S CAS 
revolution, the Tee of a bilhop, fuffragan of Alby. In the 
reign of Louis XIII. the inhabitants were chieHy protef- 
tants, and formed a kind of republic ; but fince that time 
the walls have been deftroyed, and the town laid open. It 
is a place of good trade, and contains about roo,ooo in¬ 
habitants. Turquoife flones have been found in the neigh¬ 
bourhood : thirty-four miles eaft of Toulonfe, and twenty 
fouth of Alby. 
CAS'TRES, a town or France, in the department of 
the Gironde, and chief place of a canton, in the diftridt of 
Cadillac : ten miles fouth-eaft of Bourdeaux. 
CASTREZZ A'TO, a town of Italy, in the Breffan : 
eleven miles weft of Brelcia. 
CAS'TRI, a town of European Turkey, in Livadia, 
built on the lite of the ancient Delphos, but little remains 
of its former fplendour. It contains about 200 houfes, 
and the inhabitants are miferably poor: fourteen miles 
north-weft of Livadia. 
CASTRI'ES, a town of France, in the department of 
Herault, and chief place of a canton, in the diftridt of 
Montpellier: two leagues north-eaftof Montpellier. 
CAS'TRO (Pietro de), a celebrated painter, who flou- 
riflted about the middle of the feventeenth century. The 
fubjedts which this great artift chofe to paint, were what 
are diftinguifhed by the name of (till life : vafes, (hells, 
xruifical inftruments, gems, veffels of gold, filver, and 
cryftal, books, rich bracelets, &c. I11 thefe fubjedts his 
choice and dilpofition were elegant, and his execution ad¬ 
mirable. 
CAS'TRO, a town of Spain, in Aragon : ten miles 
taorth-eaft: of Balbaftro. 
CAS'TRO, a town of South America, in the ifland of 
Chiloe, near the coaft of Chili, in the South Pacific Ocean. 
CAS'TRO, anciently called Mytilene , a fea-port town 
of the ifland of Metelin, and the capital, lituated on the 
north-eaft coaft, facing the Gulf of Adramiti, with two 
harbours, one of which is capable of receiving large vef- 
fels : there are conliderable vefliges remaining of its for¬ 
mer grandeur and magnificence.. There are two cattles, 
one ancient, the other modern, each furnifhed with a 
Turkifh garrifon and commander. There are many Greeks, 
and fome Armenians;' the former have four churches and 
a metropolitan : the chief trade is fhip-building: thirty 
miles fouth-weft of Adramiti. Lat. 39. 14. N. Ion, 44. 
15. E. Ferro. 
CAS'TRO, a duchy of Italy, in the date of the church, 
bounded on the north by the Orvietan, on the eaft by the 
Patrimonio, on the fouth by the fea, and on the weft by 
the Siennefe ; twenty-five miles long, and from eight to' 
thirteen wide. The duchy of Caftro, with the county of 
Ronciglione, was conferred by pope Paul III. on his na¬ 
tural fon Peter Aloyfius Farnefe, who afterwards became 
duke of Parma: it was mortgaged by one.of his fuccef- 
fors to the Monte di Pieta at Rome ; and, neither prin¬ 
cipal or interelt having ever been paid, it was again 
united to the papal dominions. The town of Caftro, from 
which it takes its name, was defiroyed by pope Innocent 
X. becaufe the inhabitants had murdered a bifhop whom 
he had fent. 
CAS'TRO, a town of Italy, in the kingdom of Naples, 
and country of Otranto, the fee of a bifliop, fuffragan of 
Otranto ; this town has frequently been plundered by the 
cm fairs : four miles-fouth-fouth-weft of Otranto. 
CAS' 1 RO de CAL'DULAS, a town of Spain, in the 
province of Galicia : nine leagues north-eaft of Orenfe. 
CAS'TRO DAY'RO, a town of Portugal, in the pro¬ 
vince of Beira : five leagues fouth-fouth-weft of Lamego. 
CAS'TRO GIOVANTJI, a town of Sicily, in the val¬ 
ley of Noto : fixty-three miles fouth-weft of Melazzo. 
CAS'TRO de GO'ES, a town of Portugal, in the pro¬ 
vince of Beira : three leagues north-weft of Vifeu. 
CA-S'TRO MA'RIM, a fortified town of Portugal, on 
the Guadiuna : four leagues eaft-north-eaft of Tavira. 
