s 93 
CAS 
fo diftinguifh himfelf by military exploits, till at laft it 
raifed fo much envy in his chief commander, that he was 
imprifoned by ftratagem, with a view of being put to death. 
But the people of Lucca foon releafed him from prifon ; 
and, in a fhort time after, chofe him their fovereign prince. 
There were not then, either in Lombardy or Tufcany, any 
of the Ghibilins, who did not look upon Caffruccio as the 
true head of their faction. Thofe who were banifhed upon 
that account, fled to him for protection, and promifed 
tmanimoufly, that, if lie could reflore them to their eftates, 
they would ferve him fo effectually, that the fovereignty 
of their country fhould be his reward. Flattered by thefe 
promifes, and encouraged by the flrength of his forces, he 
entertained a defign of making himfelf mafter of Tufcany ; 
and, to give more reputation to his affairs, he entered into 
a league with the prince of Milan. He kept his army 
under ftriCt difcipline, and employed it as fuited belt with 
Jiis own defigns. For the fervices he rendered the pope, 
he w r as made a fenator of Rome. While Caffruccio was 
in that capital, news was brought which obliged him to 
return in ail hafte to Lucca. The Florentines were mak¬ 
ing war upon him, and had done him lome damage ; and 
confpiracies were forming againff him, as an ufurper, at 
Pifa and in feveral places. But Caffruccio fought his 
way through them all; and the fupreme authority of Tuf¬ 
cany was juft falling into his hands, when fortune, jealous 
of his glory, put a period to his progrefs and to his life. 
An army of 30,000 foot and to,000 horfe appeared againff 
him in May, 1328. He deftroyed 22,000 of them, with 
the lofs of not quite s6oo of his own men. He was re¬ 
turning from the field of battle, but happened to bait for 
the purpofe of thanking and carefling his foldiers as they 
paffed : and, while hot and covered with fweat, a north 
wind blew upon him, which affeCted him fo, that he fell 
into a fit of ague, and died in a few days, in his 44th year. 
Machiavel, who has written the life of Caffruccio, fays, 
that he was not only an extraordinary man in his own age,' 
but would have been fo in any other. He was of a noble 
afpect, and of the moft winning addrefs. He had all the 
qualities that make a man great; was grateful to his friends, 
juft to his lubjeCts, terrible to his enemies. No man was 
more forward to encounter dangers ; no one more careful 
to efcape them. He had an uncommon prefenee of mind, 
and often made repartees with great fmartnefs. Some of 
them are recorded, which difcover a lingular turn of hu¬ 
mour : Palling through a ftreet where there was a houfe of 
ill fame, he met a young man juft coming out, who, upon 
feeing him, was all over confulion : “ Friend, you fhould 
not be afhamed when you come cut, but when you go in.” 
One alking a favour of him with a thoufand fuperfiuous 
words: “ Hark ye, friend; when you would have any 
thing with me for the future, fend another man toalk it.” 
Another, having tired him with a tedious difcourfe, ex- 
cufed himfelf by faying, he was afraid he had been trou- 
blefome. “ No, indeed (replied lie), for I did not mind 
one word you faid.” He was forced to put a citizen of 
Lucca to death, who had formerly been a great inftrument 
of his advancement; and, being reproached for having 
dealt fo feverely with an old friend, replied, “No, you 
are miffaken, it was with a new foe/’ One of his courtiers 
made a ball, and invited him to it. Caff ruccio entertained 
himfelf among the ladies, danced, and did other things 
which did not feem to comport with the dignity of his 
rank. One of his friends intimating that fuch freedoms 
might dinffnilh the reverence that ought to be paid him : 
“ I thank you for your caution ; but he who is reckoned 
wife all the day, will never be thought a fool at night.” 
CAS'TRUM DOLO'RIS, f. in middle-aged writers, 
denotes a catafalco, or tomb of ftate, erefted in honour of 
fome perfon of eminence, ufually in tire church where his 
body is interred, and decorated with arms, emblems, tro¬ 
phies', &c. 
C AS'TRUP, a town of Germany, in the circle of Weft- 
phalia, and bifhopric of Munlier: five miles fouth-fouth- 
caft of Clopenburg. 
Vox.. III. No. 169. 
CAS 
•CASTS, f See Casting. 
