CAT 
verfal or general.] The doCInne of Chrift is called talho- 
•lic, becaufe it extends throughout the world, and is not 
limited by time. Certain truths are faid to be catholic, 
becaufe they are received by all the faithful. Catholic or 
canonical epiftles are feven in number : that of St. James, 
two 6f St. Peter, three of St. John, and that of St. Jude. 
They are called catholic becaufe they are directed to all the 
faithful, and not to any particular church; and canonical, 
becaufe they contain excellent rules of faith and morality. 
Calmet. —Doubtlefs the fuccefs of your great and catholic 
endeavours will promote the empire of man over nature, 
and bring plen'ifulacceffion of glory to your nation. Glanv. 
CA'THOLIC CHURCH, f. The rife of heretics in¬ 
duced the primitive Chriltian church to afTutne to itfelf 
the appellation of catholic, being a charaCteriftic to difiin- 
guifh itfell from all private or particular (ects. The Ro- 
milh church, affuming this claim, diftinguillies itfelf by 
the name of catholic , in oppofition to all thofe who have 
feparated from her communion in the Eucharift, and whom 
the conliders as heretics and fchifmatics, and herfelf only 
as the true andChrillian church. In the firiCt fenfe of the 
word, there is no catholic church in being, that is, no tmi- 
verfal Chriftian communion; to the want of which, fome 
ph.lofophers have attributed the wide and boundlefs ltridc 
of Mahometanifm. 
CA'THOLIC KING, a title which has been long he¬ 
reditary to the king of Spain. Mariana pretends, that 
Reccarede firft received this title after he had deflroyed 
Arianifm in his kingdom, and that it is found in the coun¬ 
cil of Toledo of the year 589. Vafce aferibes the origin 
of it to Alphonfus in the yeary^i. Some allege, that it 
has been ufedonly fince the time of Ferdinand and Ifabella. 
Colombierre (ays, it was given them on occalion of the ex- 
pulfionof the Moors. The Bollandifls pretend that it had 
been borne by their predecelfors, the Vifigoth kings of 
Spain; and that Alexander VI. only renewed it to Ferdi¬ 
nand and Ifabella. Others fay, that Philip de Valois firft 
bore the title ; which was given him after his death by the 
•eccleliaftics, on account of his favouring their interefts. 
In fome epiftles of the ancient popes, the title catholic is 
given to the kings of France and of Jerufalem, as well as to 
feveral patriarchs and primates. 
CATHO'LICA, a town of Italy, in the province of 
Romagna. It took its name from the circumftance of fonte 
bilhopsretiring thither from a council held at Rimini, 
which inclined to favour Arianifm : nine miles fouth- 
fouth-eaft of Rimini. 
C ATHO'LICISMjy. Adherence to the catholic church. 
CATHO'LICON, f. [from xstra, through, and o\ov, 
the whole; fometimes alfo termed diacatho/icon, oruniver- 
fal purge.] A general or univerfal medicine. It was an 
eleCtuary which formerly Nicolaus preferibed, as fuited 
to carry off all kinds of bad humours ; whence it became a 
figurative term for an univerfal antidote or remedy.—Pre- 
fervation againft (in is the contemplation of the laft judg¬ 
ment. This is, indeed, a catholicon againft all; but we find 
it particularly applied by St. Paul to judging and defpifing 
our brethren. Government of the Tongue. 
CATHYP'NIA,/. [from and deep.] A 
profound but unhealthy fleep. 
CA'TI-MA'RUS, f. in botany. See ICleinhovia. 
CATI A'NG, /. in botany. See Dolichos. 
CA'TIAS,/. [from ir^i, Gr. to place in.] An 
incifion-knife, formerly ufed for opening an abfeefs in the 
uterus, and for extracting a dead foetus. 
CATIEH', a town of Egypt, near the coaft of the Me¬ 
diterranean : 105 miles north-eaft of Ca ro, and eighty 
N. N.E. Suez. Lat. 30. 54. N. Ion. 51.9. E. Ferro. 
CA'TIF (El), a town of Arabia, fituated near the Per- 
fian Gulf, on a river which is navigable for veffels of con- 
fiderable (ize taking advantage of the tide, about 20 miles 
from the ifland of Bahhrein. The inhabitants earn their 
fubfiftence by the pearl-fifhery. When they are too poor 
to fifh at their own rifk and expence, they hire their labour 
*0 ftranger-adventurers, who reforl hither in the hotter 
VOL, III. No. 171. 
