jofi BOO' 
a balance, by Janfon or Blaew, at Amfterdam ; the lily, 
by the Juntas, at Venice, Florence, Lyons, and Rome ; 
the mulberry-tree, by Morel at Paris; the olive-tree, 
by the Stephenfes at Paris and Geneva, and the Elzeviers 
at Amfterdam and Leyden ; the bird between two ferpents, 
'by the Frobeniufes at Bafil; the truth, by the Coftimelins 
at Heidelberg and, Paris ; the Saturn, by Colinaeus ; the 
printing-prefs, by Badius Afcenfius, &c. 
The traffic of books was anciently very inconfiderable, 
infomuch that the book-merchants of England, France, 
Spain, and other countries, were diftinguiffied by the ap¬ 
pellation of Jiationers, as having no (hops, but only (tails 
■and (lands in the ftreets. During this (late, the civil ma- 
giftrates took little notice of the bookfellers, leaving the 
governments of them to the univerfities, to whom they 
were fuppofed more immediate retainers ; who accordingly 
gave them laws and regulations, fixed prices on their books, 
■examined their cor reft nefs, and punifhed them at difcre- 
■•jtion. But when, by the invention of printing, books and 
,'bookfellers began to multiply, it became a matter of more 
ponfequence ; and the fovereigns took the direction of them 
into their own hands, giving them new ftatutes, appoint¬ 
ing officers to fix prices, and granting licences, privileges, 
&c. For the prefent law relative to the publication of 
books, fee the article Literary Property. 
BOOKWORM,/ A worm or mite that eats holes in 
books, chiefly when damp.—My lion, like a moth or book¬ 
worm, feeds upon nothing but paper. Guardian. — A (tu- 
dent too clofely given to books ; a reader without judg¬ 
ment.—Among thofe venerable galleries and folitary 
fcenes of thg univerfity, I wanted but a black gown, and 
-a falary, to be as mere a bookworm as any there. Pope. 
BOO'LY, / [an Iriffi term.]—All the Tartarians, 
-and the people about the Cafpian Sea, which are naturally 
Scythians, live in hordes; being the very fame that the 
Iriffi bodies are, driving their cattle with them, and feed¬ 
ing only on their milk and white meats. Spenfer. 
BOOM, /] [probably of beam, Sax. a tree ; boom, Dut. 
boen, Old and Low Ger. baum. High Ger. in lea-language.] 
A long pole ufed to fpread out the clue of the fhidding- 
iail ; and fometimes the clues of the mainfail and forefail 
are boomed out. A pole with bufhes or bafkets, fet up 
as a mark to drew the failors how to fteer in the channel, 
when a country is overflowed. A bar of wood or other ma¬ 
terial, laid acrofs an harbour, to keep off the enemy : 
As his heroic worth (truck envy dumb, 
Who took the Dutchman, and who cut the boom. Dryden. 
% To BOOM, v. n. To ruffi with violence ; as a (hip is 
/aid to come booming, when (he makes all the fail (he can. 
To fwell and fall together : 
Forfook by thee, in vain 1 fought thy aid, 
When booming billows clos’d above my head. Pope. 
BOO'MOEY-OSTE-S ANDO, a (mall ifland, near the 
Goart of Norway, twelve miles weft of Suroy. 
BOON, / [from bene, Sax. a petition.] A gift; a grant; 
« benefaftion ; a. prefent: 
Vouchfafe me for my meed but one fair look: 
A fmaller boon than this 1 cannot beg, 
And 1 eis than this I’m lure you cannot give. Shakefpeare. 
BOON, adj. [bon, Fr.] Gay; merry: as, a boon com¬ 
panion : 
Satiate at length, 
And heighten’d as with wine, jocund and boon. 
Thus to herfelf lhe plealingly began. Milton. 
BOON'DY, a town of Hindooftan, in the Agimere coun¬ 
try, eighty-four miles fouth-eaftof Agimere, andfixty-five 
fouth-fouth-weft of Rantampour. 
