CAT 
and fait, and formerly of gold and fiver. On the coaft 
is a coral-filhery. Provifions of every kind are excellent. 
The climate is mild in the plains, the cold is fupportable 
on the mountains, and the air is pure. In fine, Catalonia 
is one of the belt cultivated and moft populous provinces 
of Spain: it has ufually been divided into fifteen vigueries, 
or jurifdiclions, namely, Tortofa, Mount Blanc, Tarrago¬ 
na, Villa Franca de Panades, Barcelona, Gerona, which 
includes that of Ampurdan, all which lie along the fea- 
coaft; Campredon, Puiccrda, with the county cf Cer- 
dagne, both which lie near the Pyrennean mountains; Ba- 
laguer, Lerida, Agramont, Tarrega, Cervera, Manrefa, 
nnd Vique. The principal towns are Barcelona, Tortola, 
Tarragona, Gerona, and Villa Franca de Panades. The 
principal rivers are the Segre, the Llobregat, the Cervera, 
and the Ebro, which runs through a final! part of it. Ca¬ 
talonia was the laft province in Spain which fubmitted to 
Philip in the fucceflion war. It had been for ages potent 
in flipping, and courageous in the field; and, in queen 
Anne’s wars, readily joined the army of the allies. On 
this fubjeff, Anderlon, in his Hiftory of Commerce, has 
the following remark: “The brave Catalans, by Great 
Britain’s feparate peace, after a moll obftinate Aruggle for 
their liberties, againll the united power of France and 
Spain, were neceilitated to fubmit to the terms of the con¬ 
querors; abandoned by queen Anne’s miniftry, contrary, 
to the moll folemn engagements and repeated alfurances.” 
Barcelona was then, and kill remains, the capital. 
CATALOT'ICA, f. [from xalaXoa.u, Gr. to grind 
down.] Medicines to loften and make l'mooth the rough 
edges and crull of cicatrices. 
CATAL'PA, f. in botany. See Bignonia. 
CATALY'SIS, f [from y.T\a.Xvoi, Gr. to refolve.] A 
pally or refolution happening immediately before death; 
that dilfolution of all the principles of life, which conlti- 
tutes and caufes death. 
CATAMARAN', f. A fmall boat which fwims very 
low in the water.—The fmacks, being towed by our fhip* 
as near as pofiible to the enemy, were then to be towed by 
a perfon in a fmall boat, called a catamaran, which lie 
■was to paddle, the catamaran being very low in the 
water. Times. 
CATAME'NIA, f. [from xa,u, according to, and f/.r,y, 
Gr. a month.] The menfes, or monthly purgation of wo¬ 
men. See Menses. 
CAT'AMITE, f. A term ufed for a boy, kept chiefly 
in Italy, for the abominable gratification of unnatural luft. 
CATAMY'SIS, [ [from yxla^vu, Gr. to fnap the eye¬ 
lids.] The a£l of winking or flapping the eye-lids, as is 
done in anger. 
CATA'NA, or Catina, in ancient geography, a 
town of Sicily, fituated oppofite to flEtna, on the fouth- 
eall; one of the five Roman colonies; anciently built by 
the people of Naxus, feven years after the building of Sy- 
racufe, 72S years before Chrift. It was the country of 
Charandas, the famous lawgiver. Now called Catanea. 
CATANAN'CHE, f. [from Kara, and avxyxr,, Gr. 
violence: being once fooliflily fuppofed to give a violent 
impulfe to love.] Candia Lion’s-foot; in botany, a 
genus of the clafs fyngenefia, order polygamia sequalis, 
natural order of compound flowers, divilion femi-flofcu- 
lofse. The generic characters are—Calyx: common im¬ 
bricate, turbinate; leaflets very many, loofely incumbent, 
acute, fcariofe; the fquamule ovate-acuminate, concave, 
lax, glofl’y, permanent. Corolla: compound generally 
imbricate, uniform; coroliets hermaphrodite, very many; 
the exterior ones longer; proper monopetalous, ligulate, 
linear, truncate, five-toothed. Stamina: filaments five, 
capillary, very fhort; anthers cylindric, tubular. Pillillum : 
germ, oblong; fhyle filiform, length of the flamens; fligma 
bifid reflex. Pericarpium : none; calyx unchanged. Seeds 
folitary, turbinate-ovate; down from a five-awned caly- 
cle. Receptable: chaffy .—Ejfential CharaEler. Receptable 
chaffy; calyx imbricate; down awned from a flve-briflled 
calycle. 
