201 
BOOK-KEEPING. 
Subsidiary Books ufed by Merchants. 
Though all merchant-accounts may be kept by the 
Wajh-Bcok, Journal , and Leger, alone ; yet men of great 
bulinels find it convenient, either for abridging thefe, or 
for other ends, to ufe fame others, generally called Subfi- 
diary or Subfetvunl Books ; the molt common of which are 
the nine following, viz. 
i. Cajh-book. r l his book is kept in a folio form, like the 
leger, and ferves to abridge the ca(h-account there. On 
the left-hand page, or Dr. fide, Cajh is charged Dr. tor 
all the funis received ; and on the right-hand page, Cajk 
is made Cr. for all the funis paid. Once a month this 
book is polled to the leger; or, if you pleafe, firft to the 
journal, by two entries, viz. Cajh Dr. to Sundries for all 
the receipts, and Sundries Drs. to Cajh for all the pay¬ 
ments. By this means the ca.fh-account in the leger will 
be fo far contradled as to confilf of twelve lines, viz. one 
for each month in the year. In the preceding fpecimen it 
is to be obferved, that three different modes of keeping 
the calh-account have been adopted. In the fil'd month 
every article of cadi has been entered in the wade-book, 
and from thence feparately polled to the journal and leger. 
In the fecond, adiftindl calh-book (No. I.) has been kept; 
but, at the end of the month, one journal entry has been 
made for the whole of the articles on each fide, in which 
all the particulars have been narrated, and by means of 
which they have been carried to the refpeclive accounts in 
the leger. In the third month the leger has been poked 
immediately from the cafh-book (No. II.) and the entries 
at the end of the month ferve to debit and credit the 
calh-account in the leger, with the fum total on each fide, 
without narrating the articles, or even the names of the ac¬ 
counts to which they belong. This lad is the mode ufuaily 
adopted, particularly where the calh articles are numerous. 
2. Book of Charges of Merchandize, This book is only 
paged, and defigned to abbreviate the cafh-book. It con¬ 
tains particular charges on goods and voyages ; fuch as 
carriage, cuflom, freight, cranage, wharfage, See. as alfo 
other expences that affedt trade in general ; fuch as ware- 
houfe-rent, ihop-rent, accountant’s wages, poftage of let¬ 
ters, and the like. 
3. Book of Houfe-expences. This book is alfo paged, and 
defigned likewife to eafe the cafh-book. It contains all 
difburfements for family provilions, fervants’ wages, houfe- 
rent, apparel, utenfils, Sec. The money-columns of this 
book and of the foregoing, are alfo added up at the end of 
each month, and the fum transferred to the credit-fide of 
the cafh-book by regular journal entries. 
4. Invoice-book. This book, which is ufed chiefly by 
faitors, is paged, and contains doubles or copies of the 
invoices of goods fent to fea, or of goods received from 
abroad. 
5. Sales-book, This book too is chiefly ufed by factors ; 
and into it are polled, from the wafte-book, the particular 
fales of every configned cargo ; by which means the feve- 
ral articles of a fale, that lie fcattered in the wade-book, 
are brought together, and reprefented under one view, 
and that in a manner more full and minute than they are 
collebled in the leger-account. 
6. Bill-book. This book is divided into Receivable and 
Payable ; under the former is underflood fuch bills as are 
in the merchant’s pofl'eflion, having been remitted to him 
either on his own account, or on that of any other perfon; 
under the latter is underflood fuch as are drawn upon him, 
and fuch promiffory notes as he may have given. Of all 
thefe this book contains an accurate and complete deferip- 
lion, as will be fee 11 by the following form, which is in 
the mofl univerlal ufe, 
BILLS PAYABLE. 
Left-hand Page. 
No. 
By whom drawn, and Place. 
Date. 
Time. 
Sight. 
Date. 
To whom payable. 
Right-hand Page. 
On whofe Account. 
Accepted. 
Due. 
Sum. 
£. s. d. 
B 1 L 
LS RECE 1 VABL 
Left-hand Page. 
To whom paid. 
And when. 
When received. 
No. 
Of whom. 
Drawer and Place. 
To whom payable. 
- 
Right-hand Page. 
Due. 
Sum. 
£■ 
S . 
d 
How difpofed of. 
The bills are ufuaily entered in this book in the order 
of the dates of our giving or receiving them ; but the 
book has fi ecjuently the name of a month at the top of the 
folio,, and fuch bills as become due in that month are en¬ 
tered under it. By this means it can at once be feen how 
much is to be received or paid in the courfe of that month. 
7. Receipt-book. In this book a merchant takes receipts 
of the payments he makes. The receipt fhould contain 
the date; the fum received, expreffed in words at large, 
and alfo in figures in the money-columnsj thepeafon why : 
Y01. III. No. 125. 
and whether in full or in part; and mud be figned by the 
perfon receiving. 
8. Letter-book. It is very imprudent in any perfon to 
fend away a letter of bufineis, without keeping a duplicate 
of ithimfelf; and therefore, to prevent the bad confe- 
quences of fuch a carelefs practice, merchants are provid¬ 
ed with a large book in folio, into which is copied vabativt 
every letter of bulinefs before it be fent off. So that this 
book, together with the letters received (which mud alfo 
bpkeplin files or boxes) make ujj a complete hidury of all 
g.F' the 
