CAS 
fed fpirit, proof fpirit, ami water, by the !velp of a little 
heat, extracts the whole virtue of the cartor. Redtjfied 
fpirit takes tip the lei's ungrateful parts, and water the 
more naufeous. Proof fpirit aits equally, though with 
lome difficulty, on both ; the fp. amnion, cotnpofitus is 
an excellent menftruum for it, and in many cafes improves 
its virtues. 
CASTOR, / A moiety of the conflellation Gemini ; 
called alio Apollo. AKo a ftar in this conflellation, whofe 
latitude, for the year 1700, according to Hevelius, was 
io° 4' 20" north; and its longitude 25 16 0 4' 14". See 
Gemini. 
CAS' FOR and POL'LUX,/, in fabulous hirtory, were 
twin brothers, Tons of Jupiter, by Leda, the wife of Tyn- 
darus, king of Sparta. The manner of their birth is un¬ 
common. Jupiter, who was enamoured of Leda, changed 
liimfelf into a fwan, and defired Venus to metamorphofe 
herfelf into an eagle. After this transformation the god- 
defs purified the god with apparent ferocity, and Jupiter 
fled for refuge into the arms of Leda, who was bathing in 
the Eurotas. Jupiter took advantage of his fituation, and 
nine mouthsafter, Leda, who was already pregnant, brought 
forth two eggs, from one of which came Pollux and Helena, 
and from the other, Caltor arid Clytemneftra. The two for¬ 
mer were the offspring of Jupiter, and the latter were be¬ 
lieved to be the children of Tyndarus. Some fuppofe that 
Leda brought forth only one egg, from which Caltor and 
Pollux fprling. Mercury, immediately after their birth, 
carried them to Pallena, where they were educated ; and, 
as foon as they had arrived to years of maturity, they em¬ 
barked with Jafon to go in quell of the golden fleece. In 
this expedition both behaved with fuperior courage : Pol¬ 
lux conquered and flew Amycus, in the combat of the cef- 
tus, and was ever after reckoned the god and patron of box¬ 
ing and wrefiling. Carter diftinguiflied liimfelf in the ma¬ 
nagement of borfes. The brothers cleared the Hellelpont, 
and the neighbouring leas, from pirates, after their return 
from Colchis, from which circumltance they have been 
deemed the patrons of navigation. During the Argonautic 
expedition, in a violent ftorm, two flames of fire were feen 
to play around the heads of the fons of Leda, and immedi¬ 
ately the tempeft ceafed, and the fea was calmed. From 
this occurrence their power to protect failors has been 
more firmly credited, and the two mentioned fires, or me¬ 
teors, which are very common in forms, have iince been 
fancifully dirtinguifhed by the names of Cartor and Pollux : 
when they both appeared, it was a fign of fair weather; 
but, if only one was feen, it prognofiicated forms, and the 
aid of Cartor and Pollux was confequently folicited. They 
made war againll the Athenians to recover their filler 
Helen, whom Thefeus had carried away ; and, from tlieii 
clemency to the conquered, they acquired the furname of 
Anaces, or benefactors. They were initiated in the facred 
myrteries of the Cabiri, and in thofe of Ceres of Eleufis. 
They were invited to a feafl when Lynceus and Idas were 
going to celebrate their marriage with Phoebe and Talaira, 
the daughters of Leucippus, who was brother to Tyndarus. 
Their behaviour after this invitation was cruel. They 
became enamoured of the two women w hole nuptials they 
were to celebrate, and refolved to carry them away and 
marry them. This violent ftep provoked Lynceus and 
Idas a battle enfued, and Cartor killed Lynceus, and was 
kitted by Idas. Pollux revenged the death of his brother, 
by killing Idas ; and as he was immortal, and tenderly at¬ 
tached to his brother, lie entreated Jupiter, to reftore him 
to life, or to deprive him liimfelf of immortality. Jupiter 
permitted Caflor to rtiare the immortality of his brother ; 
and confequently, as long as the one was upon earth, fo 
Jong was the other detained in the infernal regions, and 
they alternately lived and died every day ; or, according 
to others, every fix months. This ait of fraternal love 
Jupiter rewarded by making the two brothers conftellations 
in heaven, under the name of Gemini, which never appear 
together, but when one rifes the other fets, and To on al¬ 
ternately. Cartor made Talaira mother of Anogon, and 
CAS 
Phoebe had Mncfileus by Pollux. They received divine 
honours' after death, and were generally called Diofcuri, 
fons of Jupiter. White lambs were more particularly of¬ 
fered on their altars, and the ancients were fond of (wear¬ 
ing by the divinity of the Diofcuri, 'by the expreflions of 
Aidepol and -T.caftor. Among the Romans there pre¬ 
vailed many public reports, at different times, that Caflor 
and Pollux had made their appearance to tire Roman ar¬ 
mies ; and, mounted on white rteeds, had marched at the 
head of their troops, and furioufly attacked the enemy. 