Vox.. III. No. 170. 
CAT 89? 
Species, 1. Catananclie ccerulea: the lower fcales of 
the calyx ovate. The firfl fort fends out many long, nar¬ 
row, hairy, leaves, which are jagged on their edges like 
thole of buckfhorn plantain, but the leaves are broader, 
the jags deeper, and at greater diflances; thefe lie fiat on 
the ground, turning their points upwards, which are very 
narrow. Between the leaves come out the flower-ltalks, 
which are in number proportionable to the fixe of the 
plant; for, from an old thriving root, there is frequently 
eight or ten, and young plants do not fend out more than 
two or three. Thefe ftalks rife near two feet high, divid¬ 
ing into many fmall branches upward, with leaves like 
thofe below but fmaller, and have few or no jags on their 
edges: each of the peduncles is terminated with a fingle 
head of flowers, having a dry, filvery, lcaly, calyx, in 
which are included three or four florets, whofe petals are 
broad, flat, and indented at their ends; thefe are of a fine 
blue colour, having a dark fpot at bottom in each of the 
flamens, and, with their yellow fummits ftanding a little 
above the petal, make a pretty appearance. There is a 
variety of this with double flowers, which is not very 
common in the Englifh gardens. It is perennial. The 
leaves are hoary and brittle. Native of the fouth of Eu¬ 
rope; cultivated, as appears from Parkinfon, in 164.0; 
and flowers from July to Oftober. 
2. Catananche lutea: the lower fcales of the calyx lan¬ 
ceolate. The fecond fort has broader leaves than the 
firfl, fmoother, and lefs jagged on their edges ; from each 
root arife two or three Aalks, which grow a foot and a 
half high, fending out two or three flender peduncles, each 
fultaining a fingle head of yellow flowers, inclofed in a dry 
lcaly calyx, of a darker colour than thofe of the firfl: as 
thele flowers are fmall, they make but little appearance. 
The leaves are green, flexile, and three-nerved : the later 
flowers are feflile at the root, hardly unfolded, but more 
fertile. It is annual. Native of the ifle of Candia; cul¬ 
tivated in the botanic garden at Chell’ea, in 1714; flowers 
in June and July. 
3. Catananche grasca: leaves gafhed. Grows naturally 
in the fouth of France, in Spain, Italy, and Candia, from 
whence it had the title of Candia lion’s-foot. 
Propagation and Culture. The firfl of thefe plants is 
perennial, and may be propagated by heads taken off the 
mother-plant, either in lpring or autumn; but thofe 
plants which are raifed from feeds are much ffronger than 
thofe from flips. Thefe plants are commonly planted in 
pots filled with light fandy foil, in order to lhelter them 
in the winter from fevere frofts; but if they are planted 
in warm borders, near walls, pales, or hedges, in a mo¬ 
derately dry foil, they will endure abroad very well. It 
begins flowering in May, and continues till Auguft or 
September, (efpecially if the fummer is not too dry;) is a. 
pretty ornament to a garden, and is eafily kept within 
bounds. This may alio be propagated by feeds, which 
fliould be fown in a border of good light earth in March ; 
and in May, when the plants are come up, they may be 
either tranfplanted into pots or borders, where they are to 
remain for flowering. Thefe plants fliould remain unre- 
moved when, they are planted in the full ground, which 
will caufe them to flower better, and they will produce 
more feeds. The feeds ripen in Augufl. The fecond fort 
is an annual plant, and therefore only propagated by feeds, 
which ripen very well in this country. The time for low¬ 
ing them is early in March, in beds or borders of light 
earth, where they are to remain, which will come up in a 
month or five weeks time, and require no other care but 
to keep them clean from weeds, and thin the plants where 
they are too clofe. Thefe flower in June, and perfeft 
their feeds in Augufl or September; but, as they have 
little beauty, they are not often kept in gardens. 
CATANDUA'NES, a province of the ifland of Lugon. 
CATA'NEA, a city of Sicily, feated on a gulf of the 
fame name, near the foot of Mount Etna. It was founded 
by the Chalcidians foon after the fettlement of Syracufe, 
and enjoyed great tranquillity till Hiero I. expelled the 
•i« T whole 