BOO'NEN (Arnold), an eminent portrait painter, born 
at Dort in a669, was firft a difciple of Arnold Verbuis, 
and afterwards of Godfrey Schalcken. The fweetnefs of 
his colouring, and the neatnefs of his touch, with a ftrik- 
ing likenefs in his portraits, procured him a number of 
BOO 
admirers. He alfo painted fubjefts by candle-light, which 
were very delicate and natural ; and much more of his 
work was' requefted by the lovers of the art than it was 
poflible for him to undertake. He had the honour to 
paint the czar of Mufcovv ; Frederic I. king of PrulTia ; 
the vidtorious duke of Marlborough; many of the 
princes of Germany ; and moft of the noblemen who at¬ 
tended the czar. The fmall piftures of Boonen are in. the 
tafte of Schalcken ; but his exceflive application, to anfwer 
the multitude of his engagements, impaired his health, 
and deftroyed while it enriched him. He died in 1729. 
BOONER'SCHANS, a fortrefs of Groningen, on the 
borders of Ea>ft Friefeland, about a league from Dollart 
Bay : five leagues fouth of Embden. 
BOONS'BOROUGH, a town of the United States of 
North America, in Kentucky : eighteen miles fouth-eaft. 
of Lexington. 
BOOPS,/ in ichthyology, the trivial name of a fpecies 
of balaena. / 
BOOP'TH ALMUS,/. a kind of agate with large cir¬ 
cles in it, bearing fome refemblance to an ox’s eye, from 
whence it got this name. 
BOOR,/ [beer, Dut. gebttre, Sax.] A ploughman; & 
country fellow ; a lout ; a clown : 
To one well born, the affront is worfe and more, 
When he’s abus’d and baffled by a boor. Dryden. 
BOO'RISH, adj. Clowniffi ; ruftic ; untaught; unci¬ 
vilized.—Therefore, you clown, abandon, which is, in 
the vulgar, leave the fociety, which, in the boorijh, is, 
company, of this female. Shakefpeare. 
BOORISH'LY, adv. In a booriffi manner; after a 
clowniffi manner. 
BOORISH'NESS,/ Clowniffinefs; rufticity; coarfe- 
nefs of manners. 
BOOSE,/ [bofg, Sax.] A flail for a cow or an ox. 
BOO'SH ATTER, formerly the city of Uttica, famous 
for the retreat and death of Cato, about feven miles inland 
from Porto Farina in the bay of Tunis. Nothing remains 
of its ancient grandeur except part of a large aqueduft, 
fome cifterns, and other magnificent ruins, w hich cover a 
large extent of ground, and (hew it to have been a very 
confiderable place. The fea, it is known, came up anci¬ 
ently to this city, though now feven miles diftant. 
To BOOT, v. a. [balm, to profit, Dut. bot, in Saxon, 
is recompence, repentance, or fine paid by way of expia¬ 
tion ; botan is, to repent, or to compenfate; as, 
He is wis that bit and bote, 
And bet bivoren dome.'] 
To profit; to advantage: it is commonly ufed in thefe 
modes, it boots, or what boots it : 
For what I have, I need not to repeat; 
And what I want, it boots not to complain. Shakefpeare . 
To enrich ; to benefit: 
And I will boot thee with what gift befide 
That modefty can beg. Shakefpeare. 
BOOT,/ Profit; gain; advantage; fomething give# 
to mend the exchange. 
D Boot. With advantage ; over and above; befides: 
Man is God’s image; but a poor man is 
Chrift’s (lamp to boot: both images regard. Herbert . 
It feems, in the following lines, ufed for booty, or plunder : 
Others, like foldiers, armed in their flings, 
Make boot upon the fummer’s velvet buds. Shakefpeare. 
BOOT,/ [bottas, Armoric; botes, a (hoe, Welffi ; botte , 
French. ] A covering or defence for the leg, ufed on horfe- 
back, both to keep the body more firm, and defend the 
part from the injuries of the weather. Boots feem to have 
taken their name from the refemblance they bear to a fort 
of jacks or leathern bottles formerly in ufe, and called 
bottce, in the old French bouts. Bore! derives the name 
from the old French word bot, a flump, by reafon the boot 