CAS'TRO. NO'VA, a town of Sicily, in the valley of 
Muzzara, containing about 4000 inhabitants : twenty 
miles jfouth-eaft of Palermo. 
CAS 
CAS'TRO NUO'VO, a town of Venetian Dalmatia* 
built by a king of Bofnia, defended tovVards the fea by inac- 
celfible rocks, and towards the land by a citadel and caftle. 
CAS'TRO de REY, a town of Spain, in the province 
of Galicia : five leagues fouth of Mondonedo. 
CAS'TRO del RI'O, a town of Spain, in the pro¬ 
vince of Cordova : five leagues from Cordova. 
CAS'TRO TRION'TO, a town of Italy, in the king¬ 
dom of Naples, and province of Calabria Citra : eleven 
miles eaft of Roffano. 
CAS'TRO VER'DE, a town of Spain, in Galicia : five 
leagues eaft-north-eaft of Mondonedo. 
CAS'TRO VER'DE, a town of Portugal, in the pro¬ 
vince of ALentejo : one league and a half north-eaft of 
Ourique. 
CAS'TRO VICEN'TE, a town of Portugal, in the 
province of Tra los Montes: fix leagues eaft of Mirandela. 
CAS'TRO VILLA'RA, a town of Italy, in the king¬ 
dom of Naples, and province of Calabria Citra : fix miles 
weft of Calfano. 
CAS'TRO VIRREY'NA, a jurifdidtion of South Ame¬ 
rica, in the country of Peru, and bilhopric of Guamanga: 
the country is fituated near the Andes, is fertile, and feeds 
a great number of Peruvian flteep, whofe wool forms the 
principal article of its commerce : it has a town of the 
fame name. 
C AS'TROP, a town of Germany, in the circle of Weft- 
phalia, and county of Mark, which contains one church 
tor Roman Catholics, and two for Proteftants of the dif¬ 
ferent perfuafions: twenty-feven miles fouth-fouth-weft 
of Munfter. 
CAS'TROPOL, a town of Spain, in the province of 
Afturia, on the borders of Galicia: fourteen miles north- 
eaft of Mondonedo. 
CASTROREA'LE, a town of Sicily, in the valley of 
Demona, containing about 8000 inhabitants: fifteen miles 
weft of Medina. 
CASTROS A'ROS, a town of European Turkey, in the 
province of Romania : forty-four miles-weft of Gallipoli. 
CASTRUC'CIO (Caftracani), a famous Italian gene¬ 
ral, born at Lucca in Tufcany, in 1284, and was taken up 
one morning accidentally in a vineyard, where he had been 
laid in a balket, and covered with leaves. Pie was found 
by Dianora, a widow lady, and lifter of Antonio, a canon 
of St. Michael in Lucca, who was defcended from the il- 
luftrious family of the Caftracani. Antonio being a pried, 
and Dianora having no children, they determined to bring 
bint up, chriftened him Caftruccio, by the name of their 
father, and educated him as their own. Antonio defigned 
him for a pried, and accordingly trained him to letters ; 
but Caftruccio was fcarcely fourteen years old, when he 
began to negledt his books, and to devote himfelf to mili¬ 
tary fports, to wreftling, running, and other violent exer- 
cifes, which bed fuited his great ftrength of body. At 
that time the two great factions, the Guelfs and Ghibilins, 
(hared all Italy between them, divided the popes and the 
emperors, and engaged in their different interefts, not only 
the members of the fame town, but even the members of 
the fame family. Francifco, a confiderable man on the 
fide of the Ghibilins, obferving the uncommon fpirit and 
qualities of Caftruccio, prevailed with Antonio to let him 
turn foldier. This was entirely fuitable to the tafte of 
Caftruccio, who prefently became accomplifhed in every 
thing which could adorn the military profeftion. He was 
eighteen years old, when the faction of the Guelfs drove 
the Ghibilins out ot Pavia, and was then made a lieute¬ 
nant of a company of foot by Francifco Guinigi, of whom 
the prince ot Milan had folicited fuccours. The firft 
campaign he made, lie gave Inch proofs of his courage 
and condudt, that his fame was fpread all over Lombardy ; 
and Guinigi conceived inch an opinion of him, and had 
fo much confidence in his integrity, that, dying foon 
after, lie committed the care of his fon and the manage¬ 
ment of his eftate to him. ,So great a truft made Caf- 
fruccio more confiderable than before. He ftill went on. 
to 