Their furnames were many, and they were generally re« 
prefented mounted on two white horfes, armed withfpears, 
and riding fide by fide, w ith t'heir beads covered with a 
bonnet, on whofe fop glittered a ftar. 
CASTO'REA,/. in botany. See Duranta. 
CASTO'RIA, a lake of European Turkey, in the pro¬ 
vince of Macedonia, with a town of the fame name ; thir¬ 
ty miles weft of Edella. 
CASTO'RIA, a river of European Turkey, which 
empties itfelf into a lake to which it gives name, in Mace¬ 
donia, and afterwards the name is changed to Vijlritza. 
CASTRAMETA'TION, f. [from c'ajtramctor, Lat.3 
The art or practice of encamping. 
To CASTRATE, v. a. [cajlro , Lat.] To geld ; to re¬ 
pudiate ; to take away the obfeene parts of a writing. 
CASTRATION, / Theafl of gelding.—The largefl 
needle fnculd be ufed, in taking up the fpermatic velfels 
in caflration. Sharp. —Caftration is much iu ufe among the 
Turks, who pradife it on their flaves, to prevent any com¬ 
merce with their women. The Turks often make a ge¬ 
neral amputation. It alfo obtains in Italy, wdiere it is 
ufed with a view to preferve the voice for finging. See 
Eunuch. The Perfians,«nd other Eartern nations, have 
methods of making eunuchs, different from thofe w hich 
obtain in Europe: for it is not always done either by cut¬ 
ting, or by collifion. Cicuta, and other poifonous herbs, 
do the fame office, as is (hewn by Paulus /Egineta. Thofe 
who are eunuchifed in this manner, are called thlibice.. Be- 
fides which there is another fort named thlafiee, in whom 
the genitals are left entire, and only the veins which fliould 
feed them are cut; by which means the parts do indeed 
remain, but fo lax and weak, as to be of no avail. Caf¬ 
tration was for fome time the punifhment of adultery. By 
the laws of the Vifigoths, fodomites underwent the fame 
punifhment. By the civil law, it is made penal in phy- 
ficians and fnrgeons to caftrate, even with confent of the 
party, who is liimfelf included in the fame penalty, and 
his effefls forfeited. The offence of Mayhem by caftra-. 
tion is, according to all our old writers, felony ; though 
committed upon the bigheft provocation. See arecord to 
this purpofe, of Henry III. tranfcribed by Sir Edward 
Coke, 3 Infl. 62. or Blackjlone's Coni. vol. iv, p. 206. Caf¬ 
tration is however fometimes found neceflary on medicinal 
confiderations, as in mortifications, and difeafesof the tef- 
ticles, efpecially the farcocele and varicocele. Some have 
alfo preferibed it in maniac cafes. For particulars of the 
operation, fee Supgeuy. Caftration is alfo in fome fort 
capable of being performed on women. Athenaeus men¬ 
tions that king Andramytes was thefirft who cafirated wo¬ 
men. Ilefychius and Suidas fay, Gyges did the fame 
thing. Galen oblerves, women cannot be caftrated with¬ 
out the rifque of life. In refpeft of brutes, caftration is 
called Gelding and Spaying, which fee. I11 botany, 
this term is applied to that peculiar fructification of plants, 
whofe (lamina have no antherie, as in fome fpecies of ge¬ 
ranium ; whence they are called flowers with cafirated 
flame ns. 
CASTRE'DE d’AL'VA, a town of Portugal, in the 
province ofTra los Montes, on the Duero : four leagues 
fouth-eaft of Efpadacinta. 
CAS'TREL. See Kestrel. 
CASTREN'SI AN, adj. \_caflrenfls, Lat.] Belonging to 
a camp. 
CAS'TRES, a city of France, and capital of the de¬ 
partment of the Tarn, fituated on the Agotit; before the 
revolution,' 
