BOR 
ed in the time of Alfred. A borough is now uttderftood to 
be a town, either corporate or not, that lends burgelfes to 
parliament. 
BO'ROUGI-IBRIDGE, a market-town in the Welt 
Riding of the county of York, fituated on the river Ure. 
The earls of Hertford and Lancafter, who had taken up 
arms againft Edward II. were defeated here in 1322, the 
former being Haiti, and the latter taken prifoner. It is a 
borough town, and lends two members to parliament. The 
market is on Saturdays. Seventeen miles north-weft of 
York, and 2173 north of London. 
BO'ROUGH COURTS, are certain courts held in 
boroughs, by prelcription, charter, or aft of parliament. 
See Court. 
BO'ROUGH-EN'GLISH, a cuftom relative to the 
defeent of lands, in fome ancient boroughs, and copyhold 
manors, that eftates fliall defeend to the youngeft ion; or, 
if the owner hath no iffue, to his younger brother. Litt. 
165. as in Edmunton , &c. Kitc/i. 102. This is io named in 
contradiftinftion as it were to the Norman cuftoms, and is 
noticed by Glanville , lib. vii. c. 3. Littleton gives the fol¬ 
lowing reafon for this cuftom : becaule the younger Ion, 
by realon of his tender age, is not lb capable as the reft 
of his brethren to help himfelf. Other authors have in¬ 
deed given a much ftranger reafon, as if the lord of the 
lee had anciently a right of concubinage with his tenant’s 
wife on her wedding-night ; and that therefore the youngeft 
Ion was moft certainly the tenant’s oll’spring. Another of the 
realons given for this law is the fuperior probability that the 
younger children are the iffue of the hulband, the wife being 
luppofed to become lefs an objeft of feduftion, in proportion 
as ihe advances in years. Polfibly it may be the remnant of 
the paftoral Hate of our Britiih and German anceftors, in 
w'hich the youngeft child was neceffarily moft helplels. 
This cuftom goes with the land, and guides the defeent 
to the youngeft fon, although there be a devife to the con¬ 
trary. 2 Lev. 138. If a man leifed in fee of lands in Bo- 
rough-Englilh, makes a feoffment to the ufe of himfelf 
and the heirs male of his body, according to the courle 
of the common law; and afterwards die feifed, having 
iffue two Ions, the youngeft fon ihall have the lands by vir¬ 
tue of the cuftom, notwithftanding the feoffment. Dyer , 
179. If a copyhold in Borough-Englifh be lurrendered to 
the ulc of a perfon and his heirs, the right will defeend 
to the youngeft ion according to the cuftom. 1 Mod. 102. 
And the youngeft ion ihall inherit an eftate in tail, in Bo- 
rough-Engliih. Noy, 106. But an heir at common Jaw 
Ihall take advantage of a condition annexed to Borough- 
Engliih land ; though the youngeft fon fliall be intitled to 
all aftions in right of the land, & c. r Nelf. A hr. 396. And 
the eldeft ion ihall have tithes ariftng out of land Borough- 
Engliih ; for tithes of common right are not inheritances 
defcendible to an heir, but come in iucceifion from one 
clergyman to another. Ibid. 347. Borough-Engliih land 
being defcendible to the youngeft fon, if a younger fon dies 
without iffue male, leaving a daughter, luch daughter ihall 
inherit jure repreefentatioms. 1 Salk. 243. It hath been ad¬ 
judged where a man hath feveral brothers, the youngeft 
may inherit lands in Borough-Engliih yet it is laid where 
a cuftom is, that land ihall go to the youngeft fon, it doth 
not give it to the youngeft uncle, for cuftoms fliall be ta¬ 
ken iiriftly; and thofe which fix and order the delcents 
of inheritance, can be altered only by parliament. Dyer, 
179 . 4 Leon. 384. By the cuftom of Borough-Engliih, the 
widow ihall have the whole of her hulband’s lands in 
dower, which is called her free bench ; and this is given to 
her the better to provide for the younger children, with 
the care of whom ihe is intruded. Co. Lit. 33, 11 1. F. N. B. 
1 30, Mo. pi. 566. Borough-Engliih is one of thofe cuftoms 
of which the law takes particular notice ; there is no occa- 
iion to prove that luch cuftom aftually exifts, but only 
that the lands in queltion are iubjeft thereto. 1 Comm. 76. 
But the extenfion of the cuftom to the collateral line mud 
be ipecially pleaded. And as Borough-Engliih may be 
extended by lpecial cuftom, lb may it be reftrained ; and 
BOR 219 
therefore the cuftomary defeent may be confined to fee-fimple. 
