years. 
Dr. Monro, from an analyfis .lie made of thefe waters, 
fays, that a gallon contains about fifty-nine grains of (olid 
matter, viz. of abforbent earth ingrains; of felenites 26J 
grains; of faline matter 30-5- grains; the great eft part ot 
which is true-Glauber’s fait, mixed with a pittance of ful- 
phur, and probably with a very fmall portion of marine 
bettern. This water is (aid very fenfibly to in create the 
urine; and fometimes remarkably opens the pores. It 
whets the appetite, and fits lightly on the ftomach. Dr. 
Mackenzie has directed people wfith various complaints 
to drink them, and obferves that fome very foul faces have 
been cleared by their life; the herpes removed, the ery- 
fipelas received benefit, foul ulcers cured, &c. Dr. Monro 
aliens, that many of thofe cutaneous diforders called fcor. 
iutic, have been removed by their means, and that they 
cure the itch. As this water contains but a fmall portion 
of purging fait, and does not operate by ftool, fome purg¬ 
ing fait may be occaficnally added to the firft glafs that is 
taken in the morning ; and if equal parts of this and fea- 
water be mixed, they will form a purging, fulphureous, 
water, fimilar to that of Harrow'gate. See Monro, vol.ii. 
Medical and Pharmaceutical chemiftry, &c. 
CASTLELI'ONS, a town of Ireland, in the county of 
Cork : (ixteen miles north-north-eaft of Cork. 
CASTLEMAR'TYR, a town of Ireland, in the county 
of Cork : twenty miles eaft of Cork. 
CASTLEPOL'LARD, a town of Ireland, in the 
county of Weftmeath: ten miles north of Mullingar. 
CASTLERI'SING, a fmall town in Norfolk, and for¬ 
merly a confiderable fea-port ; but, the harbour being 
choaked up with fand, it is' in a manner deferted, having 
loft its trade, and being diminifiled in population. It is an 
ancient borough by prefeription, diftant 97 miles from 
London. In the neighbourhood of the town is a large 
chafe, with th6 privilege of a foreft. It was diftinguifhed 
from, and claims the (uperiority over, all other towns in 
the hundred (Free Bridge Lynn), by a famous, caftle, 
which, accordingto Camden, vied with that of Norwich. 
The duke of'Noifolk has the title of lord Howard of Caf- 
tlerifing- That the fea had formerly its courfe quite up to 
the town, appears from its being drowned in winter; from 
the fait water frequently, at fprng-tides, overflowing' the 
banks between this town and Babingly; and from the 
name of a lane that comes up from the low ground, 
qalled Havengate-lane, in which, fome years ago, part of 
C A S 
an anchor was dug-up. The burgeffes have a grant of & 
fair, or free mart, 'from the feaft of St. Matthew, during 
fifteen days, and two markets in the week, Mondays and 
Thurfdays ; all of which are now difcoirtinued. The 
mayor of this ancient burgh is always called over before * 
the mayors of any other borough in the county, at- tiie 
reading of the king’s commillion of the peace before tlie 
judges of aflize, which is a ftrong proof of its fupericr an¬ 
tiquity. The cadle hands uporTa hill on tlie fouth fide of 
the town, from whence is a fine prufpect over botli lea 
and land; great part of the walls of the keep or inward 
tower, are (till Handing, behind a Gotlric pile, much re- 
fembling that of Norwich ; the walls arc three yards thick, 
chiefly confifting of free ftone, with iron or car ftoqe', 
encompaflcd with a moat or circular ditch. No doubt 
the apartuumts were grand and funiptuous when queen 
Ifabel refided here,and when Edward III. with his queen 
and court, were lodged and entei tained-here. It feems to 
have been,’ by its fituation, a place of great ftrength afid 
confequence, though now in ruins. The town is alfo re¬ 
markable for an hofpital,"built by Henry Howard, earl of 
Northampton, in the lixth year of the reign.of James I. 
It (lands near the eaft end of the church-yard, i.- a fquare 
building, containing twelve apartments for twelve poor 
women, and one principal room for the governed;, with a 
fpacious hall and kitchen, and a chapel on the eaft lide 
for divine fervice. This hofpital is endowed with iool. 
per ann. iHuing out of lands lying in Rifing, Royden, 
South and North Wootton, and Gay wood. If the eat 1 of 
Arundel, or his next heir, does not appoint a new gover- 
nefs, or poor woman, within frxty days after a certificate 
fent him of a death or removal, then the mayor of Lynn is 
to do it. There are many marks of Roman, Saxon, and 
Danifti, antiquities, in and about the town. 
CAS'TLETON, a town of United America, in the Hate . 
of Vermont : forty-two miles north of Bennington. 
CAS'TLETOWN, or Castlerushin, a town of the 
Itle-of Man, near the fouth coaft. The refidence of the 
governor and moll of the officers. Here the chancery 
court is kept the firft Thurfday of every month, and tire? 
head court, or gaol delivery, twice a-year. Its beautiful 
caftle, built of freeftone, Hill entire, and ("aid to bear a 
great refemblance to that of Elfineur, is aferibed to Gut- 
tred king of Mann, about the year 960, who is buried 
in it. At the entrance is a great Hone chair, for the gover¬ 
nor, and two lefs for the deemfters. Here they try all 
cattles, except ecclefiaftical. Beyond the firft little court 
is a room where the keys fit. A fmall tower, formerly a 
Hate prifon, now a cellar, ntoated round with a drain, ad¬ 
joins to the caftle. On the other fide is the governor’s 
hottfe, the chancery offices, and good barracks. Lat. 54.4. 
N. Ion. 4. 40.W. Greenwich. 
C AS'TLE-W A R D, f. [caftlegardum, vcl wardum cajiri. ] 
An impofition laid upon fucli perfons as dwelled within 
a certain compafs of any caftle, towards the maintenance 
of (itch as watch and ward the caftle. Magna Charta , cap. 
15, 20. 32 Hen.VIII. c. 4S. It is fometimes u(ed for the 
circuit itfelf, which is inhabited by thofe that are fubjetft 
to this fervj.ee. Caftle-guard rents were paid by perfons 
dwelling within the liberty of any caftle, for the maintain¬ 
ing of watch and ward within the fame. By Hat. 22 and 
23 Car. II. c. 24, thefe and other rents in the duchv of Lan- 
cafter, payable to the king, were velted in truftees, to be 
fold. 
CAST'LING, f. An abortive.—We ftiould rather rely 
upon the urine of a cajt/ing’s bladder, a refolution of crabs’ 
eyes, or a fecond diftillation of urine, as Helmont hath 
commended. Brown. 
CAS'TOR, or Caistor, a fmall town in Lincolnfhire, 
with a weekly market on Saturdays-. It has three fairs in 
the year; on the eve of Palm Sunday, on the eve of 
Whit-Sunday, and on the firft Saturday after the 10th of 
Oftober. This town is well wat red by four fine fpring-s, 
all id li ing from the Grey-ftone-rocks. The fpa is about 
200 yards to the north of the town, where the water fifties 
out 