CAT 913 
months of the year, the feafon forfifhing. The air of this 
Country is, however, believed to be very unhealthy in the 
fummer. The ruins of an old Portuguefe fortrefs are Itill 
to be feen near this place: 132 miles fouth of Baffora, 
and 420 fouth of Ifpahan. Lat. 26. 20. N. Ion. 65.50. 
•E. Ferro, 
C ATIL'LUS, orCATiLus, a fon of Amphiaraus, who 
came to Italy with his brothers Coras and Tiburtus,where 
he built Tibur, and affifted Turnus againft Aineas. Virgil . 
CATINAT' (Nicholas), born at Paris in September, 
1 637, began hiscareerat the bar, but loft a caufe that had 
juliicc on its fide, and renounced the pvofellion for that of 
arms. In 1667, in the prefence of Louis XIV. at the at¬ 
tack on tire counterfcarpe of Lifie, he performed an action 
fo honourable both to his judgment and his courage, that 
it procured him a lieutenancy in the regiment of guards. 
Gradually riling to the firft dignities in the army, he ligna- 
lized himfeif at Maeftricht, at Befanpon, atSenef, at Cam- 
bray, at Valenciennes, at St. Omer’s, at Ghent, and at 
Ypres. The great Conde fet a proper value on his merit, 
and wrote to him, after the battle of Senef, where Cati- 
nat had been wounded : “ No one takesa greater intereft in 
your wound than I do; there are fo few men like you, that 
in lofing you our lofs would be too great.” Having at¬ 
tained to the rank of lieutenant-general, in x688, he beat 
the duke of Savoy at Staffarde, and at the Marfaille, made 
himfeif mafterof all Savoy and a part of Piedmont; and, 
marching from Italy to Flanders, befieged and took the 
fortrefsof Ath, in 1697. He had been marechalof France 
from 1693, and the king, reading the lift of the marechals 
in his cabinet, exclaimed, on coming to his name, Here 
valour has met with its deferts! The war breaking out 
again in 1701, he was put at the head of the French army 
in Italy againft prince Eugene, who commanded that of the 
emperor. The court, at the commencement of this war, 
was undecided on the choice of the generals, andhefitated 
between Carinat, Vendome, and Villeroi. This circum¬ 
ftance was talked of in the emperor’s council. “ If Ville¬ 
roi has the command, faid Eugene, I (hall beat him; if 
Vendome be appointed, we lliall iiave a ftout ftruggle ; if 
it be Catinat, 1 fhall be beaten.” The bad ftate° of the 
army, the w'ant of money for its fublifience, the little har¬ 
mony there w as between him and the duke of Savoy, whofe 
fincerity he fufpeCted, prevented him from fulfilling the 
prediction of Pi ince Eugene. He was w ounded in th°e af¬ 
fair of Chiaii,and forced to retreat behind the Oglio. This 
was the fotirce of his fubfequent miftakes and misfortunes. 
Catinat, notwithftanding his victories and his negotiations. 
Was obliged to ferve under Villeroi, and the laft difciple of 
Turenne and Conde was not no longer allowed to aCt, but 
as fecond in command. He bore this injufttce like a man 
fuperior to fortune. “ I ftrive to forget my misfortunes,” 
he fays, in a letter to one of his friends, “that my mind 
may be more at eafe in executing the orders of the mare- 
chal Villeroi.” In 1705 the king named him to be a che¬ 
valier ; but he refilled the honour intended him. His fa¬ 
mily teftifying their difpleafure at this procedure, “ Well, 
then,” laid lie to his relations, “ ftrike me out of your ge¬ 
nealogy!” He increafed as little as poffible the crowd of 
courtiers. Louis XIV. once afking him why he was never 
feen at Marli, and whether it was fome bufinefs that pre¬ 
vented his coming? “ None at all,” returned the mare- 
chal; “ but the court is very numerous, and I keep away 
in order to let others have room to pay their court to you.” 
He died at his eftate at St. Gratian, Feb. 25, 1712, at the 
age of 74, with the fame fedatenefs of mind that had ac¬ 
companied him through life. Numberlefs anecdotes are 
related of him, which (hew that his calmnefs of temper 
never forfook him. After an ineffectual attack at the un¬ 
fortunate affair of Chiari, rallying his troops, an officer 
faid to him, “ Whither would you have us go? to death ?” 
“ It is true,” replied Catinat, “ death is before us, but 
Ihanie is behind.” 
CA'TIUS (M.) an epicurean philofopher of Infubria* 
who wrote a treatife, in lour books, on the nature of thiri°s 
toZ and 