See r Inji. 1 10. 
BOROVI'GI, a town of RuiFta, in the government of 
Novgorod, on the river Mita : eighty-eight miles eaft-louth- 
eaft of Novgorod, and 168 iouih-eait of Petcrlburg. 
BORO'VSK, a town of Ruifia, in the government of 
Kaluga: forty-eight miles north of Kaluga, and 348 fouth- 
fouth-eaft of Peterfburg. 
BORO'WA, a town of Bohemia, in the circle of Czallau : 
eight miles ealt-north-eaft of Teutfch Brod. 
BOROWl'CA, a town of Poland, in the palatinate of 
Volhynia: twentv miles north of Lucko. 
BOROWICK', a town of Poland, in the palatinate of 
Kiov : thirty-two miles north-eaft of Czerkaly. 
BOROW'KA, a town of Poland, in the palatinate of 
Braclaw : fifty-four miles eaft of Braclaw. 
BOROWS'KO, a town of Bohemia, in the circle of 
Czllau : leven miles weft of Ledetlch. 
BOROWNI'ZA, a town of Bohemia, in the circle of 
Konigingratz : eighteen miles foutlveaft of Konigingratz. 
BOROZA'IL,/. The zail of the Ethiopians. It is a 
dileafe epidemic about the river Senegal. It principally in- 
fefts the pudenda, but is different from the lues venerea, 
though it owes its rile to immoderate venery. In the men it 
is called afab , in the women offa bat us. 
BOROZDIN'KA, a fortrets of Ruffian Tartary, in the 
government of Caucafus, on the Ural: thirty-two miles north 
of Guriel. 
BORRA'CIIIO, f. Indian rubber. See Caoutchouk. 
BOR'RAGE. See Anchusa. 
BOR'REL, f. [it is explained by Junius without etymo¬ 
logy.] A mean fellow. 
BORREL'LISTS, f. A feft in Holland; fo denomi¬ 
nated from their founder Barrel , a perfon of great learning 
in the Hebrew, Greek, and Latin, tongues. They reject 
the ufe of the fiacrament, public prayer, and all other, ex¬ 
ternal afts of worlhip. They alien, that all the Chriftian 
churches of the world have degenerated from the pure 
apoftoiical doctrines, becaule they have iuffered the word 
of God, which is infallible, to be expounded, or rather cor¬ 
rupted, by doctors who are not infallible. They lead a 
very aultere life, and employ a great part of their goods in 
alms. 
BORRIA'NO, a town of Spain, at the mouth of the 
river Milas, in the Gulf of Valencia : leven leagues north of 
Valencia. 
BORRI'CHIUS, a very learned man, fon of a Lutheran 
minifter in Denmark, born in 1626. He applied himfelf 
to phyfic in the Univerfuy of Copenhagen, and began to 
"praftile during a moft terrible plague that made great havoc 
in that city. He travelled : but before his departure, in 
1660, he was appointed profeffor in poetry, botany, and 
chemiftry ; and at his return difeharged his duties with great 
alliduity, of which the works he publilhed afford ample 
proof. He was railed to the office of counfellor in the lu- 
preme council of juftice in 1 6S £>; to that of counlellor of 
the royal chancery in 1689; and died, under an operation 
for the ftone, in 1690. He publilhed, 1. Lingua Pharma- 
copamrum. 2. Diffcrtationes de Poeticis Grtecis et Latinis. 
3. De Ortu et Progreffu Chernia:; and feveral other works. 
BORROMEO, or Borrome'us, (Charles,) a faint 
of the Romilh calendar, was born Oft. 2, 1538, of a good 
family, in the chateau d’Atone. Charles addifted him¬ 
felf at an early period to retirement and ftudy. His ma¬ 
ternal uncle, Pius IV. lent for him to the court of Rome, 
made him cardinal in 1560, and afterwards archbilhop of 
Milan. Charles was then but twenty-two years of age. 
He however conducted the affairs of the church as if he 
had been long accuftomed to it. r I he Romans were at 
that time ignorant and lazy ; he therefore formed an aca¬ 
demy computed of ecclefialtics and leculars, whom, by his 
example and his liberality, he animated to ftudy and to 
virtue. The young cardinal, in the midft of a brilliant 
court, went along with the torrent, fitted up grand apart¬ 
ments, furnilhed them magnificently, and kept lplendid 
equipages. 