CA'SU CONSI'MILf, f. in law, a writ of entry grant¬ 
ed where tenant by the curtefy, or tenant for life, aliens 
in fee or in tail, or for another ’s life ; and is brought by 
liini in reverfion againff the party to whom fuch tenant fo 
aliens to his prejudice, and in the tenant’s life-time. It 
takes its name from this, that the clerks of the Chancery 
did, by their.common affent, frame it to the likenefs of 
the writ called in cafu provifo, according to the authority 
given them by the Stat. Wcjlm. 2. cap. 24, which ftatute, 
as often as there happens a new cafe in Chancery fomething 
like a former, yet not fpecially fitted by any writ, antho- 
rifes them to frame a new form anfwerablc to the new 
cafe. 7 Rep. 4, Fitz. Nat. By. 206. 3 Comm. 51. 
CA'SU PROVTSO, f. in law, a writ of entry, given 
by the ftatute of Glocefter, cap. 7, where a tenant in dower 
aliens in fee, or for life, See. and it lies for him in reverfion 
againff the alienee. This writ, and the writ of cafu con - 
fimili, fuppofes the tenant to have aliened in fee, though 
it be for life only : and a cafu provifo may be without 
making any title in it, where a leafe is made by the de¬ 
mandant himfelf to the tenant that doth alien ; but if am 
anceftor leafe for life, and the tenant alien in fee, &c. the 
heir in reverfion muff have tiffs with the title included 
therein. Fitz. N. B. 204, &c. 
CA'SUAL, adj. [ cafuel , Fr. from cafus, Lat.] Acci¬ 
dental ; arifing from chance; depending upon chance; 
not certain.—That which feemeth moft cafual and fubjedt 
to fortune, is yet difpoled by the ordinance of God. Raleigh. 
CA'SUAL EJEC'TOR,_/i in actions of ejedlment, at 
common law, was originally the perfon who next entered 
upon the freehold, after a leafe of ejedlment had been 
fealed upon the lands by him who had right of entry. The 
cafual ejedtor is now lome feigned perfon. See Eject¬ 
ment. 
CA'SUALLY, adv. Accidentally; without defign, or 
fet purpofe.—Wool, new ffiorn, laid cafually upon a veffel 
of verjuice, had drunk up the verjuice, though the veffel 
was without any flaw. Bacon. 
CA'SUALNESS, f. Accidentalnefs. 
CA'SUALTY, J. Accident; a thing happening by 
chance, not defign.—That Odtavius Caelar fhould fliift his 
camp that night that it happened to be took by the enemy, 
was a mere cafnalty ; yet it preferved a perfon, who lived 
to eftablifh a total alteration of government in the imperial 
city of the world. South. —Chance that produces unnatural 
death.—It is obferved in particular nations, that, within 
the fpace of two or three hundred years, notwithffanding 
all cafualties, the number of men doubles. Burnet. 
CASUARFNA, f. In botany, a genus of the clafs mo- 
noecia, order monandria, natural order coniferae. The 
generic characters are—Males in a filiform ament. Ca¬ 
lyx : common ament loofely imbricate, confifting of fmall 
one-flowered one-leafed feales. Corolla: fcales two-part¬ 
ed ovate minute. Stamina : filament capillary, longer 
than the calyx ; anther twin. Females on the fame plant. 
Calyx : ament ovate-cylindric ; with ovate, acute, keeled, 
imbricate, fcales. Corolla : none. Piffillum : germ mi¬ 
nute ; ftyle filiform, longer than the calyx, bifid ; ftigmas 
two. Pericarpium : ftrobile of bivalve fcales gaping per¬ 
pendicularly. Seeds : folitary, conic, with a membrana¬ 
ceous edge.— EJfential CharaBcr. Male. Calyx of the 
ament ; corolla fcalelets two-parted. Female. Calyx of 
the ament; corolla none ; ffyle bifid. 
Species. 1. Cafuarina equiletifolia, or horfe-tail cafua- 
riua : monoecous ; whorls of the ftamens approximating. 
A very large, fpreading, and lofty, tree. The leaves, if 
they may be fo called, or rather branchlets, hanging dow» 
in bunches from twelve to eighteen inches in length, like 
a long head of hair, or a horfe’s tail, all jointed from top 
to bottom, like the equifetums or horfe-tails, is a very re¬ 
markable character of this Angular tree. It is a native of 
the Eaft Indies and the South Sea Ifiands ; was introduced 
in 1766 by admiral Byron; and flowers in October and 
November, 
19 S 
2. Cafuanaa 
